جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « نظریه داده بنیاد » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Self-knowledge and its functionality has always been the focus of the scholars of humanities, especially in the field of philosophy. The objective of this paper is to study Imam Khomeini's approach to the subject of self-knowledge and its functions. Grounded theory has been applied in this qualitative study. The statistical population included all sources such as books, lectures, texts and letters of Imam Khomeini. The statistical sample included a total of 62 texts collected through purposeful method from different sources produced by Imam Khomeini related to self-knowledge. From source 48 onwards, the content within the text was repetitive and the data reached theoretical saturation. The data were analyzed through textual analysis within the framework of a conceptual model including the Causal conditions (causes and opportunities); Pivotal factors; Strategies; Underlying factors; Interference factors, facilitators (backers) and inhibitors (barriers), and ultimately consequences (results of self-knowledge). The findings show that a lifestyle consistent with true knowledge of the message of revelation and the program of primordial nature, turn of attention from acquired knowledge to intuitive knowledge and self-purification lead to self-knowledge. As a result of establishing a connection between knowledge of the self and the knowledge of the Lord, the potential talents inherent in human primordial nature are actualized. Hence, the rational soul will be attained and all the powers of the soul, including imagination, anger and lust, will surrender to the sane reason and the prophets’ messages and will turn to merciful armies, and eventually, the position of vicegerency of Allah and eternal happiness (felicity) will be achieved.

The present study aimed to identify the factors contributing to the attraction of young people in the Tehran metropolis to synthetic drug use.

The present research is a qualitative study. The strategy used in this research is the classic grounded theory. The research population included all young people aged 18 to 30 in the Tehran metropolis of both genders (male and female) with a record of synthetic drug use. Sampling was conducted based on purposeful judgmental sampling and continued until theoretical saturation was reached. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 participants (12 men and 5 women), and the results were extracted using coding in three stages: open, axial, and selective.

A total of 184 codes were extracted from interviews with participants. The extracted codes were organized into 41 concepts and 6 categories. The extracted categories include individual- psychological, friends and acquaintances, family, social, economic, and community. The individual-psychological and family categories, with 14 and 12 concepts, respectively have the most concepts.

The results of the research showed that the extracted concepts have a significant impact on the attraction of Tehran metropolis young people to synthetic drug use. Among these categories, the individual-psychological and family have the greatest impact on the synthetic drugs used by young people in Tehran.

One type of criminal theft is petty theft, in which thieves in the capacity of measuring the cost-benefit of the crime, are led to commit it by obtaining financial benefit in the fastest possible time and with minimal risk. Today, petty theft has become a critical phenomenon in the country and its statistics are increasing. In this way, the objective of this work is to investigate the social factors effective in committing petty thefts in Mazandaran province.

This work is conducted via qualitative design and systematic grounded theory. The participants included all petty thieves imprisoned in Tonekabon, Amol, and Sari prisons who met the criteria for this article. Using targeted and available sampling until reaching theoretical saturation, the interviews were analyzed with 15 male prisoners. Then, based on the findings, the conceptual model of the underlying crime factors is determined.

According to the findings of the research, the causal conditions for committing crimes are: "addiction to drugs and their continuous usage" and "long-term and continuous association with abnormal and delinquent friends". Intervening factors in committing crimes include "unfavorable family structure", "inappropriate parenting methods", "low social status of family" and "deterioration of the individual's bond with society". The background conditions of the crime include "life in the prison environment", "poverty and poor economic status", "criminal label", "unemployment" and "low risk of petty theft and ease of selling stolen property". The response or strategy of criminals in dealing with these conditions is "adopting a criminal lifestyle". Finally, the consequences of crimes are: "individual, family and social consequences".

The results of the research indicate that social factors play a significant role in the occurrence of petty theft and identifying these factors facilitates the prevention of the mentioned criminal phenomenon.

