جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « رسم الخط قرآن » در نشریات گروه « علوم قرآن و حدیث »

The present research studies the orthography and method of the writing of the Quran and seek to find a simple and easy method in the field of writing and orthography of the Holy Quran; A method that, in addition to avoiding the complexities of writing, is also consistent with the rules of writing, and in the shortest time, without any difficulty, can help its learners to read the Holy Quran fluently. Therefore, by collecting various narrations and many analyzes from scholars of the past and present and using the library method and analytical-descriptive processing, while finding the most efficient methods of writing, it is also searching for its legitimacy with the assistance of strong documents and sources. The current research begins with the examination of the orthography and method of the writing Quran and ends with the proposed orthography and method of the writing extracted from the existing Qurans.

Tashkent Codex is the most famous Codex in terms of its attribution to ʿUthmān. The books al-Muqniʿ and Mukhtaṣar al-Tabyīn are the most important sources containing the orthography of the ʿUthmānic codices and the main criterion for measuring the Quranic Orthography. This article tries to compare the orthography of Tashkent codex with the traditions of these two books and assess the orthography reports. The words of Tashkent codex are divided into three categories: 1. Words that are consistent with the traditions of the two books of al-Muqniʿ and Mukhtaṣar al-Tabyīn; 2. Words that are consistent only with the traditions of al-Muqniʿ or Mukhtaṣar al-Tabyīn; 3. Words that are inconsistent with the traditions of the books of al-Muqniʿ and Mukhtaṣar al-Tabyīn. Words that are inconsistent with the traditions of Sheykheyn in this codex can be divided into two parts: A) Words that do not correspond to the traditions of Sheykheyn, But other scholars have mentioned it; B) Words that do not correspond to the traditions of Sheykheyn and also there is no any other traditions confirming that orthography. The result of the study indicates that the orthography traditions should be supplemented and corrected in some cases by referring directly to the ancient codices.

The adherence of a reading to the Accepted Uthmanic Text (Rasm al-Mushaf) is one of the important criteria in accepting the reading. This Criterion which promulgated after Uthmanic collection of the Quran for the purpose of excluding some companions’ Readings, has had a lot of changes in later times. Criterion of Rasm was at first used to represent the adherence of a reading to the written text generally, but in later times it was examined in more detail.  In addition, there had been some Readers who payed less attention to the written text of the Quran which led to serious conflictions in some cases like Ibn Shanabudh’s case. In general, the criterion of adherence to Rasm al-Mushaf has had five important historical stages as the following: 1- starting to pay attention to the written text of the Quran as a criterion; 2- promulgation of the discourse of Rasm al-Mushaf; 3- widespread use of Rasm al- Mushaf in reasonings; 4- stabilization of Rasm al-Mushaf criterion 5- final revising of Rasm al-Mushaf criterion.

In this article, the writer reviews and criticizes the reasons given in the article “Rasm al-Muṣḥaf; Characteristics and Viewpoints” [written by the learned scholar Mr. Muḥsin Rajabi, published in Mishkat No. 104, winter 1388] declaring the orthography of the Qur’an to be subject to scriptural ruling (tawqifi) and made the following 1. Orthography of the Qur’an is not tawqifi. 2. The term Uthmani orthography is correct. 3. A considerable part of the reasons for difference in writing words in the orthography of the Qur’an can be revealed on the basis of difference in qira’at (readings). 4. Difference of writing words in the orthography of the Qur’an is not based on the meaning; rather, a major part of it is likely to be originated from difference in qira’at. 5. It seems that as the Qur’an has not recast a new procedure in employment of Arabic literature, so has it also dealt with writing of the Qur’an and has left it up to people.

The Noble Prophet (S.A.W.)'s endeavor in compilation of the Quran along with its recitation and teaching how to recite it led to the gradual formation of the science of rasm al-Muṣḥaf (orthography of the Quran). The reason for the difference between the orthography of some of the words of the Quran with the same word as it is commonly recited and the permissibility for the change and alteration of the orthography aiming at facilitating the education and promotion of the Quran has been one of the most important issues concerning the science of rasm al-Muṣḥaf since the early centuries of the Islamic calendar. While studying various viewpoints, the present writing analyzes the views that consider the difference in orthography as a result of the mistakes committed by the writers of Revelation or due to the deficiency and primitiveness of the Arabic script, and proves it as wrong.