جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « جهان » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Using documentary and library methods, secondary analysis, and resources in the field of historical, demographic, and developmental changes, this article has analyzed the role of development indicators in demographic changes and policy-making in the world and Iran. The main question of the article was what is the connection between demographic changes and development, and what scenario can be proposed for the population policy of a country like Iran? The findings showed that demographic indicators have changed in line with developmental changes and developed and developing countries of the world - including Iran - have different demographic indicators. Countries with high population growth have lower rates of success and human development than developed countries with lower population growth. In line with the second demographic transition, a type of cultural transition has occurred in family values and having children in less developed countries which affects the behavior of having children. Finally, population policy scenarios are presented in relation to the rate of population growth and the level of development of countries. The trend of economic, social, and demographic changes shows the necessity of a kind of contingent-comparative population policy. For a society like Iran, a stabilization scenario for a "dynamic balance" is proposed.

The present study has described and analyzed the experiences of women domestic workers living in multiple and different worlds. This study aimed to understand the lived experiences of these women as a silent and marginalized group due to the lack of an official position in the legal structure and the weakness of research. First of all, the questions of this study are based on the description of the salient points of domestic worker women's experience of the work and life situation in a context of different worlds. In what situations and with which mechanisms do these women experience difference and inequality? How does the perception resulting from such an experience manifest itself in people's consciousness? How can the more structural implications of such situational perception be explained? The approach and method are based on the existential phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, which is focused on the experience of the embodied subject in the world, whose perception is determined based on her situation concerning others and the world. The statistical population included female domestic workers aged 25 to 55 in Tehran, who were selected through snowball and criterion-related sampling. The results of the study show that the outstanding levels of perception among these women are the result of situations of powerlessness, ambiguity and not being at ease which is the result of the predominance of informal relations, away from legal supervision and intermingled with cultural practices that reproduce a structure of power hierarchies at the everyday level. Such a context makes the intention or motivation and daily practices of both sides subject to the possibility of multiple readings; This is largely due to cultural contexts and social beliefs regarding moral systems, dignified principles, and the reasons for placing people in hierarchical social stratifications. We are constantly acting based on perception and awareness affected by such entanglements, and we enable the reproduction of epistemic systems that We are not necessarily aware of their consequences. In the theme of instrumentalization, the participants found themselves in situations of excessive accessibility, worthlessness, and identification with the work they do. Ambiguity implied a perceptual background that was, at the first level, affected by borderline relations between the worker and the employer in an informal atmosphere and based on non-standard conditions or lack of supervision and rules, mixed with empathic, authoritarian, pitiful, and exploitative behaviors that Their interference in people's experience, in addition to the fact that it had led to indirect indications of such relationships; A form of sensory confusion followed. In the third theme, continuous exposure to the symbols of inequality, the difference in social status, and levels of Prosperity under contradictory situations could be recognized in the entire narrative of the participants, which shows the state of not being at ease. The meaning of such a space of plurality and multiple/contradictory possibilities of action/reaction can be understood in the shadow of Merleau-Ponty's belief that perception is inevitably accompanied by action; Perception, which is an inevitable aspect of our existence in the world, and always affects us through direct or indirect contact with others, their beliefs, their history, and their stories. A common focus of the literature on paid domestic work in the world is that the gender and social class of domestic workers are central to explaining the structural oppression of domestic work. Such an approach is confirmed in the present study. They show that the inequalities reproduced in domestic service flows are largely maintained through emotional ambiguities amid such intersections. At the macro level, it can be said that the market model of care - of which rental home care is one of the main pillars - not only reproduces existing social inequalities but also reinforces the traditional gender division of labor and institutionalized servitude. Unlike the market care model, a public care model that is included in the public system of the country allows for consideration of gender, class, and cultural equality relations. The public model of care also considers the responsibility of care and the care needs of the lower social classes and marginalized groups. While such a commitment is specific to social biases, it is necessary to problematize gender bias in the public model of care and to revitalize the social struggle to recognize domestic work and its value. The approach and method is based on the existential phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, which is focused on the experience of the embodied subject in the world, whose perception is determined based on her situation in relation to others and the world. The statistical population included female domestic workers aged 25 to 55 in Tehran, who were selected through snowball and criterion-related sampling. The results of the study show that the outstanding levels of perception among these women are the result of situations of powerlessness, ambiguity and not being at ease that is clearly the result of the predominance of informal relations, away from legal supervision and intermingled with cultural practices that reproduce a structure of power hierarchies at the everyday level. Such a context makes the intention or motivation and daily practices of both sides subject to the possibility of multiple readings; This is largely due to cultural contexts and social beliefs regarding moral systems, dignified principles, and the reasons for placing people in hierarchical social stratifications. We are constantly acting on the basis of perception and awareness affected by such entanglements, and we enable the reproduction of epistemic systems that We are not necessarily aware of its consequences. In the theme of instrumentalization, the participants found themselves in situations of excessive accessibility, worthlessness and identification with the work they do. Ambiguity implied a perceptual background that was, at the first level, affected by borderline relations between the worker and the employer in an informal atmosphere and based on non-standard conditions or lack of supervision and rules, mixed with empathic, authoritarian, pitiful and exploitative behaviors that Their interference in people's experience, in addition to the fact that it had led to indirect indications of such relationships; A form of sensory confusion followed. In the third theme, continuous exposure to the symbols of inequality, difference in social status and levels of Prosperity under contradictory situations could be recognized in the entire narrative of the participants, which shows the state of not being at ease. The meaning of such a space of plurality and multiple/contradictory possibilities of action/reaction can be understood in the shadow of Merleau-Ponty's belief that perception is inevitably accompanied by action; Perception, which is an inevitable aspect of our existence in the world, and always affects us through direct or indirect contact with others, their beliefs, their history, and their stories. A common focus of the literature on paid domestic work in the world is that the gender and social class of domestic workers are central to explaining the structural oppression of domestic work. Such an approach is confirmed in the present study. They show that the inequalities reproduced in domestic service flows are largely maintained through emotional ambiguities in the midst of such intersections.At the macro level, it can be said that the market model of care - of which rental home care is one of the main pillars - not only reproduces existing social inequalities, but also reinforces the traditional gender division of labor and institutionalized servitude. Unlike the market care model, a public care model that is included in the public system of the country, allows to consider gender, class and cultural equality relations. The public model of care also considers the responsibility of care and the care needs of the lower social classes and marginalized groups. While such a commitment is specific to social biases, it is necessary to problematize gender bias in the public model of care and to revitalize the social struggle to recognize care (including domestic work) and its value.

