جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « housing » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Generally architecture can be considered as a dress of life size, and naturally a dress should be provided accordingly proportionate with any quality of life. Therefore, it should be expected the quality of architecture undergoes shifts in accordance to the quality of life change. Transformation in lifestyle during different historical periods and the direct relationship in the forms of housing provide the possibility of investigating the impacts on the house in different historical periods. This research aims at studying the effective factors on the change of the spatial organization in Tabriz houses through the study of the lifestyle change in the contemporary era. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The first part of the research deals with library studies, review of literature, and the second part is related to the field studies and examining the samples in Tabriz from the early revolution and contemporary periods. Finally, the data obtained from interviews and questionnaires that determine the impact of lifestyle on physical structure. The results showed that lifestyle change has a direct impact on the structure of the houses and lack of knowledge and studies in this field has caused that the houses are not suitable for the users' lives in recent years.

Today, neglecting the social and environmental concepts in housing has caused constructions to be measured in the form of a quantitative relationship, that is, the quantitative and numerical relationship of humans economically with the physical dimensions of housing or the people living in it. Thus, considering social values and concepts such as justice in housing has been violated. Therefore, the current research, recognizes the sensitivity of the issue of housing and its role on people's perception of social justice, has found the necessity of payment in this field by relying on the relationship between three environmental, social and physical factors related to housing; with the aim of explaining the role of housing on people's perception of social justice in Tehran as case study. The applied research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative research. Data analysis is done with SPSS version 27 and Smart PLS version 3 software. Findings show that there is a significant relationship between all three environmental, social and physical factors (p<0.05). The direction of the relationship between all three factors is positive and the factors are correlated with each other and affect the citizens' perception of justice; in general, citizens do not consider the housing situation in Tehran fair.

Neoliberal policies have changed the urban realities in the informal settlements of the impoverished in Iran, affecting the struggles of the lower classes to provide and improve housing. However, scholars in the great majority of urban studies, without considering the broader context of political economy, use conventional conceptual tools that are insufficient for comprehending the dynamic and complicated lives of the poor in these settlements.  These studies are largely silent on how the implementation of Structural Adjustment Programs via new urban policies such as privatization of public properties, price liberalization, and deregulation may result in significant changes in informal settlements and, as a result, in the housing practices of subaltern residents in these areas. This study, which focuses on one of the post-liberalization periods (2011-2013), addresses the central question of how the informal housing politics of Iran's urban poor have changed following the Economic Reform and Structural Adjustment. This research’s theoretical starting point is the quiet encroachment of the ordinary, which has been rethought in light of its findingsUsing a qualitative research design, the poor communities of the cities of Golestan and Nasim Shahr in the suburbs of Tehran are the primary focus of this study. Observation, personal interviews (with ordinary people, officials of urban organizations, and local informants), and document review (people’s letters to authorities, archives of local and national newspapers, administrative correspondence, official reports, and journals and books) were used to generate and collect data.The findings of this research indicate that the increasing marketization of the informal realms has significantly prevented the impoverished from illegally acquiring the resources, facilities, and opportunities necessary for constructing shelter or has made achieving this objective costly and difficult. The substantial shift in the disenfranchised’s strategy from horizontal encroachment on lands to vertical encroachment on homes, as well as the expansion of tenancy in the deprived and marginalized settlements, are indicative of this reality. Even in remote areas, the pervasive presence of market forces throughout the socio-spatial configuration may aid state surveillance apparatuses and prevent the occupation of uncontrolled holes by impoverished people. According to the evidence, there is a significant population of poor tenants in deprived villages, where it is easier to violate the law to seize land and construct housing.Under neoliberal policies, “informal” or marginal areas, which Bayat views as a potential alternative to enduring the hardships of the modern world, have increasingly become a battleground for the incursion of disempowering market forces.

The potentials of housing provision in deteriorated urban zones as part of the Iranian government’s national housing programs (e.g., national housing initiative and now national housing movement) has attracted the attention of policymakers. Yet, little action has been taken so for to realize such potentials. The Tehran Municipality has however implemented a “home exchange” initiative in the past as part of its renovation program in the city’s deteriorated zones—entailing the voluntary relocation of owners of dilapidated housing units to replacement homes. This activity appears to constitute the only experience of housing provision in deteriorated zones involving the local government. Its assessment against some adequate housing criteria could arguably benefit the formulation and implementation of future housing initiatives in deteriorated urban zones. In this study, the “home exchange” experiences associated with two of Tehran’s neighborhoods—Atabak and Minabi—are analyzed.

A qualitative approach was employed for the analysis and data were collected through observations and interviews with three groups of stakeholders—local residents, public sector, and private sector—as well as a review of documents. A total of 30 interviews were conducted. The investigation relied on a set of adequate housing criteria, which included construction quality, cultural compatibility, inclusiveness, affordability, and adequacy of access to infrastructure and services. Based on these, separate interview themes were prepared for different stakeholders.

