جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « stem cells » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Identifying and diffusion of a new type of cells known as stem cells is among new findings in medical science. Stem cells are capable of regulating human body’s safety system, reproduction, regeneration, transformation into specialized cells (differentiation) with a more specific function and tissue repair, for which they have drawn attention of scientists during the recent years.In vitro embryo is one major source of stem cell that practically puts an end to the life of embryo. Now questions arise vis-à-vis such practice: Is putting an end to embryo life for stem cell extraction and medical treatment religiously permissible or justifiable? Are we allowed to generate embryo for stem cell extraction? This study, developed through a descriptive-analytical methodology and a review of diversified fundamentals of embryo, jurisprudential sources in particular, intends to present a new criterion for embryo life and to prove worthiness and full human life status for in vitro embryo from the moment of gamete maturation. Apparently, proving human worthiness and dignity at the stage of gamete maturation with the criterion of embryo purposefulness and resorting to the principle of contradiction and rejection of distress and constriction, the practice of putting an end to the life of in vitro embryo becomes justifiable. However, this reasoning falls short of justifying embryo regeneration for destruction. By virtue of a legal ruling by Imam Khomeini, we have tried to infer permissibility of taking the life of in vitro embryo by analogical reasoning on priority of rulings.

Today, with the expansion of new medical knowledge and technologies, jurisprudence has faced many challenges. One of these types of issues is the use of ovarian tissue stem cells to obtain genetic eggs from infertile women for medical fertility. Stem cells are primary and mother cells of all cells that have the ability to transform into all body cells and can be effective in repairing different body tissues and replacing damaged cells. By cultivating the stem cells that exist in an ovarian tissue, it is possible to reach a mature egg, and by using the IVF technique in the clinical department, it is possible to help people whose egg reserve is low to treat infertility. In this research, from a jurisprudential point of view and with an analytical and ijtihad methodThe legality or illegitimacy of using these types of cells to obtain a fake egg from the ovarian tissue and its legal reasons will be investigated. The current research shows that considering the incompleteness of the evidences that have been established on the sanctity of the use of stem cells, despite some conditions, it can be ruled that this practice is permissible, and even this method is better than some other treatment methods such as gamete donation and A fetus from a stranger, which is considered and challenged in terms of its lineage and branches, will have more priority.

The use of stem cells in the production of germ cells and embryo is among the newest topics in the field of reproductive biotechnology. These cells have regenerative power and capacity for differentiation and transformation into other types of body cells. Meanwhile, the issue of guardianship over children created from stem cells is a problem which majority of jurisprudents attempt to justify and accept. However, the existence of opposition should not be ignored. The main concern of this research is that whether the title of paternity is totally denied or it is valid when the embryo is taken from a man’s cell or taken from a woman’s cell alone and becomes an embryo; whether in the first case, the guardianship, under any condition, belongs to the cell owner who is a man; and whether in the second case, the evidence of guardianship over the child holds for this woman as the mother or as a valid case of paternity as well, or the ruler is the guardian of the child and grants this guardianship to the cell owner who is a woman. In this article, the opinions of jurisprudents are expressed and examined on different possible conditions of embryo formation from stem cells, that is, from skin or bone marrow, either of them belonging only to a child, a woman, or a man.