A group of professors and philosophers have written a series of articles on the full range of Merleau-Ponty's philosophy, introducing the views of this French phenomenological philosopher, a philosopher who tried to overcome the dichotomies between consciousness and the world as well as consciousness and the body by emphasizing the bodily subject. They aim to acquaint academic and non-university audiences with his ideas. This work, which was published by Cambridge University Press in 2005 in the form of a collection of articles entitled “The Cambridge Companion to Merleau-ponty”, was translated by Ms. Hanieh Yaseri and published by Ghognoos Publications in Iran in 2012. In this article, we intended to critically examine the Persian translation of this work. Although the author has chosen a valid book for translation, the existence of many formal and content problems, such as not using uniform terms, non-observance of Persian grammar rules, and many inaccuracies, has made the translation of this work have not worthy of its original text and its content don’t understand properly.

This article tries to analyze the content of the book Phenomenology of Perception by Merleau-ponty critically. Therefore, having considered the importance of this work in the formation of the concept of Phenomenology in the author’s own period, we regard the role of this book in the following trend of Phenomenology. In introducing the author of this work, Maurice Merleau-ponty, we point out to the disadvantages of Phenomenology by Husserl from the viewpoint of Merleau-ponty. This paper, also, studies the translation of this book in English (since the original work was in French); so, the translator of the work; i. e., Colin Smith (1914-1990), will be introduced. The major part of this article is dedicated to the Content Analysis of this work, critically review its translation, and criticize the conceptual analytical status of the book itself. In the proceeding sections, we focus on the chronological order of the book, the sufficiency of resources, accuracy in references and citations, the form, and the language of the work, which is to some extent difficult. At last, in the conclusion, we mention the central importance of this work for some majors such as Philosophy in the post-graduate degrees, and even its permeation into the fields of Art, Medicine, and Nursing.

The issue of music has always been controversial. The fact that what is understood by music has been always a fundamental question for scholars. This research, which is based on a theological approach, seeks a new insight into the different dimensions of music by using the philosophical rules of transcendental wisdom, such as unity of human beings and the world, and the analysis of the problem of the soul. In fact, the purpose of this article, which is based on a hermeneutical method, is to answer to the question of how music is understood and perceived. The outcome of this study not only allows for the establishment of philosophical foundations in light of transcendental wisdom for music, but because this analysis is carried out in light of epistemic acceptance, it provides music with a kind of sacredness and gives it a theological aspect. In addition, the music is regarded ontologically and harmoniously equal with the philosophical-mystical foundations of transcendental wisdom.

