جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کارافرینی » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Villages in Iran are susceptible to water scarcity, drought, agricultural deterioration, and ultimately, dispersal and depopulation. In the interim, rural entrepreneurship may contribute significantly to rural unemployment reduction and economic expansion. The purpose of this article is to examine rural entrepreneurship in the villages of the province of Hamedan in order to illustrate the obstacles entrepreneurs face in their efforts to expand and develop small and medium-sized enterprises. Eighteen entrepreneurs were interviewed in four localities of the province for this purpose.The necessary data and qualitative study methodology were acquired via comprehensive interviews conducted with entrepreneurs. Coding of the data was performed with MAXQDA software.Drawing from the outcomes of multiple coding stages and structural and macroeconomic challenges and obstacles associated with the nation’s macroeconomy, the most significant impediments to the growth of the examined enterprises can be classified into five overarching concepts and categories. These encompass “needs-based entrepreneurship”, “incomplete branding”, “progress with double work”, “limited networking” together with “family-oriented.”The results indicate that in the society under study, rural entrepreneurship is established in response to necessity rather than opportunity. Entrepreneurs who established a company to fulfill necessities such as employment and financial security. These enterprises are exclusively owned and operated by the entrepreneur’s family, with the majority of personnel not being affiliated with the enterprise. Furthermore, these enterprises are conventionally managed,devoid of any innovative or creative practices that could enhance output and productivity

Knowing the ambivalence elements of entrepreneurship in different organizations, especially the technical and vocational organization plays an important role in improving the state of this educational system. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyzing the ambivalence elements of entrepreneurship in the technical and vocational organization of the country. 

In a descriptive research from type of correlation were analyzed the ambivalence elements of entrepreneurship. For this purpose, the research population was all the employees of technical and vocational organization of Golestan province with number of 500 people, which the sample size based on Cochran's formula was estimated to be 217 people, which these people were selected by simple random sampling method. The tool of the current research was the questionnaire of the ambivalence elements of entrepreneurship in the technical and vocational organization, which the data were analyzed with the methods of exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in SPSS and Smart PLS software. 

The findings of this study indicated that the ambivalent elements of entrepreneurship in technical and vocational organizations were included 14 elements of market orientation, market analysis, use of creativity, continuous problem solving, knowledge sharing, knowledge absorption capacity, strategic planning, continuous sourcing, flexible organization, continuous learning, managerial expertise, financial support, capable human resources, environment dynamism, ambivalence and the results that the factor load of all of them was higher than 0.50, the average variance extracted of all of them was higher than 0.60, and the Cronbach and combined reliability of all of them was higher than 0.80. Also, the model of analyzing the ambivalence elements of entrepreneurship in the technical and vocational organization of the country had a good fit and the coefficient of all paths was significant (P<0.05). 

According to the results of this study, it is necessary to plan to improve the ambivalence of entrepreneurship in the technical and vocational organization of the country through the identified elements.

Women play an important role in promoting entrepreneurial activities and improving the economic status of society. The entry of women into the business space is motivated by necessity or opportunity. Necessity women's entrepreneurship as unproductive entrepreneurship and opportunity women's entrepreneurship is known as productive entrepreneurship. Businesses of opportunity female entrepreneurs have a longer and more stable life cycle than those of necessity entrepreneurs due to their high entrepreneurial capabilities and various human, social, and financial capitals, and they reach the stage of established entrepreneurship and therefore contribute greatly to economic growth and development. However, necessity entrepreneurs due to their lower entrepreneurial capabilities and lack of access to all kinds of capital, are prevented from reaching the stage of established entrepreneurship and do not contribute much to the economy. The aim of the present study is to identify the factors affecting the transition of necessity female nascent entrepreneurs to established entrepreneurship. This research is applied in terms of its purpose and exploratory in terms of its nature. The statistical population of the research consists of 15 necessity female nascent entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship specialists from Poldakhter city, Lorestan province, who were selected in a purposeful way. The findings of the research showed that the main themes of financial support, Appropriate laws and tax system, access to empowering centers, technical and commercial infrastructure, formal and informal education, social capital, business management competencies, social status, market freedom, traits and psychological capital are effective in the transition of necessity female nascent entrepreneurs to established entrepreneurship

