جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شهر » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Developed countries transformed the city and urbanism into a dynamic and balanced phenomenon with the advent of the global urbanization process, taking into account the quality of life for their citizens. However, developing countries struggled with inadequate and flawed infrastructure and inefficiency. Due to their structural and institutional abnormalities, urbanization and urbanism have generated a multitude of urban issues and damages. This anomaly and the exponential expansion of the problems have created a traumatic environment in the urban areas of these societies.To attain the objective of comprehending how residents perceive and envision the traumatized urban environment, the present study employed a qualitative approach of the grounded theory variety. Thirty residents of the city of Tabriz participated in semi-structured interviews and purposeful sampling in 2023 to provide the data, which were subsequently analyzed using the coding method.The primary classifications derived along the axis of the central category (traumatized city) were as follows: an unattractive city engulfed in malignant nodules, hazardous and distressing environments, an abundance and development of various types of injuries, management that neglected human-centered initiatives, and crises. Environmental, auditory, and visual pollution.The prevailing state of disrepairs within the metropolis induces a pervasive atmosphere of anxiety and psychological distress. Living in this traumatized city induces feelings of apprehension, hopelessness, anguish, and aimlessness. This circumstance increases the urgency for urban planners and officials to address this critical matter and implement fundamental strategies to rectify the situation in an effort to transform the urban environment into a more desirable place to live for the populace.

Cities are complex space systems that are directly related to economics, politics, and power. In the process of understanding the urban world, exploring the mechanisms governing cities through the lens of political economy to read the relationships and mechanisms governing cities is of particular importance. Whereas cities can be a center of spatial inequality and deprivation of the right to citizens as well as a center of development. The present study was conducted to identify the mechanisms governing the city of Sanandaj and its citizens. The study field is the city of Sanandaj. This research has used a qualitative method and specifically grounded theory for data analysis and in-depth theoretical sampling with 32 citizens was conducted in-depth interviews. Based on the data collected from the research field, four main deducted, including: The mechanism of malfunctioning of institutions, market policies and capital accumulation, widespread expropriation and deprivation of the right of citizens to the city were established. These categories indicate that in the study area (Sanandaj city) the mechanism of institutional policies and market forces through the expropriation of large property and deprivation of rights to the city from citizens, produces and reproduces a kind of inferiority. Thus, "subordination through expropriation" was concluded as the core of study.

"Superheroes" are one of the most important products of popular culture, which with unique costumes and powers, have been spread since the second quarter of the 20th century in comic strips and comic books, and in the last twenty years, they have been one of the dominant filmmaking trends in Hollywood. Regardless of critical views, these films have affected the economic cycle of cinema, and have become a dominant discourse and a common language, so this article is trying to provide a coherent interpretation of them. In this study, based on the ideas of Walter Benjamin, German theorist related to the Frankfurt School, about the disenchantment of myth in modern culture, the anxieties caused by urbanization in superhero movies are focused on, and the psychological, social and political crises after the attack to New York on September 11, 2001, has been examined as one of the most important reasons for the prosperity of this type of cinema. The study method is based on library data, and describing and analyzing the visual and thematic features of the movies adapted from the more well-known superhero characters, including Superman and Batman (from DC) and Spider-Man (from Marvel), separately. In the conclusion of this study, the anxieties caused by the dominance of technology over nature, crime and terrorism, anarchism, the culture industry and human distortion in capitalist society, aliens and the fear of death and the destruction of humanity, is considered as the most important factors in the demythology of superheroes in today's cinema.

How the reciprocal rights and responsibilities of citizens and the government are one of the most essential topics in the soci​al sciences and politics, particularly in contemporary societies. Parallel to the transformation of political and social structures in societies and the emergence of the modern government, the concept of citizenship and the role of the citizen as one of the most crucial social elements in the modern society, as well as the political and social rights and reciprocal responsibilities of the government and citizens, became the focus of social scientists and political philosophers. In this regard, we will analyze the issue of citizenship from the perspectives of Alasdair MacIntyre and John Rawls as representatives of the two approaches, collectivism and liberalism, and compare Farabi's views to these. Farabi's formulation of relations draws people from Medina with the concept of “Ahal al-Madina.” The comparative study of the terms “citizenship” and “citizen” allows for a more accurate comprehension of the relationships between individuals in civil life. In this study, a descriptive, analytic, and comparative investigation of the fundamental components of the concept of citizenship and its related dimensions in the thought of Farabi, Alasdair MacIntyre, and John Rawls has been undertaken. The findings of this study indicate that Rawls and McIntyre have profoundly different views on the framework of the concept of citizenship. However, in certain aspects, such as the priority of the public good over individual rights and interests, Farabi’s and McIntyre’s ideas are similar and closely related.

