جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « everyday life » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

With the emergence of new social media networks, the mechanisms of gaining fame have undergone massive transformations. Today, users have attained the opportunity to reach fame, which was not easily accessible before. In this regard, due to its easy-to-use capabilities and high popularity among users, Instagram has become a main platform for creating fame. Many Instagram users are inclined to become famous on this social network for various reasons, and this fame brings considerable consequences in the society, which enhances the importance of sociological analysis of the issue. By this way, the present paper tries to examine and analyze the causes and effects of fame on Instagram while reviewing the theories about economy, fame, and microcelebrity. The study was conducted with a qualitative approach and semi-structured in-depth interviews with 20 Instagram users. The findings obtained from the interviews were also extracted and analyzed with the thematic analysis technique and demonstrated 6 main themes and 12 sub-themes. Finally, based on the interviewees' responses, significant reasons for seeking fame on Instagram include monetizing and acquiring economic capital, a shortcut to success, and an opportunity to be seen and heard, which has led to important outcomes such as the standardization of taste, the consumerism of everyday life, and changing values and norms in the society.

This article aims to discover and divulge the hidden and obvious themes of social malingering in the actions of characters in the movie A Hero, by Asghar Farhadi. Since, according to some critics and thinkers, the content and themes of Iranian cinema have a deep connection with social issues and events, this study is an attempt to highlight social interactions and analyze everyday life in contemporary Iran. The research was conducted using a qualitative method and content analysis technique. The main problems discussed here were: Why do we construct a hero? What is the relationship between the phenomena of social malingering and constructing a hero in everyday life? Findings show the phenomenon such as social malingering and a hero construct in everyday life, in the mutual relationship and dialectic of attempt and failure, the inefficiency of social and political institutions, individuality cult, ideological morality, ontological insecurity and the reduction of social capital among others. It seems the social malingering and constructing a hero may be strategies for survival, especially the survival of honor and social acceptability in interactions and everyday life, the last type of social action and initiative to protect oneself and society.

Religion has played an important role in people's daily life and culture. Religion teaches the way of life to its followers, and the followers define their identity and group boundaries from other groups by following its instructions. This paper aims to examine the significance and role of religious values in the everyday life of Iranians since the constitutional revolution in Iran. 

Methods and Data: 

This research adopts a cultural history approach to explore the influence of religion on people's daily practices and behaviors. It relies on primary sources such as travelogues, logbooks, diaries, and historical documents from the constitutional revolution to the present day. 

The results indicate that religion was a prominent aspect of people's daily life during the Qajar and Pahlavi eras. Religious teachings affected various domains of life such as clothing, food, drink, and health. However, since the 1980s, the role of religion in some areas of people's everyday life has declined. 

The society has witnessed a decrease in the adherence to some religious rules and beliefs among people, especially the youth. Nevertheless, the religious foundations of the society remain strong and influential. Religious values and symbols are still respected by most people, who participate in Muharram mourning ceremonies, religious festivals, and pilgrimages to holy shrines. Key Message: Religious faith and reverence for sacred things and values remain widespread among Iranians, despite the decline of religion in some aspects of their lifestyle in recent decades. Many people participate in Muharram mourning ceremonies, religious festivals, and pilgrimages to holy shrines. Religion plays a vital role in society by fostering social cohesion among different groups and individuals. Therefore, it is important to uphold common religious values in the society.

Urban spaces have the capacity to spatially assemble different and even contradictory forces of the public sphere. The relationships between these contradictory forces, one dominated by power and the other exercised by people, lead citizens to take creative actions to change and transform the structure created in urban spaces. “How can the play of citizens in the public space of the city produce the lived space and what are the consequences?” is the main question of this research. In Lefebvre’s theory of the production of space, space is in a process of dialectical relations between perceived space, conceived space and lived space. Power always tries to cover the merits of the perceived space by its forces and produces the conceived space. In contrast, citizens create the lived space through their creative actions. Citizens can choose the public space as their own playground (place of their play) and construct new situations beyond the formal situations of the space. The concept of play suggests an action in a specific time and place, through established rules built on the core of pleasure, which can also change the formal situation of the space by using the tools unusually and changing and reshaping the rules themselves. In this process, the nature of excitement flows through the game and makes the players return to it more and more. Therefore, the game is one of the creative actions that are able to create new orders and arrangements in the public space to construct the lived space.