Current research sought to understand the Mamauk sub-culture in Zahedan city as a crooked sub-culture, the characteristics that govern the relationships between its members and the wider society, and the behavioral and thought patterns accepted in it from the perspective of its members. This research was conducted using qualitative research approach. Using purposeful sampling and conducting 23 semi-structured interviews were conducted with trained native interviewers or those who had the experience of being a member of the mentioned subculture. The results showed that the participants defined their membership in the form of concepts like Beras-Dari. That is, in the Mamauk group, the members are considered as brothers to whom do “any” thing for the other brother (another member of the group). Membership in the mentioned group was based on internal desire, unfavorable economic conditions, encouragement of relatives, membership of important others, face preservation, and the prevention of oppression. Moreover, they said that the existence of such issues as neighborhood midwifery experience, local pathetic competition, the control and limitation of neighborhood relations makes the ground for fulfilling the membership. Moreover, in facing the upcoming challenges, the participants use such solutions such as persuasion, fierce war, and release and escape. This is a way to reduce the challenges resulting from being a member of the small group. Also, being a member of the Mamauk group has positive consequences (e.g., financial supports, support in conflicts, enjoying in free time, and expanding friendly social relations) and negative consequences (e.g., negative activism, drug addiction, feelings of loss, and making enemies, and social stigma). In general, the findings describe the relationship model of the members through axial form of “victim avoidance”.

Analyzing pro-environmental and destructive behaviors is a critical issue in the field of environmental social sciences. In the literature of environmental sociology, these behaviors are defined in various ways, such as "actions that have a positive or negative impact on the environment" (Stern, 2000), "responsible or irresponsible behaviors to protect or harm the environment" (Thøgersen, 2006), and "actions that are friendly or hostile to the environment and align with the principles of sustainability" (Swanson et al., 2023; Lockie, 2023). At the social level, numerous studies on eco-friendly behaviors, including sustainable consumption (Istrate et al., 2020), waste reduction and recycling (Sharma et al., 2019), and sustainable transportation (Holden et al., 2019), have emphasized the crucial role of family environmental education, particularly in the early stages of childhood. Similarly, research on destructive and harmful environmental behaviors, such as the spread of environmental pollution (Waris et al., 2021), wildlife trafficking (Boroumand & Amiri, 2023), and climate change (McMichael et al., 2006), has revealed the direct and indirect effects of education as a significant root of contemporary environmental challenges. Given the importance of this topic, it is necessary to focus on the process of child socialization and their understanding of human-environment interactions through the process of "education" in the formulation and resolution of environmental crises. The new paradigms in sociology and environmental psychology prioritize environmental education, leading to a renewed emphasis on fostering a moral relationship between humans and their living environment during the socialization process (Barragan-Jason et al., 2023; Boroumand, 2023). The international research literature strongly suggests a significant relationship between children's environmental education by parents and their environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (Iwaniec & Curdt-Christiansen, 2020). However, no study has yet explored the environmental education of Iranian families and parents and its effect on children's cognitive, value, and behavioral systems. This study aimed to address this gap by studying and formulating parents' lived experiences regarding their children's environmental education.

This research employed a qualitative approach, utilizing the Grounded Theory method and semi-structured in-depth interviews, following the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin (1997), which aligns with the socio-interpretivist paradigm.The researchers concurrently collected, classified, and analyzed the research data, creating a storyline from the relationships between the central category and other categories. Since in Grounded Theory, sampling cannot be planned in advance and is based on theoretical saturation, 22 parents (11 couples), who provided rich and comprehensive information to address the research questions, were interviewed using snowball sampling. This allowed for the enumeration of categories and dimensions, as well as the in-depth understanding of the relationships between the categories, enabling presentation of a comprehensive explanatory theory.The analysis of the interview transcripts was conducted in 3 stages: open, axial, and selective coding. In the open coding stage, the data were separated and categorized word by word with a code or concept assigned to each. During the axial coding stage, the raw codes related to each other in terms of characteristics and concepts were placed into subcategories. In this stage, the categories were connected in the form of a network. Finally, in the selective coding phase, the main categories and the core category emerged with the help of the coding results. Throughout the data collection and concept development, these steps were reviewed iteratively.At this stage, the researchers answered the fundamental questions and explained the strategies and consequences of the core phenomenon using the paradigm analysis of three parts of the condition (causal and intervening) and discussed their mutual influence over an extended period. In the final stage, this theory provided a framework that led to the emergence of the results through multiple arguments. The researchers then reconstructed and summarized their findings in a coherent manner to provide useful and informative information for the reader.

