جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "Football Spectators" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

Order in the realm of sports, particularly in team sports like football, volleyball, and basketball, plays a significant role in shaping the cultural landscape of society, particularly among teenagers and young adults (Nazari et al., 2018). Stadiums serve as prominent social arenas (Yildirim, 2017) where one can witness both order and discipline, alongside breaches of norms, various forms of violence, and chaos. Given the increasing significance of sports activities, especially football, in society, particularly among the younger generation, and recognizing that the factors contributing to anomalies and chaos in stadiums intersect with other social elements, such as media influence, the presence of unofficial spectator groups and fans, premeditated disturbances during matches, and ethnic inclinations, it is crucial to understand the key areas influencing abnormal behavior, violence, and aggression in sports settings and devise specialized measures for their control. As no prior research has explored the interrelationships between the variables influencing stadium chaos and the cause-and-effect dynamics among these variables, the aim of this study was to conduct a research synthesis of the effective factors in stadium chaos during matches using a sequential mixed approach (meta-synthesis-DEMATLE). "Social disorder" is one of the social factors influencing the occurrence of abnormal spectator behavior in sporting events (Elahi Menesh and Masoumi, 2017). Many sports spectators perceive collusion, cheating, disregard for the law, a win-at-all-costs mentality, and sensationalizing matches to attract more spectators as commonplace in sports environments, thereby undermining the importance of law and its observance.

This study was applied in nature, employing a sequential mixed (qualitative-quantitative) method to achieve its objectives. The initial phase involved gathering information through research synthesis with a focus on the meta-synthesis method, while the subsequent phase entailed analyzing relationships using a multivariate decision-making approach, emphasizing the DEMATLE technique. To conduct the meta-synthesis, Sandelowski and Barroso's 7-step method was employed.

The analysis of factors contributing to social chaos in stadiums during matches revealed that comparative reasoning, team dependence on ethnicities, lack of meritocracy, external influences, politicization of sports, and weak legislation were integral components of the causal framework. The structure of effects in the occurrence of norm-breaking behaviors and chaos in stadiums also encompassed individual characteristics, unequal resource distribution, economic hardship, win-lose mentality, lack of consensus on values, institutional non-cooperation, global developments, and cultural transition.

Social tolerance is one of the vital concepts in the humanities and a factor in strengthening and facilitating interaction between individuals at different levels in society.  The present article seeks to identify and develop a sociological model of social tolerance for spectators of the Iranian Football Premier League by using the theoretical foundations of social tolerance in the field of sociology and by a combined research method.  The present research has been done in two stages, in the qualitative stage the grounded theory method (Strauss and Corbin) and in the quantitative stage the survey method has been used.  The statistical population of the spectators of the Iranian Football Premier League was 17 quality qualitative samples and 399 quantitative samples were selected.  The sampling method was snowball in the qualitative stage and quota in the quantitative stage.  Coding method was used to analyze the data in the qualitative part and multivariate regression was used in the quantitative part.  After combining the results of qualitative and quantitative research, a combined model of spectator social tolerance was presented, which will have consequences such as empathetic interaction and well-being of football spectators.