Happiness is the foundation of many issues and the driving force of societyThat is why all countries try to provide all the necessary elements for happiness if they can not At least take initiatives to lead society to live happily, Actions that can affect the economic, cultural, social and political development of any society.Accordingly, in the present study, we have tried to explain the indicators of a happy city from the perspective of the citizens of Ardabil. The statistical population of the study is citizens over 15 years old in Ardabil in 1400. The sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula of 385 people and the sample was selected using stratified sampling method. Also. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and CODAS methodThe results of CODAS model indicate that different regions of Ardabil do not have the same indicators of a happy city and from this perspective, there are obvious differences between regions. These differences are such that region two with a score of 0.0063 of the total The studied indices are in the first rank, region one with a score of 0.0061 in the second rank, region three with a score of -0.0017 in the third rank, region four with a score of -0.0044 in the fourth rank and finally region five with a score of -0.0064 is in the last rank.

The city is generally known for impersonal social relations, anonymity, self-restraint and superficial and transitory relations. But the city also gives other characteristics such as family ties and kinship, neighborhood and relationships between friends, both overtly and covertly, in the context of self-training. Simmel and Wirth’s approach refers to the impersonal and individualistic relationships of the city, and Gans and Fischer’s approach focuses on family ties and friends, and Jacobs’s approach focuses on the social relationships of neighborhoods. This research seeks to show that there are Gemeinschaft social relations in Hamedan and this hypothesis of modern urban theorists can be disputed. For this reason, structural analysis has been used to analyze social relations. A survey method was used with cluster sampling in four different urban areas with 400 tested questionnaires. dimensions of social relationships including distance and closeness (relationship size); the amount of commuting, desire to commute (number of relationships); Trust, a feeling of friendship and help (relationship intensity). These dimensions have been measured among family, relatives, friends, neighbors and local residents and friends. It is a family analysis unit. Families show a very high level of communication, willingness to communicate, trust, feeling of friendship and helping their family members, close relatives. Although the level of trust and friendship of people with friends is not very high compared to family relations and close relatives, but compared to local residents and neighbors, they have a much better situation. This confirms the hypothesis of the research based on the fact that there are Gemeinschaft social relations in the neighborhoods of the city. At the same time, significant differences can be seen between the mentioned dimensions of social relations between the four urban areas. The affluent area is at a low level in terms of Gemeinschaft relationships and is different from the other three areas.

Men's labor migrations to other countries can affect the fertility rate at the macro and individual levels  Considering the downward trend of the fertility, it is important to pay attention to this phenomenon from the point of view of its effect on the possibility of fertility of women left behind from migration and their post-pregnancy problems. International labor migration of men is one of the most influential factors on left behind women, especially during pregnancy when the mother needs special care of her fetus and her health. Such effects are multiplied in environments with less infrastructural facilities and more traditional culture. The present study was conducted with the phenomenological method in order to comprehensive and deep understand the lived experience of pregnancy of women left behind from migration of their spouses. In order to understand this experience, 14 women from Lar in Fars province, whose husbands have migrated to other countries for work, have been interviewed. The data were collected by semi-structured and in-depth interview method, then analyzed with the help of Collaizi’s method. Based on the content of interviews and the clustering of themes, it is possible to analyze and represent the general structure of the lived experience and perception of these women about the fertility process under two social and Bio-psychological themes.

The processes of urban growth, industrialization, and the collapse of former social formations have weakened the importance and influence of traditional and hereditary rules and conventions, and in this way, space has been opened for other sources of meaning, such as gender, and over time, researchers' attention has been drawn to the study of the city. And the gender has turned. The number and variety of scientific articles published in the field of city and gender is one of the signs of researchers' tendency towards this concept. This article, with a meta-analysis approach, has reviewed related articles that either mention the two concepts of city and gender in the title or keywords, and have been done until 1399 and 2020. Meta-analysis is actually the analysis of analyses. That is, the analysis of a large set of results of individual studies, which is done with the aim of integrating the findings. The multi-dimensional view and the use of composite indicators in conducting the reviewed researches have created the opportunity to be analyzed in three dimensions. The findings indicate that about half of the reviewed researches have used quantitative methods and the rest have used qualitative or mixed methods in data collection and analysis. In all domestic and foreign researches, the dimensions of "gender spaces, gender injustice and gender representation" have received the attention of city and gender researchers more than other dimensions, which includes more researches in the "gender spaces" dimension.