The findings of the present study revealed that the causal conditions shaping parents' environmental education were their "reaction to environmental crises", "parental responsibility", "influence of children's interactions with nature in other areas of their lives", and "parents' commitment to the next generation". The background conditions included "parents' childhood experiences of interacting with nature", "ability to experience nature at home", and "parents' religious beliefs". The intervening conditions were "responsibility training for children", "children's health concerns", and "concerns about computer addiction and virtual spaces". The strategies employed by parents were "facilitating play and experimentation in nature", "interpreting nature and providing environmental education", and "encouraging pro-environmental behaviors and discouraging destructive ones". The consequences were "children's practical sensitivity to the environment", "their tendencies to participate more actively in environmental conservation as adults", and "individual development".The core phenomenon extracted from the analysis was "strengthening the children's ecological identity". This aligned with Schultz's (2000) assertion that parents' personal experiences of constructive interactions with nature in childhood and the ability to experience nature at home are crucial factors in the environmental education of children.The strategies identified in the present study's model of parental environmental education are consistent with the findings of previous research in the field of environmental education, such as the studies by Kahn and Kellert (2002), Sobel (2008), and Haj Hosseini et al. (2019), which emphasized the importance of facilitating play and experimentation in nature. Unlike the study results of Aguirre-Bilshuski et al. (2017) in New Zealand where parents reported a lack of sufficient knowledge and information to justify environmental behaviors, the parents interviewed in the present study did not express any self-statements indicating a lack of environmental knowledge. This difference might be attributed to the fact that the sample population in this research consisted of environmental activist parents, who likely had a higher level of environmental knowledge compared to the general population.In conclusion, this study provided a comprehensive understanding of the factors, strategies, and consequences involved in the environmental education of children from the perspective of parents. The findings contribute to the existing literature on environmental education and can inform the development of more effective programs and policies to promote environmental stewardship among children and families.

The idea of ​​media governance despite the growth and expansion of media in collective and social dimensions has been strengthened to the extent that it is said that in the near future, media and governance in this area will be considered the most challenging issue of the country. Therefore, the necessity of drawing an effective policy framework for dynamic media governance is emphasized. The necessity of raising this issue is also because we know that the media challenges from the enemies of the Islamic Republic of Iran system are increasing day by day, and therefore we need dynamic media governance and policy making in this field. This issue has received more attention due to the idea of ​​media deterrence.In fact, the country of Iran has always been and is the target of attacks by the enemies, due to its religious dimensions and revolutionary inspirational framework; Especially, with the growth of media in collective and social dimensions, the extent of these attacks in this field is more visible. Therefore, with the expansion of the influence of mass and social media, the importance of management in this field is emphasized more. According to such a problem, the importance of deterrence in the field of media is raised. The media governance approach is also emphasized.However, what is being questioned from the perspective of academic and elite studies is what kind of policy framework can be imagined for media governance and also whether the media field is receptive to the concept of governance or not? From another point of view, is it possible to imagine a policy framework and model for media governance, and if so, how is this possible? Also, what challenges will there be in this path? These issue-oriented questions are becoming more frequent due to the fact that a policy framework and model for media governance has not yet been considered. In addition, conceptualization in this field has not been done due to the newness of the field. Therefore, the issue of examining the challenges of drawing a policy model in media governance is considered more. As far as the issue of media governance is raised.With the aim that if the Islamic Republic of Iran is going to experience a favorable media governance in the path of realizing the new Islamic civilization, it should have a policy model in this direction. It is obvious that there are definitely challenges in the way of realizing and formulating this model.Therefore, the purpose of this article is to emphasize the necessity and attention to media governance and examine the threats, requirements and challenges that should be considered in the political path. Therefore, in this article, an attempt has been made to answer the main question, what are the challenges in designing the political model of media governance in the country? In this regard, the qualitative method of in-depth interview and foundational data theory is used to advance the research. In order to further investigate and deepen the issue, as well as to maintain a distance and avoid prejudice, with a set of experts and professors in the field of media policy and management, in the form of an in-depth and open interview, information was obtained on the subject in question, and finally in the form of a method Ground theory was launched; It is obvious that what is meant by grounded theory is the theory derived from the data collected systematically during the research process. In fact, instead of starting the study from a preconceived theory, it is calculated from the analyzed data. The work process was such that after a lot of study and review, and benefiting from the opinions of consultants and experts in the field of media policy, an in-depth interview process was conducted with 12 of the experts; The interview with snowball sampling progressed to the point that after talking with the tenth person, the data reached the saturation stage and the interviewees did not bring up anything new. The theoretical sampling guide is the questions and comparisons that are made during the analysis. and the analysis of interviews with people were revealed and led to the discovery of appropriate categories, characteristics and dimensions. In the grounded theory method, the process of going back and forth between data and their analysis is done continuously and continues until theoretical saturation is reached. Also, before coding, the typed interview text was returned to the interviewee to review and confirm the concepts if they are correct. Also, expert supervision technique was used. Finally, coding was developed in the form of a paradigm model composed of background conditions, causal conditions and intervening conditions, processes and consequences around the central category. Based on the findings of this article, discursive, political, institutional, cultural and elite, legal and emerging phenomena components are among the challenging axes in the field under investigation.in fact, The data obtained from elite opinions indicated that 7 discursive, cultural, legal, scientific and academic, political, institutional and emerging components are known as challenges in the field of designing a political model of media governance. The opinion of the elites was also confirmed that media governance is a multifaceted category that requires the creation of effective media infrastructures and then institutions and finally strengthening the media policy cycle. To achieve this goal, experts have proposed strategies such as: strengthening the media, convergence between media policymakers, and increasing synergy between the media and the public. According to the opinion of the elites, the conditions of the policy cycle in the field of media are related to discourse, meaning and concept, which should be fluidly and purposefully strengthened. In the meantime, if we take advantage of the rich concepts and popular goals such as moving towards a new Islamic civilization, the direction of the media will be more effective and, as a result, the result will be achieved faster. In general, we need a stable and strong media for media governance, and we need good policies to model. We must consider everything that was raised in the mining challenge as a prerequisite for obtaining strong tools and a policy platform so that we can reach the field of conceptualization in the field of governance

