جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Environmental attitude » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the social determinants of responsible environmental behavior of citizens with emphasis on independent variables of environmental knowledge, environmental attitudes and spatial attachment. The research method was survey and the statistical sample included 382 citizens aged 15 to 65 years in the city of Shush who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The research data collection tool was a questionnaire. The descriptive findings of the study showed that the average level of responsible environmental behaviors of the citizens of Shush was moderate (59.88). The results of path analysis showed that the variables of sense of spatial belonging (0.194), environmental awareness (0.456), environmental attitude (0.225) have a direct impact on responsible environmental behavior. According to the research findings, the variable of sense of place belonging through environmental attitude had 0.176% indirect effect on the research problem. Overall, the variables included in the model could explain 0.35% of the changes in responsible environmental behavior. Comparison of beta coefficients showed that the effect of total environmental awareness (0.476) was greater than the other variables included in the model on the research problem.

Environmental ethics has a decisive role in people's thinking and attitude towards the environment. This scientific research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of altruism on environmental behaviors with the presence of three mediating variables of awareness, knowledge and environmental attitude. The research method is a survey type and the technique used is a questionnaire. The statistical population of people with university education was selected. The sampling method is proportional to the volume and the evaluation criterion is validity, convergent and content. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability have been used for the reliability of the tool. The research has been analyzed by the method of structural equations. From all the obtained indicators, it can be concluded that the research model had a good fit. The findings show that people who are more altruistic. Whenever they benefit from environmental knowledge and awareness. Their attitudes have changed and they show more environmental behaviors than people who want to change less. The spirit of altruism, environmental behaviors, attitude and awareness are significantly higher in the married group than in the unmarried group, and there is no significant difference between the two mentioned groups in the environmental knowledge variable. Also, the spirit of altruism, environmental behaviors, knowledge, attitude and environmental awareness were more in women than in men. And finally, it also shows academic groups. The level of education has no effect on the spirit of altruism. But environmental behaviors, attitude, awareness and environmental knowledge increase with increasing education level.

Due to the existing risks, measuring environmental attitudes has become one of the most important social issues today. The aim of the article is to study environmentalism and its sociological explanation in Iran with the cross-country comparative approach. Based on the theoretical perspectives that explain environmentalism, the effect of various variables such as economic welfare or livelihood poverty, social capital, gender, Religion and religiosity has been experimentally tested. Methodologically, the study was conducted using the documentary method and secondary analysis of World Values Survey (WVS) data in the latest wave. The 7th wave has been implemented in 59 countries (including Iran) between 2017 and 2020. According to the findings, Iran is placed in cluste 1 (the countries with a high score in the environmentalism index), and has obtained the 11th rank among 59 countries. The results show that environmentalism both in Iran and in the world is directly affected by education, economic well-being, social participation and Post-Materialist values and inversely by the variables of age, poverty and religiosity. Another important finding of the research is the different environmental tendencies of the world's dominant religions: While Jews consider economic growth and environmental protection to be equally important, Christians are more environmentalists and Muslims are more advocates of economic growth.

Today, with the spread of environmental issues and risks, the study of environmental behaviors has become more important for researchers. Environmental Behaviors is a set of actions of people in society towards the environment that includes a wide range of feelings, inclinations and specific preparations to perform behaviors in relation to the environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the research conducted in the field of environmental sociology using meta-analysis. The statistical population of the study includes all research articles that have been published and indexed in the country in the last 10 years between 2010 and 2019 with the subject of environmental sociology in the initial review, about 49 preliminary articles were identified, and finally, after considering all necessary criteria, 20 studies were selected as a statistical sample. SPSS and CMA.2 software were used for data analysis. Systematic review of studies shows that 75% of the authors had a PH.D. In sociology, most of the research was done in Mazandaran and Kurdistan provinces and in 2012 and 2017 the highest number of researches has been published. Also, in all studies, the variable of environmental behavior has been considered as the main variable. Examining the effect size of different variables shows that the size of random effects for the effect of environmental attitude is 0.222, environmental knowledge is 0.112, environmental awareness is 0.317 and environmental values on environmental behavior are equal to 0.256. It is found that the combined effect size of the environmental awareness variable was more than other variables.