The current research is based on an interpretive-critical paradigm, which is based on a phenomenological approach to explore the ways and reasons for which the citizens of Tehran choose to use the perceived space and find it. The method is a documentary study for theoretical concepts and identifying the components and configurations of the concepts. The field study in the open space at the entrance of Bagh-Ferdows includes in-depth observation by the researchers and open interviews with the citizens (the actors) who are actively present in the field and identified using the components and qualitative indicators found in the first step of the documentary study to achieve a novel interpretation of the pleasing actions as well as the critical ones.

Studies done in the case of this research show that citizens in urban spaces play in relation to one aother and the factors of that space in order to create their desired situations. This process of playing can change the territories of the space, foster the process of sociability, specify the demands of marginal groups and represent citizens’ resistance against the order of conceived space.

Concolusion: 

The results suggest that citizens can produce their living space in the urban public space through their games, as the process of creative playing changes the formal situation and realizes the game situation, which is similar to what people do in the production of living space through other actions. In the nightlife of the city, these actions use the possibilities of the lack of surveillance and construct the lived space. The socialization, the specification of the areas forbidden by the power (political - economic forces through the system and socio-cultural through the structure), the creation and exhibition of the desired identity by the citizens, the resistance to the formal order and the leisure are the consequences of the games observed and studied in the given public space.

Such issues as authoritative space design, unproductivity of urban management, and the inability of urban space to facilitate the emergence of differences and transfer of meaning lead to the experience of alienation in the daily life of the residents of Tehran. Taking an anthropological and critical approach and applying Henri Lefebvre’s theory of production of space, this research compared class experience of alienation among the residents of Tehran. Alienation was defined as an instrumental relationship against a relationship for its own sake and appropriation against ownership. Space of stock market, Khalij Fars Lake and Khalazir neighborhood were selected as representatives of abstract and concrete spaces as well as Lefebvre’s trialectics of space. Multiple data were collected through observation, photos, personal interviews, previous studies and ethnographies, documentaries, organizational documents, press reports and online survey about every space. The data was coded, categorized, and analyzed interpretatively and inductively through formal, functional, and structural analysis. The study showed that alienation with others, self, labor, urban space, and everyday life, is a common experience between all classes and is related to the spatial order of the city, but it finds different meanings in the center and the periphery and is integrated in the everyday consciousness in a different way. Alienation in relation of production is experienced in the meaningless work, competitive market, and commodification are common experiences on a global scale, while political and cultural alienations depend on the specific characteristics of Tehran. The moments may be liberating at a level of social reality and remain fruitless at a higher level. The diverse manifestations of daily life, along with prohibitions, fears, and gaps, prevent the formation of collective consciousness and, as a result, a collective effort to de-alienation.

Everyday-life reality and its interwoven rhythms, is in a mutual relation with the process of production of space. Current study aims to discover the quality of everyday-life rhythm in Tehran and its connection to the production of space. Applying rhythmanalysis, ethnography and a reciprocation between theory and facts as well as micro and macro levels, a sample of three spaces of city (stock market, Khalije Fars Lake and Khalazir neighborhood) was analyzed through Henri Lefebvre’s approach of production of space. The findings declares that authoritative governance of city, fragmented culture, monetary order defined by international division of labor and local inefficiency and mythologized nature manipulate everyday-life rhythm through dressage and is affected by it simaltenaously. Diverse forms of everyday-life leads to deep social and class gaps, but what embraces all the narrators is a rhytm of expectation in their everyday-life; an expectation for a promising event which never takes place.