The proclivity of women with university education towards employment in government and private organizations is an undeniable trend. However, a notable phenomenon that deserves further exploration is the growing interest and enthusiasm of some women in entrepreneurship and establishing their own businesses. This study employed a qualitative and interpretive phenomenological approach, utilizing semi-structured in-depth interviews with 14 female university graduate entrepreneurs, to investigate the importance of small and medium-sized entrepreneurship as a crucial platform for effective policy-making in the field of women and to restore their socio-economic role. This type of research is vital due to the pressing need to promote women's social participation and decrease the unemployment rate of university-educated women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to comprehend the reasons behind the inclination of university-educated women towards small and medium-sized entrepreneurship and to listen to their narratives. The research findings reveal four major themes that have emerged from the interviews, namely “feminine creativity flourishing,” “entrepreneurship as a connecting bond of multiple identities of women,” “dwindling of women's confidence and creativity,” and “entrepreneurship as a win-win game.” These themes reflect the lived experiences of female entrepreneurs and the challenges they confront in entrepreneurship. Overall, the findings indicate that the lack of social structures supporting women and their low official employment rates have driven them to create new self-made social structures, such as entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship has the potential to define the field of activity and the role of women in expressing their abilities and skills, as well as their socio-economic participation. Based on this, policymakers are urged to take entrepreneurship among women seriously, as it can play a crucial role in empowering and enabling women to participate effectively in society and the economy.

In the narrative of economic actors, entrepreneurs and managers, some romantic elements and concepts are defined by the endorsement of a specific kind of economic discipline. In this structural order and definition, the economic status of individuals is considered rational, normal,, balanced, and logical. This definition depends on risk-taking, ideation, potential, and imagination implementation in the business context. The entrepreneurial ecosystem applies the romantic perspective principles and creates perceptions and norms contagiously by giving priority to genius. In this context, failure and its consequences are individualistic issues and concerns. Meanwhile, new heroes have emerged. These heroes have characteristics and signatures that can be considered a model. The ecosystem introduces and defines a new precious act. In the present study, it has been tried to depict genius and Iranian entrepreneurs using narrative research methods and semi-structured interviewing. We interviewed directly economic actors, such as founders and CEOs of startups, investors, innovative incubator centers, traditional entrepreneurs, and benevolent. This qualitative research focused on identifying and exploring the genius, economic romanticism, and aestheticization of economics theoretically. Our findings indicate that many narratives of the entrepreneurial ecosystem are compatible with the romantic act, while the sentimentality and opportunism of romanticism undermine the significance of the context.

In today's societies, the continuation of the development and advancement of societies depends on the capacities of entrepreneurship in the human resources of each country. Therefore, paying attention to effective and influential factors on the expansion and strengthening of the entrepreneurial process is very important.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of cultural capital in developing entrepreneurial capacities.

The present study was conducted using a questionnaire with a sample size of 405 students among Tabriz University students at all levels in the academic year of 1994-94. A random stratified sampling method was used for analyzing the data SPSS software is also used.

The results of the research showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between cultural capital and entrepreneurship capacity development. That is, by increasing each of the variables of cultural capital, it is possible to increase the level of students' entrepreneurship. Also, the results indicate a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of cultural capital and the dimensions of entrepreneurship. The average score of the students' score for the entrepreneurial potential, average to high, and for the average cultural capital variables. The pragmatism has the highest average for the potential of entrepreneurship and the cultural and social tendencies of the most average among the dimensions of cultural capital. Also, the results of multivariate regression showed that the level of entrepreneurship most affected by the variable of cultural and social interactions.

The process of creating a business in the new world is one of the focal points for creating micro and medium economic development. In fact, the importance of creating a platform to create a suitable environment for business growth is one of the concerns of today in the field of entrepreneurship. In the meantime, the business creation team or in other words, the founding team is of special importance and its study can show the variables that cause the success or failure of a business. Thinkers in various fields have repeatedly noted the importance of culture in entrepreneurship, but it seems that this direct impact should be more carefully studied about the founding team and the cultural characteristics that can underlie business development. The element of culture should be actively present in the patterns of entrepreneurship, because the attitude of entrepreneurs is influenced by the methods and values ​​of indigenous culture. Culture, in addition to attitude, also affects perception and behavior. attitude of entrepreneurs is influenced by the methods and values ​​of indigenous culture. Culture, in addition to attitude, also affects perception and . attitude of entrepreneurs is influenced by the methods and values ​​of indigenous culture. Culture, in addition to attitude, also affects perception and

It is not simple at all to answer as why some people become entrepreneurs while others don't. Most researchers have accepted this puzzle and defined entrepreneurship in various ways, thus, making it a controversial term to develop theories around it. In the midst of contradictory ideas in the field of entrepreneurship, the contribution of social sciences such as sociology and economics is significant. However, their perspectives on the subject differ. Sociology sees individual agency as more significant than social factors, while economics assumes the opposite. This has led to the dual perception of under-socialized and over-socialized, with both being incomplete. This duality can be compared to the blind description of an elephant in the dark - each person touches the elephant from different angles and presents own point of view to refute the other. This article aims to explain this duality and approaches of sociology and economics towards the issue of entrepreneurship. It is theoretical in nature and explores the path that flows between the two opposite poles, using the new economic sociological paradigm. This approach aims to go beyond the duality of under-socialized and over-socialized perceptions, allowing for a better understanding of entrepreneurship in its social and historical contexts.