 

Today, the emergence of environmental crises and problems in the world has given greater attention to environmental protection behaviors. This attention to environmental behavior has prompted a great deal of research in recent years on the factors affecting environmental behavior. Due to an increase in environmental behaviors research and identify the factors affecting it, this study aimed to investigate the factors affecting environmental behaviors in research conducted in Iran.

The research method of this paper is the meta-analysis. Population of the study almost scientific papers that are the subject factors environmental behaviors in 2001 and 2020 were published. Finally, 18 papers selected and analyzed with the Comprehensive Meta-analysis software.

The results of the meta-analysis showed that the effect size between cultural capital and environmental behaviors approximately 0.38, was in moderate level. Also relationship between environmental attitude and environmental behaviors was about 0.28 and in low level. Results show that the combined effects of the relationship between environmental Value and environmental behaviors the equivalent of 0.27, was in low level.

The human perspective has a direct impact on the environment. In the modern era, man has considered himself in the place of God and has dominated the nature that has resulted in encroachment upon its privacy and disruption of its cycle. During antiquity, man always defined himself within the universe and had firm belief that the cycle of nature could not and should not be disrupted. The manner of man’s interactions with nature and the environment has been varied and sometimes contradictory in different periods. The existence of a bio-centric view and the acceptance of the principle that man is part of nature and his life depends on the surroundings, has led to behavioral occurrence based on the respect for nature and the environment. Ancient Iranians, too, as one of the world’s first civilizations, have always been at the forefront of human and environmental issues. The laws governing the ancient world were based on belief patterns, and the governing policies of that time were based on the notion of the protection of the environmental elements of soil, water, plants and animals. In this article, apart from examining the bio-centric perspective on the remaining myths from ancient Iran, as well as exploring the sources of Zoroastrianism and the Avesta, the relationship between the policies of kings and rulers and environmental ideas is discussed. This article shows that ancient Iranians with a bio-centric attitude and using religious propositions tried to satisfy the four elements of nature and emphasized its preservation.

Although the outbreak of corona disease initially had positive environmental consequences, over time, the dramatic increase in corona disease became a serious threat to the environment. Accordingly, using a qualitative grounded theory approach, the present study has analyzed the environmental behavior in the face of corona waste (residues) among the residents of the city of Boroujerd who were over 18 years of age. The sample consisted of 26 people who were purposefully selected. The method of data collection was in-depth interview. During the three stages of coding the text of the interviews, the paradigm model of Grounded Theory was finally extracted. Also, in order to validate the research, the method of "members' credibility" and to measure the reliability, the method of "internal agreement" has been used. The results showed that the two factors "prevention mechanisms" and "treatment mechanisms" have caused the phenomenon of "coronal waste generation" and after its occurrence, actors’ "environmental behavior" was manifested in one of the following types: 1) environment Friendly (responsible), 2) un-environmentalist (careless) and 3) anti-environmental (vandalistic). The prevailing contexts were: 1) demographic characteristics of the individual, 2) health-care-treatment infrastructure, 3) educational infrastructure, 4) corona disease prevalence rate. Intervening conditions were: 1) personality traits of the individual (environmental commitment and sensitivity), 2) social characteristics of the individual (environmental orientations and attitudes), 3) socialization (Environmental knowledge and awareness), 4) Culturalization (environmental norms and values), 5) Government policies (Environmental trust and belonging). Finally, the environmental behavior of actors has two consequences: 1) positive: environmental purification and 2) negative: environmental pollution

Many studies of environmental sociology have emphasized the coherence between attitudes and behaviors of the environment and taken it for granted; In these studies, the possibility of a dichotomy in environmental attitudes and behavior has not been considered and the type of environmental attitude has been considered as a fundamental determinant of the type of environmental behavior of the individual. In this article, by reviewing the dominant approaches of environmental sociology and using documentary research, the factors affecting the formation of gaps and dichotomies between attitudes and environmental behavior are extracted. By examining the commonalities of the approaches that have addressed this duality and the factors affecting it, finally, on three categories of demographic factors, external factors (such as cultural, social and economic factors) and internal factors (such as reinforcement, environmental knowledge, awareness, Values and attitudes, feelings and priorities) have been emphasized in order to explain environmental behavior and also to justify the duality of environmental attitudes and behavior. Finally, it can be claimed that environmentally responsible attitude as an internal factor along with factors consistent with this type of attitude, will lead to the formation of environmentally responsible behavior in individuals.