The present study analyzes the position of cultural studies in Iran through articles published in the quarterly journal of cultural studies and communication in the period 2013-2017. The theoretical basis of the research was the views of Chris Rojek, who divides this field of knowledge into four periods: national-popular, textualtheatrical, global post-belief, and governance and politics. Qualitative meta-analysis was used and the data collection technique was document review. According to findings, out of 156 papers reviewed, 97 papers are in the field of cultural texts, 25 papers are about the marginalized, 8 articles are about daily life, 7 articles are about the analysis of popular culture, 4 articles are about cultural politics, and 14 articles cover other topics. The content of the articles indicates that cultural studies in Iran does not tend to represent silent voices; does not pay much attention to context and texture; It is abstract and the study population is the middle-class people of Tehran. Meanwhile, Iran has a range of different social groups with experience of multiple forms of inequality both in the field of redistribution policy and in the realm of recognition policy. In this sense, most of these studies seem to be limited to depoliticizing society ،and do not intervene much. But that is not the whole story. Although significant changes have taken place in the last two decades and an important part of our lives is affected by complex economic and political processes, this area of knowledge still seeks textual studies. It does not pay attention to how it changes at the level of the material reality of everyday life. Finally, cultural studies in Iran have not yet been able to follow a particular research program and It has not yet achieved the creation of Iranian cultural studies that is inherent in this thought.

Vow is a ritual and religious behavior and although it is important as a religious act in many religions, but among Shiites, vow is also integrated with the daily life of the people and like other religious behaviors, both in social and cultural context. It is a voluntary ritual-religious behavior, and and in some cases might be completely innovative and unique. By deciding to make a vow, a contract is made between the person and the sacred, and usually has no connection with the social and cultural system until he/she makes his vow. It is entirely internal, mental and semantic. But as soon as the person makes the vow, the vow rises from a mental matter to a cultural and social construct. Nevertheless, vows are made in a cultural context as a ritual behavior. In this article, an attempt has been made to analyze the meaning of vows as a ritual behavior from an anthropological point of view. For this purpose, the historical view of vows has been analyzed and an attempt has been made to analyze the meaning of this ritual in everyday life by reviewing the cultural history of vows. The emphasis of this study is on the position of vows among women in Tehran. In this article, we will try to study the meaning of vows in the lived experience of women living in Tehran, women's mental constructs about vows based on the concept of "security", fear of world ignorance and insecurity caused by unknown, vague and frightening events. This study was performed using interpretive phenomenological method.

This article tries to study the Iranian subject's attempt to represent / construct her/his individuality in cyberspace. For doing so, in order to interpret the birth and development of Iranian subject, we have first introduced a brief description of the emergence of modern subject and its conceptual and concrete transformation, especially in late modernity; then we have analyzed the different dimensions of this embodied self-actualization by way of semiotic interpretation of images in virtual space. The findings showed that Iranian subject, in attempting to pursue the project of self-actualization in this era, has exactly encountered the same risks, ambivalences and contractions that have made his everyday life interrupted, conflicting and contradictory. Although this subject has achieved a variety of options to choose in the sphere of everyday life, but has lost his ability to self-actualization in the face of rituals and big other. The sterilization of everyday life in the real world in Iran and the attempt of individuals to revive it in virtual space has caused a life form in which interrupted subjects are born.

Changes in the Everyday Life of the Older persons during the Covid-19 Pandemic; A Qualitative StudyShiva Parvaei[1]Majid Koosheshi[2] AbstractIn this study, the lived experience of the older persons in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic as a social and risk experience was analyzed and the most important changes in the everyday life of the elderly were discovered. The method of this study is based on a qualitative research design. To data collection has been used from semi-structured interviews with the elderly (or their children) and thematic analysis technique to analyze qualitative data. The results show that older persons have experienced multiple changes in their everyday life. These changes have been in economic dimensions, physical health, mental health and family and social relations. The results indicate that the issues of the elderly in the Covid-19 pandemic period are not only individual but also family and social issues. This matter refers to the importance of family and intergenerational interactions in the everyday life of the elderly. In addition, the consequences of this period on the everyday life of the older persons include not only direct effects but also indirect consequences. In this regard, we can point to the economic consequences of Covid-19 on the working life of youth and adult children, which not only led to a decrease in children's support for older parents but also led to their anxiety and worry. In addition, we can point to a decline in the health capital of the older persons and deaths which is due to the delay in following up on health status and treatment. Ageing is a social and unequal experience and these studies are very useful for the social policy of ageing and family. Keywords: Older Persons, Everyday Life, Risk society, Social Changes, Ageing Studies, Family Studies.    [1] . PhD in Sociology, , Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran.[2] . Assistant Professor of Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran.