Housing is recognized as the most important part of development in any society. Hence, providing adequate housing is one of the most important issues facing the countries of the world to achieve sustainable development, and almost all countries in the world face serious problems in this regard. Housing production in all countries not only satisfies the psychological and social needs of people in the community, but also represents the manifestations of economic growth in each country and has a significant impact on the mobility and acceleration of economic cycles. It may be argued that there is a housing problem all over the world, but in developing countries, due to the rapid growth of population and urbanization, domestic migration, lack of adequate financial resources, land supply problems, construction materials and the shortage of specialized personnel, more important than The lack of policies, policies and programs on land and housing has become a severe and critical issue. Therefore, this paper, using a descriptive-analytical method and employing new sources of internal and external resources, is attempting to review housing policy in Iran and the world in order to use these experiences in the future in order to advance the objectives of supply Used housing.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the world - localization with individualism and pulralism among students of Yazd University. The dependent variables are individualism and pulralism In horizontal and vertical dimensions are measured based on the opinions Tryandys.
Research method Is Questionnaire survey and collect data from the population using proportional stratified random sampling method, 384 students were selected. The research main question was whether to pursue a meaningful relationship between the world - Local and individualism and pluralism there? According to the original question of research main hypothesis is on the relationship between the world – localization with individualism and pulralism. The secondary hypotheses suggest that is the relationship between the background variables sex, marital status and education, there is individualism and pluralism. Research findings show that between sex, marital status and education, with individualism and pulralism there is no significant relationship. There was a significant relationship between the localization world with individualism. the latest There was a significant relationship between the localization world with collectivism. Multiple regression analysis showed that the One aspect of globalization localization as Against the world explained more than 16% of the variance stems of collectivism. Also, after Another aspect of the local universe as compliance with the process of globalization, showed individualism accounted for 5.9% of the variance stems.

This essay is aimed to study political and theories of citizenship rights about ethnics around the world and especially in Europe. At the beginning, concepts such as citizen, citizenship, rights and citizenship tasks would be studied. After that, meanwhile referring to citizenship history, theoretical bases of citizenship rights in sociology, citizenship rights of ethnic groups in European countries and other countries in the world and current political patterns challenges would be studied.
Evidences show that unequal citizenship rights of minority ethnic groups in Europe is not merely due to majority racism, but important structural factors such as economic recession and production shortages are affecting so. Minority racial or ethnic groups, connecting to the majority society living in, take different forms.
Conducted different patterns such as assimilation, multiculturalism, associational democracy and so on are confronted to challenges in guarantying citizenship rights and have been criticized.

Urban visage is the language of city; the language that is the indicator of human’s perception or thinking of being in the world. «Building» is the symbolic and creative disclosure of thinking that reveals the approach of humans towards life in the world، and his or her view to the world and place. Contravention of the authentic meaning of a Building- that is dwelling، peace، intimacy، ensconcing، protection – involves contemporary human in the crisis of being «homeless» and insecure. Because of this crisis، contemporary human is alien or unfamiliar with his or her urban space even in his or her own city. Only when urban visage (face) is appropriated with content of the city (culture، beliefs، creeds،…) we have urban space. In this situation every element in the urbanization can bring familiar and meaningful feelings for citizens. Reflections on the authentic meaning of Building، place، space may present proposed pattern for authentication to urban face، the face that is language.

The present study aims to elaborate on the cultural-social and human resource challenges facing information technology development in Iran higher education. The statistical population of the study includes the members of the faculty in some state universities. The universities are the University of Kordestan, Shiraz University, Alameh Tabatabayi University, Tehran University, Sharif technical University and Esfahan University. They were randomly selected. 150 members were selected through randomized, stratified method to answer a questionnaire. It was a researcher-made questionnaire. The results indicated that in socio-cultural dimension, the highness in the number of students in ratio to number of available computers, the weakness of searching morale among the students, and insufficient English commend of students and professors were the most important challenges facing the information technology development in Iran higher education according to viewpoint's professors.. In the human resources dimension, the main challenge was students and professor's unfamiliarity of how to use data bases.

The contribution of internal and external factors on the operation of democracies is one of the most controversial debates in democratization studies. General rules about the role of internal and external variables on democracies، due to their distinctiveness and specific identities، are hard to be established. However، historical examination could result in analyzing effective mechanisms of the variables’ effects، and knowing that mechanisms can pave the way for providing statements that are more general. Through analyzing the effects of dependency and the world system of economy on Iran، Turkey and Korea in a historical span of 1800 to 1961، this article attempts to explain the conditions of economic instability and failure of democratic consolidation in them from 1941 to 1961. The paper shows evidences on how the operation of democracies is shaped by the historical structure of the world system، their own path of history، and the interaction of internal and external factors.

