جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « رسانه جمعی » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

The main purpose of this article is a sociological analysis of the factors affecting the selection of the type of reference groups among the citizens of Kermanshah, which was done by survey method and using a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study includes all citizens aged 15 and over in Kermanshah, which according to the 2016 census was equal to 855,523 people. From this population, 570 people were selected based on Cochran's formula and selected using cluster random sampling. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS and AMOS software. Findings show that the level of education (r =0.143), tendency to modernity (r =0.164), religiosity (r =0.351) and the use of mass media (r =0.261) by selecting the type Reference groups had a significant relationship, but migration and exposure or non-exposure to war did not affect the choice of type of reference groups. The results of regression analysis also show that the variable of religiosity could explain 0.28 of the changes related to the selection of the type of reference groups.

Human development view to human beings is as a capacity that should be flourished, and this flourishing is obtained only with the empowerment of individuals. One of the main ways to empower communities is to reduce and limit poverty. For this purpose, the attention of development policymakers has been focused on improving indicators related to the types of poverty. One of the most important indicators is human poverty. Various institutions have the power of influence; one of these capacities is the mass media, especially television. This study was conducted to explain the factors affecting the use of Iran's TV programs to prevent human poverty. The research method used is an exploratory mix using a typology strategy. The statistical population of this study is composed of experts in the field of development communication. In the qualitative part, the statistical sample was selected 13 people using theoretical sampling method and in quantitative part 385 people using random sampling. The tool of collecting data in the first part was semi-structured individual interview and in the second part, a researcher-made questionnaire. Necessary indices were used to assess the validity and reliability of measuring instruments. Data analysis was performed on the basis of qualitative and quantitative results and structural equation modeling using Smart PLS software. The results showed that environmental, human, television mass media, programming, audience characteristics and individual empowerment can predict human poverty variable. Given the value obtained for the overall fit index of model 0.79, appropriate fit of the overall model is confirmed.

Attracting and retaining the audience is one of the main problems of mass media. The audience is the most important asset of any media, and the concern to attract and retain audiences in the media is like concern for profitability in business. One of the ways to attract and retain audience is creating a brand for the media. The purpose of the present research is to answer the question of what factors affect to create a brand for news media. To answer the question, we used the meta-synthesis method. The statistical population of this research is qualitative articles that have been published on the media brand, in particular the news media brand, between 2000 and 2017. Using content analysis, a total of 87 codes, 18 concepts and 5 categories for the brand of news media were discovered and labeled. Findings showed that the agents of organization, message, communication, audience and values are effective in creating a brand for news media.

The present research investigates the relationship between the rate of “Media Literacy” and “Social Well-being” of working women in 2 companies “Shoniz” and “Parlar”. Standard quiestionnaire is used to collect information and is done in quantitative method and survey technique. The statistical society is working women in “Dadash Baradar Industrial co” which includes 140 woman and “Parlar Asia Industrial co.” that includes 60 woman. The quiestionnaire is distributed among all of the 200 women. The research finding showed that there was a meaningfull relationship between the independent variable “Media Literacy” dependant variables indicators including “Social Actualization”, “Social Coherence”, “Social Acceptance” and “Social Integration” except the “Social Contribution” and these four hypothesis are accepted. But there isn’t any meaningfull relationship between predestinate variables including “Age”, “Marital Statue” and “Socio-economic Base” with Social Well-being. Also a meaningfull relationship is seen between Age and Media Literacy. The result of linear regression analysis showed that Media Literacy could explain 11/2 % of Social Well-beings changes and 88/8 of the remaining changes were affected by the other variables and factors that aren’t included in this research. Also Media Literacy had the effect equal to 34/1 % on working women’s Social Well-being. It means that by increasing one standard deviation of Media Literacy, the rate of Social Well-being among working women had been increased equal to 0/341 of standard deviation. So it can be included that there is a relationship between Media Literacy and Social Well-being.