Historical complexities constitute one of the important identity components of a society and indicate as well, its cultural structures. Persepolis, a nearly 2500 years old historical site, has been fascinating for domestic and foreign tourists. People who live near the complex should play an important role in managerial decisions. But residents of these villages have not been able to play their role properly. There are many villages in the vicinity of this complex and it means that any decision-making process at Persepolis have important impacts on lives of the residents. The concept of community is one of the basic human needs and a factor that can control the local and social damage. This concept often can be considered from different viewpoints, such as psychology and sociology. These viewpoints have their own perspective. quality of tourism is an important factor for both local residents and tourists’ arrival. Research shows that local residents are extremely concerned about their environment. Local residents have an important role in reducing negative effects caused by tourists and tourism development. So the level of local involvement can reduce environmental damages. Moreover, with the involvement of local residents not only can social and cultural identities be maintained, but also encouraged. Overall, this study is aimed at considering different factors influencing local residents’ perception towards supporting sustainable tourism development in Persepolis

In this research, a descriptive, survey method was used and in terms of purpose, it is an applied research. Five villages of Kenareh, Jalian, Firouzi, Shahrak-e Mahdieh and Shahrak-e Vali-Asr were chosen as the population of the study. The instrument used for gathering data is a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were measured through confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha. Using categorical sampling and Cochran’s table, a total of 385 questionnaires were distributed among and completed by local people. Structural equation modeling, Pearson coefficient and one-sample T-test were used to verify the hypotheses of the research.

Todays, the main objective of development programs is to create participatory strategies in local communities. According to the results, in this study 79 percent of the participation were male and 21 percent were female. Most participants in this study were in the age group of 20 to 25 years old. In terms of occupation most were self- employed (30 percent) and agriculture held the lowest number of job holders. in terms of level of education, most held high school diploma. Results showed that social participation with a coefficient of 0.79 has the most effect on local residents’ perception towards sustainable tourism development in Persepolis. Social attachment with a coefficient of 0.17 has a positive and significant relationship with local residents’ perception of the complex of Persepolis.. Lastly, local residents’ perception has a significantly positive relationship with supporting Persepolis complex and sustainable tourism development.Also, the results showed that social participation has a positive effect on the understanding of local residents in the selected villages. Thus, social participation is one of the most important factors in local resident's perception. Social attachment has a positive impact on local resident's perception and support of Persepolis as a World Heritage Site (0/22). The amount of social participation and support for sustainable tourism development Impact factor (0/62) showed that there is little impact between social participation and support for sustainable development. Local perception has a positive impact on support for Persepolis as a world heritage (Impact factor: 0/36). Since Persepolis is registered at UNESCO, the people who live there have a sense of honor and it has reinforced their feelings of social attachment and support for this World Heritage Site.

Frequency of environmental issues in recent years has provoked attention and sensitivity of different scholars, especially sociologists, toward these issues. to analyze and explain environmental problems, sociologists require social solutions and sociological studies. Therefore, this article from the perspective of environmental sociology reflects on the relationship between knowledge, attitude and environmental behavior and, situation of these three variables in terms of groups and periods of study among students. Compatible with the new environmental paradigm and literature studies, the findings of this study display the impact of environmental knowledge and attitude on environmental behaviors. Also, students who studied in more relevant fields such as Agricultural Sciences and students of Science had better situation and understanding in terms of all three variables rather than students of other departments. In addition, level of education promotes knowledge, environmental attitudes and behaviors of students. The results of the analysis show that variables explained 20 percent of variance of their environmental behavior.