This study aimed to investigate the environmental citizenship of residents aged 18 and older in Shiraz and its relationship with the Cultural capital. Using the survey method, a structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The study sample was 1045 residents of Shiraz who were selected using the cluster sampling method. To evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, factor analysis was used, and Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire. The results showed that the variables of cultural capital, social class, and level of education had a positive and significant relationship at the level of 99% with the environmental citizenship variable. There was a significant difference in environmental citizenship between men and women. Women, high social classes, and Individuals with Ph.D. education had stronger environmental citizenship than other people. In total, the independent variables explained 21.4% of the changes in the dependent variable variance.

In this article, using the semiotic approach, the meaning of graffiti works or murals in Tehran has been discussed. It is a qualitative method that is equipped with a critical and semiotic approach to re-understand urban expressions in order to go beyond the expected meanings of urban murals and with the help of semiotic techniques to graffiti as a social reality. Reach. In the theoretical framework of the theory of representation of reality and also the analysis of discourse as two critical theories that believe that our understanding of works of art is always achieved through the mediation of various factors and those factors in predetermined forms and forms try to be real the findings of the article show that murals as part of the body of the city have always been a point of contention between public space and power structures. The municipality, as a part of its power, considers itself the owner of the city walls and has always sought to legitimize a part through the mythology of concepts, and in the process has marginalized various dimensions of urban reality, so along with painting. Formal murals there are always informal paintings that reflect various areas of urban life. The objective example of this type of painting is the role of women in urban murals.

The occupation of Mosul by ISIS forces and its arduous retake operations marked new dimensions to the civil war of the 21st century. In this study, in order to analyze the effective indicators in the tactics and strategies of Mosul urban warfare, by analyzing the analysis through field study and designing a questionnaire, the 85% reliability of the questionnaire proved that there are four indicators in the tactics and strategies of urban warfare. In order to prioritize the four influential indicators in the implementation of the Mosul operation (occupation and liberation), the non-parametric Friedman test was used. The results showed that with 0.95% confidence at the error level of 0.05, there is a significant difference between the dimensions of the four indicators. Comparing the indicators, it was found that in the implementation of the occupation and liberation operations in Mosul, in the first place: ISIS forces with an average (4.45), in the second place: military and security plans with an average (2.99), in the third place: the population living in the city with Average (4.25) and in the fourth rank: physical and geographical indicators of the city with an average (4.1).

Urban spaces are one of the areas for social, political and local developments to express the demands of citizens. In such a way that sometimes in their context, an indirect urban war is waged in the form of urban unrest; to deal with this abuse, the unrest control approach can be used in urban design and engineering. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of urban engineering design in controlling unrest in Semnan.

The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of type and nature.The statistical sample includes 152 employees of the command of the special unit of Semnan province and experts and experts in the field of municipality, the validity of the questionnaire was made through cronbach's alpha which was used in this study to analyze the data from descriptive and inferential statistics method including ks test, pearson correlation test, error autonomy test, linear test, t test and regression test through spss software program. housing and urban development; In this research, descriptive and inferential statistics through SPSS software program have been used to analyze the data.

The research findings show that the consolidation variable with 41.2 % in the first rank, the monitoring variable with 34.4% in the second rank, the management and maintenance variable with 30.3% in the third rank, the access contron variable with 23.1% in the fourth rank and the territoriality variable with 19.5%, they are in the fifth place in influencing the unrest in Semnan