There is no area of human life that is not under the influence technology, particularly more common forms as the Internet and mobile phones. All levels of human life from the most private and personal ones to most of the major socio-political fields (with different degrees) are affected by these new forms of media technologies. In this connection, the mobile phone is the most comprehensive media and has great potentials in the development and solidification of the public sphere. Increasing the flow of information through mobile phones with increasing amount of data available, has reduced the role of the wardens and developed social or public sphere. In the world politics also mobile phones have various functions such as SMS, and has had great impacts on politics as a tool for flow of information and advertising.
In this paper we will examine the functions and impacts of mobile phones, specially text messages, in social and political life of todays. It seems that mobile phones as a means of public, affordable, accessible tool to everyone has able to position itself as an instrument of social media and politicians and political activists are aware of the importance of it and try to take the most advantage of it. This study has been conducted through analytical-statistical method by using library and the Internet resources.

Violence is a part of the social damage of the modern age, which has led to a moral collapse in social relationships. Soccer sport is also one of the most exciting activities of citizens and an exciting element, which is accompanied by an increase in social feelings and violence; along with the changes in sports, the issue of aggression and violence, both collectively and individually, has led to a disruption of the functional system of social relations and citizenship, which can be seen among spectators, fans and sometimes football players. In this regard, the present study was designed to examine sociological factors affecting aggressive behaviors among football fans.
The research method is a survey. The statistical population of this research is over 70,000 spectators present at one of the soccer stadiums of the country, of which 400 were estimated based on the Cochran formula. SPSS software was used to analyze the data.
The results of the study showed that the correlation between age, police control, aggression learning, failure, mass media stimulation, and the dependent variable of aggression of the audience was confirmed. The results of regression analysis also indicate that the independent variables of the research explained 29% of the variations of the dependent variable.
Reducing violence and aggression in the context of the family and the mass media and, on the other hand, increasing the formal and informal social control plays an essential role in preventing and reducing the phenomenon of aggression among football fans.

This Study is paid to role of television as a mass medium in the lives downstairs Iranian society and its impact on the political attitude formation and changes them. To avoid getting caught in the trap of reductionism, we tried considered in this study, media influence on political attitudes of community members, along with other social factors. In this regard, the independent variables of the study, the control variables related to media (such as television viewing time, a variety of TV channels) are both control environmental variables (including the satisfaction of economic, education). However, given that TV channels, all with political ads are not identical, these channels into three groups of channels, internal, satellite channels, political, and satellite channels Entertainment division and how to influence the audience of each of the three groups studied , and eventually were compared. The study population is the city of Varamin. The main reason for this is that the city Qarchak city, one of the most immigrants city in Iran, and therefore has enormous cultural diversity.

Mass media as a medium of communication in today's world have a lot of functions. The communication factor has institutionalized the role of values in society and through the exchange of information between the current generation and its transmission to future generations, has a vital role in culture and establish a common feeling among people and communities. National identity as the highest and the greatest level of specificity in the countries is affected by the media. The main function of identity through formal training was done in the past but now, according to the data transfer rate and media information, media have an important role in the development or modification of national identity and media consolidate or change the national identity. So media which are used by governmental and non-governmental actors are in line with the interests of the actors as a positive or negative factor in the development of national identity. Thus, mass media affect the elements of national identity by strengthening or weakening it. The results of the research suggest that the impact of the media on three indicators of the national identity - its elements, principles and position- is tremendous impact, positive or negative.