Findings indicate that the housing initiatives carried out under the auspices of Tehran Municipality in the studied neighborhoods’ deteriorated zones have been successful in meeting some of the adequate housing criteria. These specifically include ensuring an acceptable level of construction quality and incorporating some cultural considerations in the initiatives. However, the activities have failed achieve any reasonable level of inclusiveness. Furthermore, providing quality housing for a section of the society has taken place at the expense of reduced levels of services/infrastructure or diminished housing affordability for vulnerable groups. Finally, public-private partnership between Tehran Municipality Renovation Organization and housing corporations for the purpose of carrying out large-scale projects has met failure due to their lack of economic justification. In contrast, many of the small-scale projects have done well in securing the needed investment and being completed in an acceptable manner.

Findings highlight the importance of participation by the local community and the private sector in the provision of adequate housing in deteriorated urban zones. To enhance the participation process, it is necessary to clearly identify the role of and the benefits accrued to each stakeholder and make maximum use of the potential resources of the responsible agency along with the housing corporations. There is also a need for public-sector investment in the provision of services/infrastructure and supervision over private-sector performance. Of further note is that the scarcity or inadequacy of housing finance, especially for low-income groups and current renters, is a major issue that precludes inclusiveness of the activities.

The aim of the present study was sociological analysis of Mehr housing massification policy and its role in reducing social inequality under study (Mehr housing in the new phase of Hashtgerd and Shahr Lahijan in Gilan province). The research method is Grounded Theory and the studied population includes all citizens with their families living in Mehr housing in Hashtgerd city and Lahijan city in Gilan province. First, the sampling was purposeful and continued until the theoretical saturation stage. In the current research, interviews were conducted with 16 households, the head of the household living in Mehr Housing. Collected data were coded, conceptualized and categorized. Then, central and selective coding was done and based on concepts and core categories, the next samples were selected for interview. The findings of the research were based on the research paradigm model in five axes (causal conditions, intervening conditions and background conditions, strategies and consequences). The results of the research showed that the quantitative and qualitative problems of Mehr housing, poor location, economic security problems, environmental welfare problems and institutional problems are the most important problems of Mehr housing in the scope of the study, which are all rooted in the poor management of the various stages of the implementation of the Mehr housing project, and in case of neglect According to the identified problems, in the not-so-distant future, these social housing will face more complex and critical challenges.

Undoubtedly, privacy with the tool of spatial hierarchy has been one of the main criteria for designing and building Islamic cities. Islam's emphasis on privacy has caused this characteristic to affect all social and cultural aspects of which architecture is one of its manifestations. The architecture of buildings is designed to respond to the cultural and environmental needs of people. Since the model of the contemporary houses of Kermanshah is to some extent proof of the disregard for the principle of privacy in Iranian architecture and culture, providing a model for maintaining privacy in modern houses based on the typology of housing seems to be one of the necessities. This research aims to know the spatial hierarchy in creating privacy in the historical typology of houses. By investigating the spatial hierarchy in creating privacy, the evolution of these spaces in the houses of three eras was investigated. The research method is descriptive-analytical, with an emphasis on logical reasoning. The research findings show that in the historical houses (traditional and transition period) of Kermanshah, the hierarchy in entering the house has been proportional to the needs of the residents, and this proportionality is less in the priority of attention of today's designers. Therefore, by creating a hierarchy in the entrance space, in addition to creating privacy, it is possible to achieve a proper definition of private and semi-private spaces in contemporary (modern) houses and to prevent disruption in the use and identity of other spaces.

In a minority society, culture is more tangible and locates the individual in the larger society. So far, in terms of Armenian lifestyle (in housing) and dealing with it closely, few studies have been conducted. The present study is based on the principle that one of the main pillars of housing quality is the connection of the house with the culture by which the people live. To improve the quality of housing in which a family resides with-in a certain community who share common characteristics, it is necessary to increase the cultural and habitat correspondence. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of lifestyle on housing and subsequent effects of Armenian social and individual lifestyle patterns on their neighborhood, the exterior and interior layout and how to use housing. Before results analysis, to achieve the research objectives through a mixed re-search method, case studies have been taken in an Armenian neighborhood of Tehran. Also, in qualitative part of the study, daily life of the residents in the housing and out-side area, as well as short interviews with residents have been conducted and validated using space syntax analysis techniques. The results show that people engage in activities throughout the day, week, month and year, depending on everything that goes into their lifestyle. These are reflected in specific functions in specific places of the house and eventually, there are spaces that are more important regarding to Armenians’ activities.