The present research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the value factors that influence entrepreneurs in the online space on the intention of users' behavior in online shopping. This research is applied in terms of its purpose and in terms of method, it is a little that compares to the statistical population of users who They have paid online at least 3 times a year. The research data has been collected using Cronbach's alpha test questionnaire, which consists of 25 questions, and in the next step, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated, and its value was 1. In the next step, after collecting the data, the next step, which includes analysis And the data analysis has been done in two sections, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, and in the inferential statistics section, after determining the distribution of variables at the target community level, the structural equation model has been done with the help of PLS software. The results show that behavioral attitude, mental norms and behavioral control have a positive effect on users' purchase intention. The purchase intention of users has a direct effect on the behavior of users, and behavioral control has a positive effect on consumer behavior.

The upcoming research has been carried out in order to investigate the effect of new marketing capabilities on the level of organizational entrepreneurship of information and communication technology start-up companies. The statistical population of the current research consisted of managers and experts working in selected companies active in this field, and based on statistics, the number of these people was 257. Among these, 101 people were selected as members of the statistical sample using Charles Cochran's formula and simple random sampling method. The data collection tool in this research was a questionnaire consisting of 50 questions that used standard questionnaires for each variable and the answers were based on a 5-point Likert scale. In the end, the results of the research showed that the new marketing capabilities in the mentioned companies have a positive and significant effect on the level of organizational entrepreneurship. It should be mentioned that this research is in terms of the purpose of using the type of applied research and in terms of collecting descriptive-survey information and of the type of documentary and field studies.

The aim of this research is to investigate the role of families of origin and self-made families on the entrepreneurship of women with higher education. This goal is important because of the effect of women's entrepreneurship on improving the economic and social status of society; therefore, due to the need for research, conducting this research becomes necessary.

Qualitative research was conducted with grounded theory method, descriptive-analytical naturalistic approach, and semi-structured in-depth interview tool. The participants include women entrepreneurs who have graduated from higher education and living in Tehran and informants who were selected through targeted and consecutive sampling with the snowball technique and the interviewees of the study reached saturation with 52 people. For data analysis, using the three-step coding technique (open, central, and selective), concepts, categories, and themes were obtained that formed the content of the paradigmatic model and the narrative of the story. Rethinking, repeatability, and verification techniques have been used to determine validity and reliability.

The findings indicate the influence of the family of origin in creating cultural-developmental, communicative-adaptive, and emotional capital in the entrepreneur; Also, by playing the role of education, model, motivation, opportunity, and support they lead them to entrepreneurship, willingly or unwillingly. Self-made families are also effective in their entrepreneurship by playing exemplary, motivational, opportunity, and support roles.

Considering the effect of two types of families, the families of origin can provide a suitable socialization platform for women by modifying the "adaptive-communicative" style and expanding the "development-oriented" culture. Self-made families also provide them with opportunities for stimulation with economic, social, and cultural support.

For the empowerment of women in the Mohammadieh region with varying levels of skills, knowledge, and literacy, it is possible to recommend suitable employment opportunities based on the investigated capacities and potentials. Due to the fact that this region was already rural, the women of this area are better able to perform certain tasks and activities, such as the preparation of homemade dairy products, basic sewing, packaging and processing of edible items and spices. These activities do not necessitate a great deal of capital, and all women can readily manage them

Entrepreneurship is one of the ways of employment and the development of entrepreneurial culture is the important approaches of advanced societies. Islamic art is the most important fields in the Islamic world and the importance of the Islamic religious and cultural structure creates the need for the expansion of entrepreneurship in the Islamic region. Designing and manufacturing usage furniture and utensil such as mirror frames is one of the approaches in the entrepreneurship fields and this product has an important usage position in homes, places and architecture. also It has been proposed as purposes that recognition the importance of entrepreneurship in the Islamic art with the focus on designing and manufacturing metallic mirror frame with usage the concepts of Islamic art, culture and philosophy and also identification how and importance of reflection the concept of light in design and aesthetic structure of metal mirror frame. In this regard, library and documentary and field information have been studied qualitatively and experimental with descriptive-analytical approach and the information is collected taking notes and using a camera and the Internet, and observing and acquiring experimental and practical skills. The results show that it is possible to design and making the the mirror frame by maintaining the structural coordination of the usage product and coordination of Islamic semantics and this product has been make inspired by the concept of light in Islamic philosophy and wisdom and the use of symbolic motifs including solar, Khatai and Arabesque motifs and the number 12.