Introduction and problematic of research: The main purpose of this study is to identify the role of mass media in determining the popularity and authenticity of art works which are open to a variety of interpretations across different countries. As a relative notion, the popularity and authenticity of art works depends on cultural, social, and political strategies and circumstances of the discourse within which it is articulated. In other words, the popularity and authenticity of art works is not an inherent quality but regulated by elite classes who have control over mass media and try to advertise their favorite discourse as the dominant one. It should be noted that media brings a work of art to the canon not necessarily based on aesthetic qualities. Those works of art which have won popularity, authenticity, and labeled as ‘canonical’ in an era may lose their credit in other historical epochs. To put it more specifically, mass media attempt to invest only on those art works which reinforce their favorite discourse. Such a pseudo-objective canonization process can be decoded by using interdisciplinary paradigms including cultural studies and sociology of literature paradigms. Here in this paper, we attempt to identify the main reasons behind the popularity and authenticity of 12 Years a Slave (2013), directed by Steve McQueen, both in America and Iran. Such an interdisciplinary study can help to discern how a work of is assigned different values once articulated within different discourses.
Theoretical framework: To explore the popularity of 12 Years a Slave (2013) both in America and Iran, despite the countries’ discordant sociocultural approaches, we utilize two interrelated and complementary theoretical disciplines: cultural studies and sociology of literature. The former paves the way for understanding critical notions like standardization, discrimination, and qualification as the latter concerns the social and cultural factors determining the popularity of works of art. Utilizing the two creates a solid framework to explore the contingency of the popularity and authenticity of art works. The paper uses Neil Campbell and Toby Miller’s ideas related to cultural studies, on the one hand, and Lucien Goldmann’s genetic structuralism, on the other hand, to analyze the notion of ‘popularity’ and ‘authenticity’ in the realm of art in general. Based on this theory, the picture which is declared by mass media as “the most important”, “the best”, or “the greatest” is not necessarily the most artful one; rather it is the picture which is most applicable for reinforcing the dominant discourse of the society. Toby Miller, one of the famous figures in cultural studies believes that this theory is a magnetic field in academia embracing various tendencies of human sciences (Miller 2001). Instead of focusing on canonical works of art, cultural studies devotes time to popular media, subcultures, and ‘ordinary’ and ‘marginal’ social groups.
Cultural studies field, according to Neil Campbell, has been promoted by groups on the margins of power, excluded from the mainstream (Campbell 2008). These groups on the margins consist of people of color, women, ethnic and minorities who interrogate and resist the old system of representation and power through their new critical approaches (ibid). They believe in cultural dialogism or “multiculturalism, that is, the belief that a healthy culture is made of many different people with diverse systems of belief and practice (ibid.). Furthermore, the paper makes use of Lucien Goldmann’s genetic structuralism which delineates the importance of sociocultural norms in informing the popularity and authenticity of art works.
in spite of being a single aesthetic entity, 12 Years a Slave (2013) is assigned different ideological values both in America and in Iran. In the first step, the paper finds the reasons behind its popularity in Iran, and subsequently sets to find out why it is awarded several Academy Awards despite purporting to be an ‘anti-colonial’ work of art. Finally, we discuss the broadcasting and casting system informing 12 Years a Slave.
Findings and Some of the findings indicate that mass media are not neutral in authenticating and popularizing works of art. Under the influence of different elements, particularly political ones, a work of art may be labeled as “the best”, or “the great”. The mass media try to justify the “authenticity” of these works, and make them “popular” for both common people and elite groups of a society. These two factors have been analyzed in 12 Years a Slave (2013) directed. In spite of their completely different dominant discourses, both Iran and United States mass media brought the film to their canon. This paper will answer the question on the causes of film popularity and canonicity. The findings show that many factors such as film awards, release dates, and its casting have an important function in labeling the film as “popular”. By evaluating the policy of media in advertising the dominant discourse and implied ideology of the film, we may come to this conclusion that instead of showing the reality, such discourses try to construct the reality, and form the attitude of their audience towards their surrounding phenomena. This dominant political discourse imposes the imaginary borders of “popularity and authenticity” of art works; and since such a discourse is not fixed in different periods of time, it is not possible to put definable borders for artistic “popularity and authenticity”. In the case of 12 Years a Slave, the aesthetic factors of the film are undeniable. The powerful and influential acting in addition to the effective cinematography and the photogenic qualities of the movie in representing Southern farms can be mentioned as the remarkable points of the film that have played an important function in its popularity. However, our findings indicate that we need to emphasize the role of political and media-concerned elements that made the film “popular”.