This article seeks to answer the question of what was the process of housing reconstruction after the November 2017 earthquake in Sarpol-e Zahab and with what challenges? . The method of the present study was qualitative and was used to analyze information and interviews using thematic analysis. Based on the purposive sampling method as well as the theoretical saturation criterion, in-depth and semi-established interviews were conducted with 35 people born in the earthquake and 15 people with specialization. The findings of this study show that the trainee government is the federal government, uses public resources for personal gain, reconstructs delays and slowness of the process, unsupported promises and does not happen in practice, the bureaucracy governing licensing, Do not believe in heat Bank loans, poverty and sexual inequality, empirical experience and preparation of reconstruction authorities, lack of public participation,, , macroeconomic challenges The country was one of the main challenges of reconstruction after the November 2017 earthquake in the city of Sarpol-e Zahab, which was an incomplete and unfinished physical reconstruction. . Based on the research findings, the use of a comprehensive program for the reconstruction of the area, which includes the physical reconstruction of other social areas, such as paying attention to your needs and empowering vulnerable groups, paying attention to cultural issues and the quality of the urban environment. Necessities are available.

One of the most important areas which influences on architecture and urbanization is economy and its various components. During recent decades, due to changes in contemporary economic affairs of Iran, the architecture and urbanization of the country have undergone many changes which a significant part of these changes is rooted in the liberal-capitalist economic system. Accordingly, the problem that has been dealt with in this article is the study of the effects of the liberal-capitalist economic system on architecture and urbanization, and in particular, the contemporary physical spatial transformations of Iran.This article has been used to deepen this problem by a combining method (consisting of documentary method for data collecting and qualitative content analysis method for data analysis). According to the findings of this study, many of the problems of contemporary architecture and urbanization in Iran, such as the emergence of polarization and class differentiation in urban areas, the emergence of row housing phenomenon, the degradation of quality in biosphere spaces and the diminution of these spaces and etc., all are rooted in the effects of the liberal capitalist system which in this paper, the role of this economic system in the process of occurrence of these problems is explained.

Informal settlements or self-building cores and non-authorized settlements are part of living in megalopolis of Iran.In Iran,housing,specially,urban housing have faced with several difficulties and challenges.Informal settlements are part of these challenges in cities of Iran.Informal, marginality and slum neighborhoods informal living spaces and urban abnormal spaces and all of them are reflect of pathologic economy and spatial planning weakness management and also are reflect of social-economic injustice in local,regional and national levels.Informal settlements as urban harms have specific significance and position in urban and social studies.Research method is survey.Research results shows intensity of  economic problems,social insatisfaction,housing problem and intensity  of health and environmental problems.Main emphasis of paper is the implementation of two models rehabilitation and empowerment in informal settlement neighborhoods of Sari.

Today, considering the discussion about identity in contemporary architecture and also the requirements and capacities of indigenous culture, attention to knowledge (cognitions) and insight (existential philosophy) values ​​of Islamic culture in housing architecture in order to move towards explaining the Iranian Islamic model. it seems necessary. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to identify the behavioral and moral values ​​of religious culture in the field of housing and to develop effective design strategies for its application in the general housing policies of the country in order to improve and enhance the quality of contemporary housing. In this regard, first, some valuable propositions in the design of the house are extracted from the sources of tradition and Sharia, in the course of documentary and library studies, and are expressed with reference to the Holy Quran; Then, a combined method (consisting of qualitative content analysis and analytical-inferential reasoning) is used to infer the propositions and the proposed design solutions are presented.Findings show that religious values ​​emphasize home hospitality, home privacy and avoidance of luxury and extravagance; In order to evaluate each of these principles and in describing them, valuable statements such as "the guest is God's beloved", "the house of the sanctuary is safe" and "extravagance is forbidden" have been proposed.Although these values ​​were mainly present in the texture and traditional houses of Iran, but today they are absent and unknown in the design of many contemporary houses. Therefore, a Muslim should use Islamic principles and embody its body (manesh) to provide a reflection of the practice of these values ​​(kunesh) to improve the quality of life.

Culture is an effective factor in the behavioral arena of any society, which can be seen in its configuration and spatial structure. Finding a way to read past architectural patterns is one of the concerns of any architecture. One of these data mining techniques is space syntax, or syntax, which plays a key role in discovering the mathematical relationships in space communications and can provide a measure of space utility. On the one hand, home and housing, as one of the most basic needs of human beings and human society is one of the most important forms of social organization of space, with little contemplation in today's housing it is not possible to receive an outreach response and in that sense has been reduced to mere shelter. In this study, while introducing the Space Syntax approach, the concept of depth in indigenous Qajar housing in Isfahan is investigated, which is directly related to communications, spatial territories, composition and types of public and private spaces, spatial hierarchy and privacy. The method used in this study is descriptive-analytic and comparative analogy. It has been used with the GrassHopper and Space Syntax plugin to minimize it. Results showed the courtyard as a central structure which forms in the middle layers of the house structure and has the most connection, and spaces such as warehouses, toilets, staircases and corridors are the least connected and introduces it as one of the most private spaces, so the corridors and joints also have a greater degree of interconnection and connection than rooms, and are less in depth.

