جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مخارج مصرفی » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

The present article aims to identify the intermediate factors regarding the effect of Islamic teachings on family economic action through an interpretative and multifactorial approach. The method is qualitative and is based on grounded theory method”. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the matter, a semi-structured interview with 16 experts on Islamic economy, Muslim consumer behavior, educational sciences, psychology and sociology and the issue of values and actions has served as the main research tool. The samples were selected through purposive sampling and snowball method, and interviews were conducted to the point of theoretical saturation. Findings of data analysis in this three steps show that factors such as the synergy of the high quality of transfer of teachings from formal and informal education institutes, high quality of the perception of teachings by family members, high quality of family income resources, and faith and belief in the accountability in the Hereafter can create collective order within family based on the subjective value of Islamic economic teaching. The collective order is influenced by "underlying" and "structural" factors and leads to discretion behavior. This paper is also innovative in terms of its profound look into the formation of economic behavior within the family.

efficiency in public sector economic development and social welfare has always been regarded economists. Basically one of the important sections of this study to determine the optimal size and optimal state. Many previous studies examined the effect of government size on economic growth result showed disagreement in this issue that is because of kind of country and location and type of. Government presence in the economy. This article examines the relationship between size of government and human development. This article kind of analytical and econometric approach has been used for inference, statistics and data has been obtained from resources index World Development (WDI), International Financial Statistic (IFS) and the Human Development Index from the Human Development Report United Nations Development Programmed (UNDP). Econometric method to test the method of generalized dynamic (Dynamic Generalized Method of Moments). Statistical population of this study is the oil countries (include Iran) and non-oil developing countries in the period 1990 to 2006. Based on Heiter (2001) study, in this study took the size of the government separately to share consumption spending and capital spending in GDP. After statistical analysis research variable, the model has been estimated. In this model, the Human Development Index used as the dependent variable and the government consumption spending and capital spending that the state government to gain size as the explanatory variable Estimations results show that, in that period, the relationship between the size of government and human development oil countries and non-oil developing countries is positive relationship between government consumptionspending and capital spending The size of the oil countries is bigger than non-oil countries, but for reasons such as deficiency in these communities function, low quality goods and public sector... Government failed to optimize the impact on human development, impact in developing countries, governments have been more.

Improving economic welfare of people and poverty reduction is one of the main goals in economic development plans in all nations. Direct payment or distribution of subsidized commodities is the most well-know way of transferring income to low income groups of society, having long run precedence in both of developing and developed nations. However, due to government limited budget using the subsidies efficiently and leading it toward target groups (the poor) is important. Approaching a way to determine the target groups simply and low costly may be regarded as increment in efficiency of poor-supporting system. The under consideration topic in developing poverty reduction plans is to determine the poor characteristics precisely and to take antipoverty measures accompanied with location oriented policies. Based on the above spokes, this study tries to determine socioeconomic characteristics affecting poverty throughout rural households of Iran. In addition, the welfare changes of rural households was analyzed using real per capita consumption expenditure changes over 2000-2002. In order to analyze the poor characteristics, under poverty line households were recognized using FGT criteria in 2002, then being or not being as poor household was applied as a function of socioeconomic characteristics, 1 for the poor households and 0 for others. The socioeconomics variables are household head’s age, gender, education level and occupation, square of household size, agricultural income, non agricultural income, number of educated individuals, number of occupied individuals, and location variable of province. Logit model was used to analyze the mentioned variables effect on poverty. The data was obtained from Household Survey, conducted by Statistical Center of Iran annually.The sampling method was two-stage random selection. In first stage the provinces including Markazi, Khorasan, Isfahan, Golestan, and Ardabil were selected by cluster classifying, and then the households were selected throughout the provinces randomly. The provinces were also classified based on their per capita expenditure.Findings & Based on the findings, food materials and tobacco with 40% has the highest expenditure share in households’ expenditures and is followed by housing. We also found increased average per capita expenditure in 1382 compared to 1379 throughout all income deciles. Based on the FGT criteria about 79.8% and 45.8% of individuals were regarded as poor in 1379 and 1382 respectively. The estimation results of factors affecting poverty showed that increment in head age, percentage of families headed by men, agricultural monetary and non-monetary revenue, having household heads occupied in agronomy and animal husbandry and education level of household head rise probability of coming up the poverty line, while increase in household size may result in decreased welfare. It was also revealed that there are local differences in rural regions.