The way that newspapers reflect the news and events is so important in informing people. This article tries to investigate this issue to determine the social duties of mass media especially newspapers such as Hamshahri, Jame Jam, Iran and Shargh newspapers (emphasizing the front Page).the Statistical population in the paper is the first news in the front pages of these four newspapers published during 3 month (November, December, January) of 2011. The method which has been used for this research is Semiotics in media approach. Social duties are considered as a category and the meaning which has been elicited form the news is considered as the judge. The results investigate that all 4 newspapers pay more attention to the informing and they pay less attention to the entertainment. "Education", "expression" and "Social Solidarity" are in the middle of this attention. There is no difference between the newspapers in presenting social responsibilities. But there is a difference between different kinds of social responsibilities in all four newspapers. The "informing "issues have been mentioned more than the "entertainment "issues in these cited newspapers.

This research aimed to investigate cultural and psychological factors affecting the well-being of “empty nest’s” mothers in Sari. This study surveyed 241 women in the center. The research instrument was a questionnaire whose reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. A use was made of SPSS to run Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis on the data. The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between connection with different groups, education, using media, marital satisfaction, self-confidence, and intimacy with other family members, mother-child dependency and the psychological well-being of mothers of the center. Multivariate regression analysis further indicated that mother-child dependency and connection with different groups had the largest direct impact (p=0292) and Smallest impact (p=0.238) on mothers’ psychological well-being respectively.

There have been many studies about the importance of culture on the way to develop entrepreneurship and economic growth so that entrepreneurial culture has become a new concept. At the individual level، it has specific dimensions such as willingness to take risk، need to achievement، internal locus of control، creativity، independency، self-confidence، hardworking، management and marketing skills. There are factors that play an important role in creating entrepreneurial culture in the society like Family، educational institutions، government، social networks، industry and mass media. So we suggest that mass media can influence entrepreneurship development by acting through values embedded in different cultures. Despite the importance of the subject، there have been few investigations about the role media plays to promote entrepreneurial culture. There is no investigation that covers all dimensions of entrepreneurial culture; on the other hand researches have just mentioned the word «media» without explaining the exact kind of media. Each media has different functions and all of this is disregarded in the literature. Since television affects the audiences'' knowledge، values and socialization، this paper aims at exploring the Cognitive، Normative and Regulative roles (based on institutional theory) Television can play in order to promote entrepreneurial culture. The data is gathered by performing 24 deep interviews with experts of both media and entrepreneurship including university professors، TV managers and economic program makers. The roles are also prioritized by Friedman test. Results will help us to perform a roadmap of entrepreneurial culture development. Results show that informing function of television is very appropriate for recognition role and the entertainment function suits best to transfer entrepreneurial values rather than direct education. Also the regulative roles can be played via different programs like developing social networks among audiences.

Nowadays, due to the wide influence of mass media, which distribute the message with different subjects, various structures in wide geographical area, new cultural situation from and cause transformation of social behaviors, vision tendency and new outlook in the area of public culture. From this point of view, public culture is those type of behaviors which are general in public and manifest in social life. Traffic behavior as some part of public culture, shows the rote of following or not followiing traffic laws, traffic customs and essential standards among society and vehicles. Media and communication means, have decisive role to generalize new cultures, new behavioral policies and present useful patterns and can cause necessary changes in socciety. Mass media present educational, publicity messages in one time to all the society, without time & place limitations. In fact, this can provide coordination among traffic – related structures. In order to change traffic behavior, At first, it is necessary to change people and authorities outlook toward traffic, so, these changes should be done both in “outlook” and “traffic public culture”.

Mass media i.e. major sources of information are omnipresent and have a significant impact on public health. The effects of media on health-related behaviors are not only studied for the analysis of dayto- day interactions but also for the planned application of media to change public behaviors.The present article, first; specifies the reasons for which media are used in health domain. It, secondly; discusses two major research areas related to media and health (message production and message effect).Thirdly; it introduces briefly the factors influencing theproduction of successful programs addressing health and also factors impeding production of such programs. It finally proposes a few important subjects which challenge researchon media and health.

The increasing growth of communication industry, made possible by human advancement in technology has made the present era the era of communication. Technology has always been under the control of capitalists and power brokers and they have used media as an instrument to operationalize their expansionist policies. Increasing communication and translating the ideal of “world village” into action globalization, serving the world media imperialism openly or covertly, is now playing its role in different areas to poison the environment. In this connection, the distorted image of Muslim woman in Western media has negatively influenced some Muslims attitudes.