The main goal of the current study is to design a policy-making model for the development of the Internet of Things in Iran’s banking industry. This research was conducted qualitatively using the grounded theory. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. In this regard, 10 interviews were conducted with experts and managers in the field of banking and financial sciences according to the research topic. Then, based on the theoretical systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin in the three main steps of open coding, central coding and selective coding, the policy-making of Internet of Things transformation in the banking industry was presented. The results of coding the interviews showed that the policy includes three main components of the supply chain, perceived ease and security and privacy. The causal factors that create the Internet of Things in banks are mainly related to 4 types of scientific infrastructure, technical infrastructure, management infrastructure and communication infrastructure. Among the infrastructures, the technical infrastructure is more important and after that, the infrastructure and management platforms have been considered very important by the experts.

Profession and job are the important parts of a person's identity, indicating his/her position in the society. It is referred to as professional identity. The professional identity of teachers in Iran is facing serious challenges and we are indeed experiencing a crisis in their professional identity. In today's Iranian society, the teaching profession has become ordinary and inferior. Research documents demonstrate that the current situation has significantly decreased teachers' desire for productive work and professional affiliation. Lack of motivation, work scarcity, excessive fatigue, interest in leaving teaching profession, and feelings of regret for choosing this career have increased among teachers. Social and cultural elites have emphasized the critical importance of the professional identity of Iranian teachers. However, this issue has received less theoretical and empirical attention in Iran. Considering the problematic nature of professional identity and the existing research literature in this field, it is necessary to take a fresh look at this issue. Let's explore what teachers truly think about their identity and what they mean by their professional identity from their own perspectives. Additionally, let's examine the conditions and factors that are effective in the formation of teachers' professional identity. The professional identity of teachers is influenced by what processes it follows and how it is formed This research was conducted among teachers in Yazd City due to the educational structure of Yazd Province. It has consistently achieved the best position in the national entrance exam for the past 27 years, thus being affected by the issue of the national entrance exam. Based on the theoretical framework of this research, identity is formed during a social process and through social interactions. It is a dynamic matter that is constantly subject to change. In the approach of social identity, individuals do not simply consider different groups as the defining reference for their identity. Instead, they actively engage in this field and the ideas they have about their profession give rise to different thoughts and emotions, which in turn have varying effects on their performance. Since this research aimed to investigate the process and formation of teachers' approach to profession, Kathy Charmaz's constructivist approach was utilized. This approach places emphasis on diverse local worlds, multiple realities, and complexity of specific worlds, viewpoints, and actions. It also focuses on people's views, values, beliefs, feelings, assumptions, and ideology.