Reviewing the environmental status reveals that unawareness or disregard of human for the environment, due to lack of scientific or expert training, wrong environmental attitude and behavior, lack of environmental responsibility and generally lack of knowledge and environmental literacy are some of the most important and effective causes of environmental pollution and destruction. Education and mass communication media as two essential pillars have a significant role in protecting the environment. Environmental education is the most basic method of the environmental protection that provides a platform for promoting the effective awareness. Access to information through the media is the first step in environmental education process. Nowadays, among the educational tools, media is a strong and effective educational tool that has a significant role in order to modify human behavior and publishing the habits and cultural values, socialization, changing attitude and environmental behavior. Mass communication media as a complement to the formal educational institutions, can educate audiences in the field of environmental protection in direct or indirect ways and become an inseparable part of the education and learning process. Accordingly, survey the position of mass communication media in environmental ethics and attitude is the main objective in this article. So the books and viewpoints of the experts have been studied in this descriptive article.

Environmental problems, is considered universal challenge and many environmental advocates and experts believe to find the guidelines to reduce these issues must be the physical sciences and ecological moved by the teachings of Behavioral Sciences and people towards environmental pro-behaviors encouraged. In this research using the survey technique stratified random sampling 400 students of Tehran University were selected as examples. The results of the relationship between the variables of planned behavior model for assessing the environmental behaviors confirmed. Structural equation modeling showed that the overall fit of the model at an acceptable level (0/081) and provide proportionate adoption with the structural model and the experimental model and two variables Behavioral Intention (BI) and perceived behavioral control (PBC) tend to behave better predictor for environmental pro-behaviors.

Study about environmental behavior and its effective factors is the basic issue in environmental sociology. Most studies emphasis on attitudes, knowledge and awareness about environment ant its risks. Few of them have focused on other social and environmental factors such as place attachment. Theoretical approaches that were employed in this paper are Low and Altman theory of place attachment (1992) and New ecological paradigm (NEP) of Dunlap and Van Liere. According to these theoretical approaches physical and social characters of places that citizens are resident of them or sometimes are present at those places, effect on type of emotions and relatedness of individuals to places. Fundamental purposes of the paper are measuring of Tabriz citizen's place attachment (attachment to their city) and then explaining the relationships between 3 variables (EA, PA and EB). Examining the relationship between environmental attitude (EA), place attachment (PA) and environmental behavior (EB) can help us to explore other factors along with environmental attitude that play important role in forming environmental behavior. In addition, in this article the effect of EA as an intervening variable was studied. Entrance of this variable in the research model is the new idea in this paper. So, hypothesis of research are:1-Place attachment and environmental responsible behavior have a significant relationship.
2-Environmental responsible attitude and environmental responsible behavior have a significant relationship.
3- Place attachment effects on environmental responsible behavior by environmental responsible attitude.
Material& Methodologically, this paper is extensive study and in terms of time is sectional one. Also, Type of This research is an applied one and method of study is Survey. We have used questionnaire as a technique of gathering data. Statistical society is 15 to 75 years old citizens of Tabriz and the sample size is 442 that were selected by cluster sampling. In questionnaire used in this research several scales have been applied for measuring all of the dependent and independent variables. Stern scale (2000) and milfont and dukitt scale (2010) were applied in this questionnaire for measurement of EB and EA. PA is a new, complicated and multidimensional concept in social science especially is used mostly in urban sociology and urban planning. But few studies have attempted to define it operationally. So we created a new scale for PA with combining and summarizing 4 scales and then assessed validity and reliability of them. Validity of questionnaire was checked with confirmatory factor analysis and reliability of that was checked whit cronbach’s alpha. For analyzing data was used SPSS software. Also, we used structural equation modeling with LISREL software to explore multivariate relationships because of existence of errors and covariance between indices. Furthermore, goodness of fit statistics was calculated with this software.
Discussion and Results show that attachment of citizens to the social and physical environment of Tabriz is higher than 70 percent. So, descriptive statistics show that places despite of Late Modernity’s overcoming on the global space, Globalization and space – time density have an important role in forming of emotions and identities of human beings. In this research average score of EB and EA are 74.5 and 75.83. Also, research literature provides evidence confirming the effect of place attachment on attitudes and behaviors in different areas of human life such as environmental attitudes and behaviors. The result of SEM in this paper confirmed that EA and PA directly effect on EB and their path coefficients are .53 and .23. Place attachment and environmental attitude as independent variables have explained about 11 percent of environmental behavior as a dependent variable. Furthermore, multiple correlation of these variables is .32. Also, intervening effect of EA in relationship of PA and EB is confirmed. Goodness of fit indexes such as CFI, GFI and AGFI are more than .9 and it is adequate result. On the other hand, RMSEA as the other important goodness of fit index was calculated in Lisrel and .03 was obtained. Numbers less than .06 for RMSEA are acceptable and indicate fitness of assumed model. Relationships obtained are the approvals for importance of social and psychological factors such as place attachment in forming of environmental behaviors beside the environmental attitudes. Existence of important places in the usual life of people can perform vital role in forming of responsible emotions, values and norms toward their environment. These positive and responsible emotions and values institutionalize environmental responsible attitudes that increase people intention to behave responsibly in the field of environment.