This article has been written with the aim of critical study on the book "Everyday Life of Urban Precariat (2013-2011)" written by Alireza Sadeghi.  This book is considered as a collection of works written in the theoretical-methodological tradition of Bayat and according to the author, it is readable in the continuation of Bayat's book "Street Policies" which was written in 1997. The results of this critical study show that although the information and evidence presented in the book, which has been analyzed in an ethnographic manner, indicate the depth and breadth of this research, the fact is that the book is one of its original examples of "street politics". He has not stepped beyond. Also, showing the negligence and insignificance of the role of the poor in reproducing the inferiority situation and urban irregularities is a point that can be seen in the design and summary of the present book.

In the present article, the book " Cities and Consumption" written by Mark Jayne with a Persian translation by Morteza Ghalich was critically reviewed. Among the advantages of this book, we can refer to the views, theories, empirical backgrounds, case studies about the city, and consumption. The translation and writing of the book, despite providing important information about cities and consumption categories, need some critics, including the fact that despite the second edition of the book, the literary editing of translated texts was ignored and the inaccurate translation from the original texts is considerable. To the extent that some of the translated parts are incompatible with the original text of the book. Also, the content of the book does not provide a comprehensive explanation of the relationship between cities. In other words, the book has no theoretical or methodological presuppositions and the chapters are not formulated based on the main aim of the book. Jayne failed to explain the consumer and consumption status in the relationship between the structure of the political economy and the formation of the modern city and consumer society. He only considers consumption as an independent variable that is used by the consumer as a tool in shaping the modern city and everyday life; A claim that is not followed or substantiated in most parts of the book. Also, since the book is released in 2006, the statistical information and empirical backgrounds are not up to date.

Assumptions, which are the same as knowledge, experience, and human biography from the past to the present, are one of the main pillars of Gadamer hermeneutics. In general, the elements and key words of Gadamerke's philosophical hermeneutics are the same as understanding; The nature and phenomenology of understanding instead of epistemology, the methodical nature of understanding, the event and occurrence of understanding, historicity, temporality, language, productivity, not reproduction, presuppositions, applicability and application of understanding, horizon and agreement, relativity of understanding ( Includes semantic pluralism, play, dialogue, dialectics, the act of anticipation, distance of understanding, and degree of openness. Following Heidegger, Gadamer considers understanding to be the fundamental state of Dasein (human existence). And instead of the subject-object duality, it introduces the subject-subject schema. Because Gadamer believes that categories such as understanding, man, history, and the humanities in general cannot be compared and discovered with the Cartesian method of object-object in the natural sciences, but because the humanities are different from the natural sciences, that is, fluid. And non-framing - so the usual method used in the natural sciences cannot be used in the humanities, because it is essentially ineffective, but the dialectical ambiguity must be applied to the event of understanding. Also, according to Gadamer, presuppositions that play a colorful role in everyday life should be understood and communicated through dialectical dialogue so that we do not suffer from hasty judgments and prejudices. Gadamer,

People employ several linguistic strategies to make progress in their lives. In a society such as Iran where there is an imbalanced distribution of power, available means of power for people are limited to linguistic tools only, meanwhile due to their special social and cultural conditions as well as small amount of properties, specific social groups such as women resort to different linguistic mechanisms and strategies to change the power balance in their favor where their contribution to the authority is otherwise negligible.This is why the world of women is defined by language. This paper aims at examining the linguistic actions of women in the context of daily life to understand the spirit of their language as well as their verbal strategies. The study has used the qualitative method and a combination of focus group interviews, lived experiences, and texts like blogs and novels as supplementary reference to find out the strategies of women's language use to exercise power and resistance against inequalities in order to meet the most amounts of benefits in the social fields. As such, it has attempted to answer the main question of the article:  What strategies do women of Tehran use in their daily lives to exercise power and protect women against inequality in order to achieve maximum benefits?.