The current research adopted an interpretive paradigm and utilized a qualitative methodology. Among the various methods of qualitative research, the contextual theory strategy (Kathy Charmaz's structuralist approach) was employed. The sampling method used in this research was theoretical and purposeful. The target population consisted of teachers in Yazd City, who were selected from different educational levels with varying work records and fields of expertise. The sample size included 20 individuals. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured in-depth interviews with each interview lasting an average time of 120 to 180 min. The process of sample collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved, meaning that no new information was obtained from the interviewees. Line-by-line analysis was employed to analyze the data. The coding method involved primary codes, focused codes, and theoretical codes, from which the research categories were derived. Measures were taken to ensure the research validity and reliability.

Discussion of Results & Conclusion   

The research results indicated that individual and social factors played a significant role in entering the teaching profession. The integration of subjective, mental, and social elements was crucial for a conscious and voluntary decision to become a teacher. However, the students' perceptions of working conditions and the teachers’ low status had led some individuals to feel reluctant about entering this profession, stating that they were drawn to it unwillingly. According to the theoretical model of this research, the individuals shaped their professional identity throughout their professional journey influenced by interactions with educational, political, economic, and social systems. Through their engagement with the educational system, they had come to understand that being a teacher entailed possessing knowledge, commitment, taking action, engaging in interactions, upholding ethics, and pursuing professional goals and ideals. Additionally, their experiences in schools and classrooms had contributed to the development of their attitudes towards their profession, which could be categorized as 1) fears and worries and 2) sufferings and hardship of teaching profession.  Furthermore, their interactions with various social, economic, and political systems had led them to perceive their professional identity as being economically inferior. They expressed a lack of professional authority and freedom, feeling like tools for implementing the goals and ideologies of the political system and experiencing a weak social position.Overall, based on the aforementioned conditions and contexts, the category of the decline of teachers' identity dissatisfied both objectively and subjectively had emerged. Teachers claimed that they lacked a desirable professional identity as their position and status within their professional identity were declining and they were dissatisfied with their situation. They perceived a decline in their social status and held a negative view towards the future of teaching profession. Additionally, they expressed dissatisfaction with their living conditions. Based on the research findings, several actions could be suggested to revitalize teachers' identity. These included improving teachers' living conditions, ensuring a balanced approach to development of the education and learning system by the government, reducing the pressure of external control, and providing teachers with a quality support.

This study aims to design a native model of social responsibility in digital marketing in small online retail businesses in Iran. The present research is an applied research in terms of purpose and a qualitative research method in terms of data collection method. The statistical population in the qualitative section included 11 experts. The main tools for data collection in the field include semi-structured interviews. The GROUNDED theory approach using MAXQDA software was used to analyze qualitative data and present a paradigm model. Based on the results of qualitative analysis, six categories of factors including causal conditions, underlying factors, strategies, pivotal phenomena, intervening factors and consequences were identified. Targeted marketing was identified as the main category in relation to the context. In relation to causal conditions, two main categories were identified, including moral responsibility and environmental responsibility. In relation to digital marketing as a central phenomenon of research, the indicators of giving customers the right to choose, retaining customers, providing services in accordance with customer demands, establishing appropriate relationships and relationships/////////// with customers, and creating value for customers were identified. Commercialization strategies were identified as the main category of strategies and actions. Competitiveness of companies has been identified as the most important intervention factors; and economic development and service quality improvement were identified as the main categories of outcomes.

The task of the sociology of religion is to know the various ways of using religion that people use. Therefore, religiosity is the benefit and application of religion in the context of people's daily lives, which has found various forms according to their economic and social situation. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the state of religiosity of the new middle class. This research has been conducted with a qualitative approach and grounded theory method. The participants in this research are religious activists of the new middle class in Shahrekord, who were selected through purposeful sampling. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with sixteen people in this class. In order to analyze the data, open, axial, and selective coding methods were used, and Guba and Lincoln’s criteria were used to ensure validity and reliability. The resultes show nineteen selected categories in the form of a paradigmatic model with a main category (secularization of religious activism of the new middle class), causal conditions (modernism, rationalism, scientism, individualism, and materialism), background conditions (non-mandatory religious socialization), intervention conditions (high socioeconomic status), strategies (rational religiosity, modern religiosity, ethical religiosity, selective religiosity, and secular religiosity), and consequences (decrease the role of religion in daily life, worldly attitude towards religion, self-diagnosis in religious matters, religious tolerance, desacralization, and tendency towards new spiritualities) are organized. The results show that although the religiosity of the new middle class has taken different forms and distances from its traditional form, religious elements have not yet disappeared from the collective mentality of this class and are accompanying it.