Study about environmental behavior and its effective factors is the basic issue in environmental sociology. Most studies emphasize on attitudes, knowledge and awareness about environment ant its risks. Few of them have focused on other social and environmental factors such as direct environmental experience. It seems that we cannot predict the type of environmental behavior, just with awareness about type of environmental values accepted by the people, the level of environmental knowledge and environmental attitudes of them. Thus, other social and environmental factors should be considered in explaining the type of environmental behavior of citizens. Therefore, it is possible that the physical characteristics of natural environment in which people present in their daily lives and type of relationship between natural environment and individuals, effect on environmental attitudes and behaviors. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between environmental attitude (EA), environmental experience (EE) and environmental behavior (EB). In addition, in this article the effect of EA as a mediating variable was studied. Therefore, the basic motivation of this study can raise the following question: Is environmental experience an effective factor on responsible environmental attitude and behavior?
Theoretical Framework: This paper claims that new environmental paradigm and post materialism values approach follow the simplest model that explains environmental behavior (American model). In this model, linear sequence of environmental knowledge, environmental attitude and environmental behavior is assumed. This research puts aside that usual optimism in environmental sociology and looks for other factor besides environmental attitude in shaping the environmental behavior. Duerden, Witt and Kellert claims direct experience of natural environment impacts on individuals’ environmental attitude and behavior.
Methodologically, this paper is an extensive study and in terms of time is a sectional one. The statistical population includes 15 to 75 year old citizens of Tabriz and the sample size is 442, which was selected by cluster sampling. Also, the type of this research is an applied one, method used in research is survey and the technique for gathering data is questionnaire. Validity of questionnaire was checked with factor analysis and reliability of that was checked whit cronbach’s alpha. All of cronbach’s alpha are higher than 0.6, so reliability of indices, dimensions and variables is confirmed. Environmental behavior was measured by Stern's questionnaire (2000) and Milfont and Duckitt's questionnaire (2010). This variable has two dimensions of environmental behavior in private and public spheres. The Environmental Attitude Inventory (EAI) by Milfont and Duckitt (2010) provides environmental attitude data. This variable has 5 indicators (Enjoyment of Nature, Environmental Threats, protection of the environment motivated by anthropocentric concern, Human non-dominance over nature belief and Human non-utilization of nature belief). Environmental direct experience has no standard scale and we created a scale for this construct. All the questions are in ordinal level and responses have been established in 6 degree Likert scale.
Results show that environmental experience average score is about 50 percent. Average score of environmental behavior and environmental attitude are 74.5 and 75.83. Average of public environmental behavior as a dimension of environmental behavior is 80.66 percent that is higher than the average score of private environmental behavior (68.5 percent). Index of protection of environment motivated by anthropocentric concern has higher average (83 percent) between other indices of environmental attitude. Lower average belongs to human non-dominance over nature belief (64 percent). The correlation coefficient between environmental attitude and behavior is 0.398. This coefficient between environmental experience and behavior is 0.152. Both of coefficients are significant in 0.05. Also, the result of SEM shows that environmental attitude and environmental experience directly effect on environmental behavior and their path coefficients are 0.39 and 0.13. Also, mediating effect of environmental attitude in relationship of environmental experience and environmental behavior is confirmed. Important Goodness of fit indices such as RMSEA, GFI and AGFI confirm the structural model of this research.
Presence and relatedness with nature increases the emotional tendencies toward natural settings. Individuals with Natural Experience see themselves as part of nature and have less anthropocentric orientations and behaviors in dealing with nature. Environmental experience increases individuals understanding about interdependence of nature and human. This perception provides the basis for motivating people to care and protect the environment. Direct Experience of nature make a deep and creative protective attitude in human that is the basis of moral system. This respect for the natural world causes the emergence of exciting surprises in front of nature complexities and sense of moral responsibility. Many Protective and responsible behaviors are formed in this way. Decisions made about environmental risks by individual with more direct environmental experience, are serious and practical. People who experience water pollution and death of fishes in polluted rivers because of sewage spill in it, act responsibly about these risks and even spend money to save the environment from threats and risks.