The results showed that scaled actions of buildings, streets and vulnerable areas to urban unrest can be informed and, if necessary, relocation and redesign of security and key buildings or structures can be undertaken.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the trend of biophilic urban planning theory and its effects on the tranquility and environmental security of cities. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on data collection through survey method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed by the elite community and its reliability was confirmed by using Cronbach's coefficient greater than 0.78. The statistical population of the study consists of experts and specialists in the field of urban planning and urban planning, which due to the lack of accurate statistics in this field, the sample size of 100 experts was considered. Analysis of the results showed that the theory of biophilic urban planning in urban design, planning and management has been significantly equal to 0.000 but the average of these indicators confirms 1.81, 2.53 and 2, respectively, that this theory in development The city has not been used. Also, the result of one-sample t-test showed that biophilic urban planning is effective in reducing stress, reducing social pressure, creating psychological security, creating calm, reducing urban crises and reducing social crimes at a significant level of less than 0.05. The greatest impact of biophilic urban planning has been on reducing urban crises with an average of 3.90 and then creating calm with 3.81. The correlation between urban development index and biophilic architecture with tranquility and environmental security is equal to 0.760, which is a direct correlation. In total, the features of urban planning and biophilic architecture are able to explain 76% of the changes in the dependent variable, ie improving peace and security.

This article has been written with the aim of critical study on the book "Everyday Life of Urban Precariat (2013-2011)" written by Alireza Sadeghi.  This book is considered as a collection of works written in the theoretical-methodological tradition of Bayat and according to the author, it is readable in the continuation of Bayat's book "Street Policies" which was written in 1997. The results of this critical study show that although the information and evidence presented in the book, which has been analyzed in an ethnographic manner, indicate the depth and breadth of this research, the fact is that the book is one of its original examples of "street politics". He has not stepped beyond. Also, showing the negligence and insignificance of the role of the poor in reproducing the inferiority situation and urban irregularities is a point that can be seen in the design and summary of the present book.

The aim of this study is to identify and compare the thematic trends of crime prevention concepts in the three time periods before 2001, Eighties (2001-2010), nineties (2011-2019).

Methodology: 

This research is a scientometric study. Vocabulary analysis and strategic diagram have been done. The research population is 7910 scientific products in the field of crime prevention.

The most important keywords in this area are crime, punishment, criminal, city. The keywords of the 80's (second period) have been 60% different compared to before 2001 and the keywords of the 90's (third period) compared to the 80's (second period) have changed 79%. The most important keywords before 2001 are crime, punishment and delinquency. The most important keywords of the eighties are crime, punishment and criminal, and the most important keywords of the nineties are crime, city and punishment. The overall result of three decades confirms that research in this field before 2001 has a legal approach and sometimes translates and localizes legal knowledge abroad. In the eighties, research has been done more with a sociological approach and cyberspace, and in the nineties, research in the eighties has been analyzed in a more specialized way. The main clusters in this area are crime, mitigation of punishment, crime of conflict of laws, cyberspace, government and citizen security, which can be seen in both mature legal and cultural judicial approaches. General approach Until the eighties, the legal nature of the judiciary, in the eighties and nineties, the rise of socio-cultural nature has grown.

This paper aims to clarify the relationships between religion, consumption and everyday life. In doing so and relying on new social science theories and key relevant scholars we have identified the interconnections between these concepts and have evaluated their importance in contemporary world from different points of views. Drawing on a plural and multidimensional approach, the joint cause and preoccupation of religion and consumption to create a meaningful life has been discussed. we suggest that the modern life subject has been rather represented as an entity capable of constructing this/her own identity. Religion and consumption as manifested in the forms of religiosity and consumerism forces seek to enjoy the exclusive rights to interpret and make meaning of everyday life and thereby to provide identity for a metropolitan subject.  The paper ends reviewing plural, complex and ambiguous and irreducible dimensions of the relationship religion and consumption pose in everyday urban life.

Cities are characterized by their dynamic interaction between social, economic, and biophysicalforces. They are increasingly subject to global influence, so the growth of economic, cultural,and political trends on a global scale is a prerequisite for understanding urban changesaround the world. This paper attempts to provide a conceptual framework to explore thepower relations in the formation of global construction as a discourse without losing insightinto this analysis. This exploration is based on the qualitative changes in various social processesand global scale interactions. This descriptive-analytical study attempts to study thereflections of the economic globalization in shaping the social ecology of Iran’s urban areasand its impacts on geographical and spatial dimensions using a scientific and discursive approach.Considering the situation of Iranian cities and their main reasons for globalization, thisstudy argues that we will witness fundamental changes in the dimensions of social ecology,including demographic, cultural, environmental, and technological aspects in the process ofglobalization.