Residential policy-making is one of the critical subject areas of urban policy-making. Due to the strong social aspect of housing and its tremendous effects on macro- and micro-economy, the provision of housing is within the obligations of the public sector. The public policy-making that ignores housing as a social right, culminates in urban spatial inequality. The housing problem in Tehran, which is both a part of an inclusive national problem and an urban problem of this metropolis, has given rise to spatial inequality. Understanding the impact of urban policies and tracking the causes of the emergence of residential inequality enables policy-making to address and tackle this planning problem. This paper focuses on the process and the content of the influential sectoral and integrated spatial residential policies implemented in Tehran to explore the effects of various policies on spatial inequality.To achieve this purpose, a dual descriptive-analytical path, based on the deductive research strategy, is designed. Utilizing a combined comparative and longitudinal analysis of the housing condition and thematic content analysis of policies in temporal-politically defined periods, and based on the criteria defined in the first section of this article, we explored the spatial inequality in Tehran.Our findings indicate a great distance concerning the agendas of these policies and a manner of policy-making that could effectively encounter inequality as a complex -- though avoidable -- urban problem of Tehran. This paper suggests an approach and framework for residential policy-making that is able enough to deal with the problem of spatial inequality in Tehran in general and especially in its housing structure.

Understanding the developments of social-welfare policies in governments after the Islamic Revolution is one of the most important sociological issues. In this regard, the present analytical-comparative article has been written with the aim of identifying why and how change and even conflict in social-welfare policies in Ahmadinejad and Rouhani governments. In response to why and how the conflict in the social-welfare policies of the two governments, the hypothesis presented emphasizes that although the social-welfare policies of the two governments have been affected by rents and oil revenues and within the idealism of the political system, but The dominance of populist approaches in Ahmadinejad's government and with a little neoliberal tolerance in the Rouhani government has paved the way and led to change and conflict in the social-welfare policies of the two governments. Findings and results show that in at least four dimensions of education, social security and health, as well as housing, which are the main dimensions of social policy, both governments, despite being influenced by two different political approaches; There have been and are conflicts, contradictions and turmoil in social policy, and in some cases it has not even had any social policy and social policy has been practically abandoned.

Upon falling into oblivion of Iranian style of architecture in contemporary housing projects, aspects of the Islamic concept of architecture is absent from Iranian modern houses. Construction of buildings is now far from the traditional Iranian architectural style that once entailed rich Iranian-Islamic culture. This paper intends to study and analyze houses in the historical fabric of Gorgan, the capital city of Golestan Province, Iran, based on Iranian-Islamic architectural style and the influence Iranian architecture has received from the developments in modern architecture. The research method is applied-comparative and the study is interpretive-historical in nature. The statistical population consists of residential houses situated in the historical fabric of Gorgan and the ideal sample size has been calculated based on the Cochran formula 322. Questionnaires have been distributed based on simple technique of random sampling. SPSS, Excel, the One Sample t Test and the Pearson correlation coefficient have been used for data analysis. The results of Pearson test indicate “overlooking” with a coefficient of 0.357, “comfort” with a coefficient of 0.483, “privacy” with a coefficient of 0.297 and the “security of commuting for women and children” with a coefficient of 0.142 in the state of living of the settlers of houses situated in the historical fabric of the city of Gorgan, showing a meaningful and direct relation. Also, the results of One Sample t Test indicate there is a 95 percent meaningful and influential relation between satisfaction over living in the historical fabric and the degree of access to the services and facilities, sense of belongingness to the place of living, environmental indicators, the variable of liveliness, and neighborhood relations.

 This article studies the policy of housing in Iran. Housing policy as the next dimension of social policy can be influenced by the orientations and approaches of governments. However, there is no accurate indication of how different governments are oriented towards housing policy in Iran. This is especially important for low-income groups. The question of this research is that how did governments influence the housing policy of low-income groups? To answer this question, the housing policy was examined in two dimensions of legal input and Executive output over the years 1979 to 2013 using qualitative data. The results of the study showed that housing policy in the legal input was influenced by the government's approach. But from the executive perspective, despite the difference in the type of housing policy in different governments, the results and practices of housing policy have been similar to those of low-income groups. It means that Government policies have so far not been able to make such a viable and effective operation that lowers incomes to their right to provide adequate housing. Therefore, informal settlement has increased and the amount of homelessness has been increased over the recent years. With the advent of the first decade of the revolution, housing policy has so far provided for the accumulation of capital for traders and, on the other hand, has led to the Lack of citizenship for the majority of society. This situation has led to the commoditization of land and the growth of its exchange value. Keywords:</strong> Housing, State, Rent, Social Justice, Social Policy.