Social media has provided an opportunity for various groups of people to visualize their everyday life. This visualization of everyday life is done by female influencers on the Instagram image-based social network. In this article, the dominant discourse reproduced by these users has been studied. Using a conceptual framework consisting of Foucault's theory of discourse analysis, Butler's ‘gender representation’, and Mirzoeff 's ‘visual culture’, the question of whether these images create a different discourse of gender or they fall within the same dominant discourses can be answered through studying the images of females as shown by themselves. For this purpose, the Instagram pages of 27 female influencers with more than 500,000 followers were selected. Overall, a total of 315 posts (image and text) were also selected as a sample out of which the main themes and sub-themes of the discourse were extracted by visual discourse analysis method. The discourse analysis of the findings shows that the discourse reproduced by female influencers includes both discourses of patriarchy and capitalism.

Many scholars believe that social media has changed the everyday communication and social structures especially for margin groups like women. This study aims to find how Instagram influences representation of women’s everyday life, and how do women try to represent their everyday life in cyberspace? The research is based on a phenomenology approach and thematic analysis of the 800 post from 26 Instagrammer’s pages and their comments. This study aims to understand what are the most important themes represented by women about family roles, the body, consumption and satisfaction, by investigation on the connotation of their photos and captions in pages. Results indicates the following types of themes: first: motherhood and ideal home ; subjectivity coupled with power, Second: representation of male-female identities and identity’s paradoxes, third: representation of satisfaction in the family, conspicuous consumption and beauty . Also the results shows that Instagram has identity and leisure function for women. Data analysis shows that they use the cyberspace to challenge reality of public sphere that has caused be living in a paradoxical life world which makes women neither be objects of male dominance as they are in traditional clichés, nor be sovereign subject who is capable to deconstruct gendered patterns. Rather, they simultaneously have degrees of subjectivity and objectivity that empowers them to ignore some degrees of male dominance or to negotiate them, because there are some possibilities in social media and cyberspace like Instageram.

The purpose of writing this article is to study the action of a group of "improved homeless women" as part of the social inferiority on Instagram. Although the group has less access to official media, they have the opportunity to show themselves and their daily lives on social media and social media. Therefore, in this article, the content shared by this group on Instagram was studied. With these questions, what topics do these women share on their Instagram posts? In these images, how does the transition from homelessness to homelessness occur? And in general, what capabilities and opportunities does this social network provide for them as tools and strategies for living their daily lives? This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and the method of thematic analysis and study of 140 Instagram posts from page 10 of the homeless women. Based on the findings of the present paper, three categories of topics including "adorned appearance", "social presence" and "search for peace" were identified in the posts. Despite the lack of past displays in the transition from homelessness to homelessness and the viewing of images of women without a past in these posts, it seems that displaying a new "self" on Instagram has a compensatory function; Such as politics and resistance, which are discussed in Bayat's theory of "quiet progress" and the concept of "tactics of coping."

This paper aims to clarify the relationships between religion, consumption and everyday life. In doing so and relying on new social science theories and key relevant scholars we have identified the interconnections between these concepts and have evaluated their importance in contemporary world from different points of views. Drawing on a plural and multidimensional approach, the joint cause and preoccupation of religion and consumption to create a meaningful life has been discussed. we suggest that the modern life subject has been rather represented as an entity capable of constructing this/her own identity. Religion and consumption as manifested in the forms of religiosity and consumerism forces seek to enjoy the exclusive rights to interpret and make meaning of everyday life and thereby to provide identity for a metropolitan subject.  The paper ends reviewing plural, complex and ambiguous and irreducible dimensions of the relationship religion and consumption pose in everyday urban life.

Among the common themes of the social sciences in Iran, the subject of time has been neglected in spite of its importance, and the poverty of the theoretical literature of sociology around time is quite evident with regard to the books and articles published. In this situation, translating this book into Persian, regardless of its translation defects, is a commendable and valuable work. The focus of this book is on the interrelationships between the concepts of time, consumption, daily life, psychological, social, and cultural factors, and the place of capitalism. Most of its articles have been written with a focus on behavioral theory and simultaneous involvement of micro and macro levels. By questioning the universal understanding of time and benefiting from comparative ethnography and historical analysis, the book is skeptical of common concepts such as traditional equilibrium and turbulent modernity. The experience of time is not shaped by external forces, but by time, being constantly reproduced and transformed by the sequence and timing of daily action. Many and probably most of the processes and actions involved in making time involve the use of things and consumption. The culture of commercial consumption plays an active role in creating value-time regimes.