The aim of this study is to investigate the areas of underdevelopment of Kurdistan province in the area of water based on the theories of socio-economic underdevelopment and local development, as well as to provide solutions based on the development of Kurdistan province to activate the areas that drive the development of the province (water) and eliminate its obstacles.The method utilized in this study is ground theory, the data collection instrument is semi-structured interviews with elites in the water sector of the Kurdistan province, and the data analysis method is thematic analysis.Kurdistan province is currently in a state of underdevelopment in the water sector, as evidenced by the study's findings. The most significant areas, factors, and consequences of underdevelopment in the water sector of Kurdistan province are: climatic changes, lack of integrated water management, lack of credit, inattention of the academic elite and representatives to the water issue of the province, natural barriers to exploitation, and a reduction in the share allocated to fisheries and agriculture and issues caused by the transfer of water from dams to other areas (transfer between basins).The research reveals that the most significant development advantages of the province’s water sector are the relative advantage of exploitable water and its storage, vast rain-fed lands, the development of modern irrigation systems and agricultural activities, water tourism, and the development of fisheries and aquatic activities. In general, water can serve as one of the important drivers of development in Kurdistan province and activate other development capacities, such as agriculture, tourism, mines, and industry

One of the topics discussed in policy studies is the use of future-oriented approaches and the use of future research knowledge and tools. It is a matter of consensus that if policy studies are done without relying on future-oriented approaches, successive gaps and deficiencies in the policy cycle will become frequent. This issue is more important in cultural policymaking due to the importance of the category of culture and due to the layered nature of uncertainties and variables. However, there have always been challenges in the relationship between the knowledge of future research and policy making, which has made the platform for policy making use of future research unbalanced. The purpose of this article is to examine the challenges of using future research knowledge in the policy cycle, and the main question is what challenges are there in the process of using future research knowledge in the cultural policy cycle?To advance the research, the library method and the qualitative method of in-depth interviews and the data theory of the foundation have been used. This research has been written with a practical approach, based on its findings, the challenges of using futures research knowledge in the context of policymaking are more related to the lack of scientific institutionalization of futures research than it is related to the institutional and political levels, which is directly and indirectly related to the educational culture component It is related.

Human sciences have a vital role for society and its progress. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to design a process model for the transformation and promotion of humanities in the university from the perspective of the Supreme Leader. The approach of qualitative research and its method was grounded theory. The study data were collected and analyzed from 34 speeches of the Supreme Leader among students, elites, researchers, scholars and professors of the seminary and universities from 1979 to 1997, which are available on his dedicated website. The method of data analysis was coding and categorization, which was done in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. To ensure the validity of the research, strategies of peer review, participatory and researcher reflectivity were used. The results showed that the "core category" includes the "localization and Islamization of the humanities." Also, the most important "causal conditions" included: self-confidence and redoubled effort, learning without imitating Western science and avoiding being a student, support and investment, needs assessment and careful planning of humanities, and criticism, liberalism, and theorizing. In addition, "contextual conditions" included the nature of the humanities, the status of the humanities, appropriate acceleration, the competence of individuals to bring about change, and "environmental conditions" included Western worldview, Islamic worldview, and Western stoning. . "Strategies" also included balancing the export and import of science. The "consequences" represented social reform, Islamic civilization, and the discourse of science production.

News sites are among the mass media that have grown exponentially to facilitate the use of web technology. Now, with the advent of social media and the changing news audience consumption, news sites have lost some of their audience. But having an editorial process and more credibility than social media has still kept them as popular news media. Turning news sites into news authorities is one of the concerns of news site managers. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to present a pattern of authority in news websites. The research method was the qualitative method of data grounded theory and the method of data collection was in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 16 managers, editors and reporters of news sites and news agencies, as well as media experts. finally pattern of authority for news sites is presented. The categories that form the presented pattern include: competitive environment of news sites, media trust (main phenomenon), increasing media credibility (strategy), attractiveness of news site design (intervening conditions), audience behavioral tendencies (context) and news authority as a consequence of this pattern.