Considering the importance of entrepreneurship in the metaverse era, especially with a future research approach, the present research was conducted with the aim of establishing an entrepreneurial model with a future research approach in the metaverse era in knowledge-based companies in the field of information technology. The current research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The research population in the qualitative part was university faculty members and managers of knowledge-based companies in the field of information technology, which number of 17 people of them according to the principle of theoretical saturation were selected as a sample by purposive sampling method. The research population in the quantitative part was the employees and managers of knowledge-based companies in the field of information technology in 29 major cities of Iran country with number of 45331 people, which according to Cochran's formula, the sample size was calculated 184 people, and considering the possible losses, 200 people of them were selected as a sample by available sampling method. The research tools in the qualitative and quantitative parts respectively were the semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire (51 items), which the validity of the interviews was confirmed by the triangulation method and its reliability was calculated by the agreement coefficient method between two coders 0.88, and the face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the opinion of experts and its reliability was confirmed by the Cronbach's alpha method was calculated 0.92. The qualitative part data were analyzed with open, axial and selective coding method based on grounded theory in MAXQDA-2018 software and the quantitative part data were analyzed with exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling methods in SPSS-23 and SMART PLS-4 software. The findings of the qualitative part showed that the establishing an entrepreneurial model with a future research approach in the metaverse era in knowledge-based companies in the field of information technology had 293 concepts, 47 sub categories and 17 main categories in 6 dimensions; So that the causal conditions dimension were included 11 sub categories in the 4 main categories of balance between opportunity exploration and creating competitive advantage, innovation development, growth prospects and benefiting from scientific and strategic approaches, the background conditions dimension were included 6 sub categories in the 2 main categories of regulatory approach and cognitive-normative approach, the intervening conditions dimension were included 6 sub categories in the 3 main categories of country's macro policies and planning in the issues of employment creation and entrepreneurship in the field of information technology, motivational mobility of material and spiritual issues and organizational dynamics, the central phenomenon dimension were included 5 sub categories in the 2 main categories of organizational structure of entrepreneurship and organizational policies of entrepreneurship, the strategies dimension were included 11 sub categories in the 4 main categories of having strategic thinking, forward-looking actions, improving work processes and using of education and knowledge management and the consequences dimension were included 8 sub categories in the 2 main categories of prosperity and flourishing of economy and targeted community development. Also, the findings of the quantitative part showed that there were 32 missing questionnaires and the quantitative section analyzes were performed for 178 people. Based on the analysis, all the dimensions had a factor load and average variance extracted of higher than 0.50 and reliability of higher than 0.70. In addition to that, the establishing an entrepreneurial model with a future research approach in the metaverse era in knowledge-based companies in the field of information technology had an acceptable fit, and in the mentioned model, the causal conditions on central phenomenon; the central phenomenon, background conditions and intervening conditions on strategies and strategies on outcomes had a direct and significant effect (P<0.001). The results of the current research about the establishing an entrepreneurial model with a future research approach in the metaverse era in knowledge-based companies in the field of information technology have many practical implications for experts and planners of knowledge-based companies, especially in the field of information technology, and they based on the results of this research can take an effective step towards job creation and establishing an entrepreneurial in the metaverse era.

The aim of this study was to provide a model of entrepreneurship-based curriculum in secondary school.

The present study was applied in terms of purpose and integrated (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of implementation method. The research population in the qualitative section included experts in the field of entrepreneurship in Alborz province in the academic year 2020-2021, in which 14 people were selected based on theoretical saturation method and purposive sampling. The statistical population of the quantitative section also included all secondary school teachers of Alborz planning and entrepreneurship course in the academic year 2020-21 (266 people). The sample size was determined based on Morgan and Georgian table and 154 people were selected by simple random sampling method. The research tool in the qualitative part was semi-structured interviews and in the quantitative part was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the findings of the qualitative part. To validate the qualitative data, a recoding strategy and reliability were obtained with a coding agreement coefficient of 0.86. For quantitative findings, face validity and reliability were obtained by Cronbach's alpha method of 0.82. For data analysis, in the qualitative part, the content analysis method was used with Maxquda18 software and in the quantitative part with exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling with Smart Pls3 software.