Environmental sociability is one of the new appealing subjects in sociological studies, in the sense that institutions and socialization and sociability factors in the society, such as family, school and media to what extent can affect people’s attitude, outlook, and ultimately their behaviour to intrinsic the environmental values. In this regard, the role of television due to the utilization of the components of an effective and artistic image and on the other hand, because of its universality plays an important role to institutionalization of environmental values among the audiences, especially children and adolescents. This research is to study the role of television in environmental sociability of adolescents in Tehran. Therefore, based on Cochran’s sample sizes formula, 600 adolescent students in 22 districts of Tehran have interviewed using a questionnaire-based survey. The results show that the television contribution to sociability is more than the other sociability factors and mechanisms to affect changing young people’s attitudes. However, more than 80 percent of adolescents in Tehran watching television, but for more impactful TV to integrate sociability of adolescents there need to be other strategies to operate.

To modify consumption patterns, the Act of 93 was drafted to increase the gas price and it was expected by applying this new Act in the second round of Subsidies system, household gas consumption will changed in a proper way. The plan seems unsuccessful and this suggest the role of other factors like cultural one which may shape people behavior.This study aims at researching culture factors underpinning on gas consumption rate in Mazandaran province. Based on theoretical framework and literature review, the research hypothesis was constructed. The research variables were conceptually and operationally defined and its scales were used to design questionnaire. The questionnaire was applied to the field as a pre-test and some items were deleted while some has been modified accordingly. Some 437 people were asked to complete the questionnaire as research respondents. The surveyed data were processed data by applying SPSS software program and the two statistics were utilized to analyze the data: descriptive and inferential. The result of the study showed that as environmental knowledge, attitude and concerns increase, gas consumption will increase Furthermore, the results indicated that environmental knowledge and attitude will not lead to environmental concerns. The likely reasons of the latter finding were explained and the paper was ended up to have two suggestion for policy makers.

Today, environmental threats are in center of important questions’ Human conscience twenty-first century. These questions have attracted public opinions quit alarming and they posed Extreme sensitivity to the environment on a global level. This study aimed at understanding the role of social structural factors on the gap between environmental attitudes and behavior carried out. Population involved citizens 15 age and higher that according Cochran formula and using multi-stage cluster sampling selected 410 people as sample. This research is a quantitative research and a survey-based data collection tool was questionnaires. The findings of research show that mean of environmental attitude and behavior were middle to high despite the low average intermediate variables: Normative commitment, facilities and environmental knowledge. The results of testing of hypothesis show that these variables can explain some of variance of gap between environmental attitude and behavior. In other words, with increase of level listed variables decrease the gap between environmental attitude and behavior. Also, results of regression analysis show independent variables explain 0.13 % of variance of dependent variable. In a general result, it can say that these factors can actually strengthen policies to reduce this gap and to promote environmentally responsible behavior. In end of paper, it suggested solutions to better environmental behavior.

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the level of cultural capital and environmental behavior and study of cultural capital impact on attitude and environmental behavior. The research method of this study is survey. The statistic sample has included 440 over -18 year- old people in urban regions of Kurdistan province. This sample has been selected based on multistage cluster sampling method. Questionnaire has been used to gather the required data. The survey findings show that 82 percent of the studied people have environmentally responsible behavior. Also about 71 percent of the surveyed people have high level of cultural capital. Nevertheless, level of attitude and environmental knowledge is standing at medium level. In addition, findings show that cultural capital has the most effect on environmental behavior and played the role of most anticipator variable for environmental behavior. Also, there is a relationship between environmental attitudes, environmental knowledge, marital status, and age groups with environmental behavior. Finally, probable reasons have been explained for the low level of environmental knowledge.