Working children are part of the future capital and hopes of the country, which in the best days of their lives have to strive for livelihood. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that cause and expand the harm of employment of working children in Tehran and to investigate its complications. This study was conducted with a qualitative approach, based on the data-based method and with a semi-structured interview tool. Targeted sampling was of 14 working children in Tehran. The results of the analysis of the interviews led to the identification of 40 open codes, 7 central codes and the selected code "working child, neglect of hope-making future".According to the findings, the factors affecting the creation and increase of working children included factors such as poor differentiation and physical disability, lack of parental care and support for the child, poverty and lack of support for low-income families. . Some effects of this injury were also identified, including weakened self-concept, running away from home, workplace abuse, and a predisposition to delinquency. It is hoped that with deeper studies of the employment dimensions of working children and the use of effective strategies, the path of growth and prosperity of these children will be paved and we will not see any violation of human rights in any child in the world.

women play an important role in consumer products hence, Analysis of Women requirements within social networks and variables Shaping their purchase behavior would be beneficial for business owners in order to provide better product and services and attain more sustainable relationship with their customers. This research is aiming to recommend a social commerce model for women purchase behavior using qualitative Corbin and Strauss (2015) ground theory method. This research can be considered as applied research. in order to collect research data a seven stage Sadowski and Baroso (2007) method is used, then after implementing open, axial and selective coding, a new model was introduced. Based on acquired results, final model contains 5 main causal variables, 3 main intervening variables, 3main contextual (Demographic) variables and finally 2 main consequential variables. The results of this research can be beneficial for E-commerce and traditional business owners in order to boost their profitability and to have sustainable relation with their customers.

This research aims at the attitude towards the meaning of child among couples who live in Tehran in the 2011-2020. Todays changes and transformations that have occurred in the field of the family is a multi-causal matter, one of the most important of these causes is the identity changes in the young generation and young couples. These developments are inevitable and necessary for the world that surrounds us. Accordingly, a large part of gender roles and traditional and relatively fixed identity sources have lost their priority for today’s modern man and have provided him with newer possibilities for presenting himself and feeling valuable. The couple’s attitude towards the child (as one of these transformations), as much as it is an individual or marital decision and choice, can be a construction of the change of the couple’s identity in the new era, in both ways (whether they want child or not) will have different consequences on the couples of the last decade compared to the couples of previous generations. The method of this data theory is the foundation. The data required for this research is the result of a semi-structured interview with 24 young couples living in Tehran. The method of selecting the participants is purposeful and accessible and determining their number upon reaching the saturation stage has been determined. Based on the results of the research, the central phenomenon of “priority of freedom over constraint”, as the general axis of the research, explains the attitude towards children among young couples.

The purpose of this research is to present an Islamic-Iranian model for teaching based on the teaching narrative of leading professors. The research method is grounded theory. The participants of the research are 33 leading professors in the fields of humanities of Tehran public universities. To analyze the data obtained from semi-structured interviews, open, axial and selective coding along with narrative analysis has been used. To increase the validity of the findings, the method of checking the participants and three strains were used. The findings show that the central category in the teaching of professors is the Islamic and Iranian indicators, beliefs and values that have been formed in them over the years. These factors are formed under the influence of such things as growth environment, modeling the teaching of popular professors, personality traits, using successful national and international teaching experiences, their teaching experiences, passing teaching courses or teacher training courses. Leading professors in their Islamic-Iranian teaching model, which has 5 main parts, seek to motivate, interact and participate, support, grow, consider the student's abilities and conditions and facilities, appropriate and continuous evaluation of themselves and the student in various ways, practical making the topics, curriculum planning and lesson plan appropriate, influencing policies, rules and regulations to support teaching, culture and succession to be able to achieve the best educational results.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the conditions governing individuals' supportive actions and strategies. Based on the conceptual framework, supportive action has been studied from different perspectives and based on the method of contextual theory, in-depth interviews have been conducted with 22 residents of Mashhad regarding different experiences of supportive action and their reasons for taking supportive action. Since in the present study, achieving more in the perspective of actors has been considered, targeted sampling has been used. The main criterion for selecting participants is the experience of the studied phenomenon. For this purpose, first, indicators such as religious views, age group, education, income and economic background were identified so that completely different examples could be considered based on them. The interviews were coded at three levels: open, central, and selective, and finally identified 35 main categories that fall into four categories: conditions (causal, interventional, and contextual), action strategies, consequences, and main categories. Based on the analysis of the findings of this study, the core category is "Combining pre-modern semantic perception and modern tools in advancing Supportive action", which includes another core category is entitled "Transition from a family-oriented and religious duty to community-oriented and social responsibility based Supportive action".