The main subject of this study is the investigating of glocalization and its reflexivity on Women''s identity in Hawraman. It can be said that one of the most significant current discussions in transitional societies is having an understanding of the encounter between local and global elements and، investigating the impact of this encounter. Because there is an ongoing، complex interaction between global forces and long run patterns of culture and identity. In such situation Hawraman women had a tendency towards reflexive actions regarding their traditional roles and functions. For this reason glocalization and reflexive modernity theories have been used as theoretical guidance. The method employed in this study is the qualitative method. Participatory and depth interviews have been used as the main means of collecting qualitative data. Then the results of qualitative data have shown in a model based on grounded theory principles. The findings of study show that Women’s identity concerning tendency to education and specially regarding home-work has changed based on global values، but in relation to work in out of home and having independence in decision making، traditional and local values has maintain their roles on Women''s identity. As well as، the results of study indicated that glocalization of Women''s identity had occurred through an interaction between local and global values.

In this article, using glocalization, as a complementary or alternative term for globalization, we have studied religious themes in the Iranian rap music. Despite the globalization of rap music, we cannot say this music has been expanded with fixed western pattern around the world. Adolescents and young people around the world have created different rap music(s) that are influenced by their local cultures. In Iran, rap music both in the musical characteristics and themes, has been influenced by local culture. In one hand Iranian rap music has been influenced by global (Western) rap culture and on other hand it has been influenced by local (Iranian-Islamic) culture. We used Glock and Stark's model to study religious themes in the contemporary Iranian rap. This model describes doctrinal, intellectual, ethical-consequential, ritual, and experiential dimensions of religion. We used qualitative content analysis to explore the religious themes. Results show that religious themes in the Iranian rap music are part of local culture. Analyzing rap songs show that in doctrinal dimension, resurrection is the main theme. In ritual dimension, some Islamic behaviors and in experiential dimension, religious fears are of main themes. As summarized, Iranian rappers selected some limited dimensions of religion in their songs. According to our findings, in the Iranian rap music, no one has represented multidimensional religion.

The contemporary rapid development of man in different science has created new tools and accessories that facilitate the life of humanity. There is an increase in the quality of life of humanity as a result of new technologies in commerce, economics, industry, health, and communication. The long distance between cities and countries is no longer a problem and every nation is a neighbor the most geographically distant nation in the emerging global village. The old territorial borders are removed as a result of new economic and non-economic regional and international organizations. All these achievements have also creates deep gaps within societies and new ground for different forms of anxiety, depression, and panic are created. Actually, the developing world is becoming a market for military and economic exchanges of developed countries. There is a growing economic gap within these societies. It is clearly evident that ethics of communication and psychological sanity is the main need of contemporary humanity. This paper suggests to present the idea of replacing God with humanity and alienation of man from God, as the main source of all these problems. Religious ethics is a priority and rethinking in Quranic teachings is the most fundamentally effective solution for the existing panic and anxiety.

Beauty and make-up are firmly associated with gender in contemporary societies. On this basis, the majority of feminist thinkers have designated part of their rhetorical efforts to this issue. Given the significance of this issue, this article provides a brief investigation of the concept of beauty and then deals with plastic surgery and make-up and provides a history of these two in Iran and the world. Moreover, it proves that it is believed by the public that beauty can be achieved by money and individual effort. The article has investigated the role of the media and the press in Iran in allowing western culture of beauty to infiltrate while giving statistics on the consumption of cosmetics and on plastic surgeries in Iran and the globe.Three approaches with respect to the culture of consumption of cosmetics are also presented. The viewpoints of feminist opponents and proponents of the cosmetic surgery have been offered, too, together with a conclusion of the study.

This paper deals with the philosophical aspects of nationalism and pan-Islamism in view of Dr. Muhammad Iqbal, a great poet and philosopher of sub-continent. The paper examines in an analytical way, how Iqbal’s concept of nationalism is different from Western brand of nationalism and coincided with Jamal-u-din Afghani’s ideal of pan-Islamism. The paper discusses how Iqbal reconciled his ideal with the real world-over dynamics, especially in the Muslim world after World War II. It is further ar-gued that how far his idea of Nationalism and his concern for Muslim unity had relevance to the con-temporary Muslim world, particularly in the context of predicament faced by the Muslim Ummah.