The findings of the qualitative section showed that there are 56 sub-themes and 5 main themes (entrepreneurial knowledge, entrepreneurial attitude, entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial ability) for the entrepreneurship curriculum. The results of exploratory factor analysis also showed that the first factor, ie the creation of entrepreneurial knowledge explains 6.54 of the total variance, the second factor (entrepreneurial attitude) 7.65%, the third factor (entrepreneurial skills) 12.76% and the fourth factor (entrepreneurial ability) 14.65% explained the total variance of entrepreneurship. The results of structural equation modeling also showed that all identified factors have a significant effect. The GOF criterion also showed that the overall fit of the model was at a desirable level.

It can be concluded that a good curriculum should pay attention to the factors of knowledge, skills, attitudes and abilities, and curriculum planners should pay more attention to "creating entrepreneurial ability" and "entrepreneurial skills" in designing the entrepreneurship textbook.

In the approaches of entrepreneurship and job creation and its effectiveness in the process of development and progress of societies, continuous and rapid change and transformation in development programs is considered one of the most important and necessary all-round human life. Therefore, in order to achieve the goals of the research subject, to investigate the entrepreneurial approach to the field of employment in the fourth and fifth development plans and the degree of realization, through questionnaires and interviews with experts and officials of government organizations and ministries that have the most control over the fourth and fifth development plans. By using the qualitative method of content analysis, the following actions and results have been obtained:Bagoyeh strategy index, effectiveness of resources from business strategies 25%, Bagoyeh resource index, use of all financial resources 44%, Bagoyeh management structure index, solidarity of line and headquarters personnel 43%, Bagoyeh reward index of proportionality of rights with responsibilities and Position fit with responsibility is 43%, growth structure index is 35%, employee growth and development priority is 35%, entrepreneurial culture index is 40% support for creative development ideas, and finally, social welfare index is with minimum educational provision, bio-centeredness of the program. 34% was high and very .

Women's empowerment has become a vital component of sustainable tourism development in tourism destinations. At the same time, achieving gender equality and women's empowerment is the fifth goal of the United Nations Sustainable Development Program. Also, the tourism industry can create a good environment for women entrepreneurship and participation in work and agricultural tourism. With the introduction of women's entrepreneurship, women's participation in the process of economic development has increased in various ways. However, there are many barriers to women's empowerment in achieving entrepreneurship, and perceptions of women's work vary in different societies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of women entrepreneurship and understanding of women's work on the development of agricultural tourism through psychological, social, political and economic empowerment of women. A four-dimensional framework was used to measure empowerment: (1) economic, (2) psychological, (3) social, and (4) political. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method and nature of a descriptive survey research. The study population includes women tourists who have traveled to the village of Oramanat and experienced agricultural tourism. The sampling method was non-randomly available. Cochran's formula for unlimited communities was used to select the sample. . The results showed that women's entrepreneurship and understanding of women's work is effective on the development of agricultural tourism through psychological, social, political and economic empowerment of women.

In this study, the effect of entrepreneurship environmental analysis strategy on organizational performance in small and medium enterprises was investigated. The present study is an applied research and also in terms of implementation method, the present study is a survey. The present study will have a statistical population equal to managers of small and medium enterprises. A simple random method was used to sample the table in the staff section. For sampling in employees, first the Cochran's formula is used to obtain the total number of samples and then using a simple random method, a sample from the total population is selected and performed at a time of 1400. In this research, it was a descriptive library method for collecting information and it is a library and field for collecting data. Two methods of descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Accordingly, descriptive statistics included the frequency of the sample population in terms of population, education and work experience, and the mean, variance, standard deviation, fashion, and median. To use inferential statistics, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was first used to examine the distribution of research data (normal or abnormal). According to this test, if the research data distribution is normal, parametric statistical tests were used and if it is not normal, non-parametric tests were used. The software used in the research is SPSS21, LISREL or SPLS software. According to the results, all research hypotheses were accepted.

Women, as half of the world's population, play an important role in the development of different societies. Therefore, solving women's issues and problems is very important; In particular, addressing the issue of their empowerment, which is an effort to improve their economic, cultural and social status. In this regard, looking at a set of global experiences shows that innovation and social entrepreneurship can be used as strategies to empower and improve the situation of women. Accordingly, the present study seeks to examine the experiences of Malaysia in the field of women's empowerment by using innovation and social entrepreneurship models by conducting a documentary study and moving from a descriptive-analytical approach. In the end, after reviewing and analyzing the experiences of this country based on the content analysis technique, the lessons learned are classified and examples are mentioned for each category; Including gender equality programs; Support for working women; Attention to women in political and governmental decisions; Paying attention to financing women's business activities; Training, guidance and evaluation.