جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سبب نزول » در نشریات گروه « علوم قرآن و حدیث »

According to verse 36 of Sura Al-Aḥzāb, no believing man or believing woman should stand before God's decree, because whoever disobeys God and His Messenger has gone astray. Suyūtī has narrated three narrations about this verse in "Lubāb Al-Nuqūl". In the first two narrations, the Prophet proposes Zaynab bint Jaḥsh to Zayd, but she gets angry and refuses the Prophet's order, and this behavior of hers causes the revelation of the verse. However, according to the third narration, after the Prophet's proposal to Umm Kulthūm bint Uqba for Zayd, she and her brother stand against the Prophet's command, which leads to the revelation of the verse. Historical evidence shows that these two events had a significant time gap from each other and due to this difference, the sum of two narrations for one verse will be accompanied by doubts. The current research tries to date the time of events and the revelation of the verse with a descriptive-analytical method and focusing on historical reports. The history of the events shows that the revelation of the verse is ruled out due to the behavior of Umm Kulthūm, because he was not present in Madinah at that time. But the marriage date of Zayd and Zaynab is more compatible with the revelation of the verse.

Surah Al-e Imran is one of the Madani Surahs of the Qur’an, the possibility of all its verses being revealed at once is very close to mind due to the existence of interconnection, coherence, and perfect fit between its 200 verses. Examining the collection of verses of this surah indicates that the atmosphere of its revelation is based on the characteristics, conditions, and special events that happened during the revelation of this surah. The main content of Surah Al-e Imran refers to the call of believers to unity and patience against the enemies of Islam. This article has been compiled using the descriptive-analytical method and seeks to answer the question: “What is the reason for the coincidence between the revelation of Surah Al-e Imran and the events related to polytheists, hypocrites, and people of the book?” The result of this research is that the existence of a connection between the verses of Surah Al-e Imran and the functions of each of the mentioned clans at the time of their revelation is an indisputable fact and various topics such as monotheism, the various attributes of God, resurrection, jihad, enjoining good and forbidding wrong, tawalla, tabarra, and Hajj, as well as the narration of prophetic histories such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and the story of Mary, and the lessons of the Uhud and Badr battles during this surah, can be evidence of the correctness of the aforementioned result.

Principles and rules of interpretation, which are the general rules and propositions for inferring the meanings of the Holy Qur'an, are very important matters that adhere to it prevents the commentator from misunderstanding and provides a good basis for correct interpretation of the Qur'an. Discovering and extracting the mentioned principles and rules, especially about important and influential Shiite interpretations, is one of the new topics in the field of interpretive discussions and is an important step to know the interpreter's basics for interpreting verses. In Tasnim's commentary, Mr. Javadi Amoli has used several rules to understand the verses more accurately, each of which in turn can lead to a better understanding of his intellectual system and the audience will benefit more from his commentary. This attention to the rule of cause of descent is the subject of the present study. The results of this article showed that the commentator Tasnim considers only the cause of revelations to be valid if they are narrations and have a correct document. In his view, the scope of influence of such narrations is such that they are in harmony with the general lines of the Qur'an, otherwise they will be abandoned. Also, from their point of view, such narrations can only express an example of the general meaning of the verses, and therefore, they cannot be used as interpretations in the interpretation of the Qur'an.

The cause of revelation is narrations narrated from the infallibles companions and followers, all of which do not have the same value. One of the ways to trust these narrations is to be confirmed by the verses, to be in line with the context of the verses and to be valid in their document and text. The narrations regarding verse 37 of surah Al_Ahzab which are related to marriage of the Prophet (PBUH) to his adopted son’s ex-wife, Zainab bint Jahsh are of two categories.The first group considers the reason for this marriage to be divine revelation and the second group considers it due to the Prophet(PBUH)‘s love for Zainab. The content of these two groups of narrations causes conflict and differences of opinon about the ambiguty of the pharse “And you were concealing in your heart what Allah was going to reveal, and you were fearing people, while Allah is more entitled to be feared by you” is mentioned in the verse. In this study, the narrations were prepared according to the date of the first narrators‘ death and considering the characteristics of the source, document, Text, context of verses and historical evidence it was found that the narrations of the second group (Ten Haddiths) did not appear in the first hand sources. In terms of document, it faces weaknesses such as weak or unknown narrators, interrupption and submission of document. In textual studies, the scattering of texts, contradictions and lack of explicitness weaknes these narrations. In addition the context doesn’t conform it, and the available cvidence reinforces the theory that these  hadiths are fabricated.

It has been narrated that many revelations have been related about the revelation of Surah ʿĀdīyāt, which are effective in theological and historical topics in addition to the field of interpretation. Despite the many researches that have been done in this field, more use of historical topics and related evidences regarding the cause for the revelations of this Surah is still needed. The current research aims to investigate some of the narratives that led to the revelation of the beginning verses of this surah to examine those narratives that use explicit words to determine the cause for the revelation of these verses by making more use of historical topics. Historical discussions show that some of the narratives, such as the revelation of Surah ʿĀdīyāt for the Battle Badr or some military campaigns towards Banī Kanānah, contain points that are not compatible with the context of the Surah and cannot be accepted as the cause for its revelation. Also, some of the narratives referring to some persons, such as the revelation of Surah ʿĀdīyāt regarding the war under the command of Musayib ibn ʿAmr and Mundhir ibn ʿAmr, are not in line with the historical reports received about those persons. In the meantime, only some of the narratives such as the narrative narrated by Imam Ṣādiq (as), the narrative of Abū Dhar, the report of Sheikh Mufīd and the report of Ibn Shahr Āshūb regarding the revelation of Surah ʿĀdīyāt in the honor of Imam Ali (as) have been accepted in order to be compatible with historical issues; and historical analysis can determine the time range of the revelation of the beginning verses of this surah to some extent based on some of these narratives.

The virtue of the Ahl al-Bayt is taken from numerous verses in the Qur'an, including the eighth verse of Surah Al-Insan. The Republic of Shiite commentators knows the reason for its revelation about the Ahl al-Bayt: but the Sunni commentators are not in agreement on this issue, some agree with the Shiite commentators on the reason for its revelation, They do not reject the verse and some of them look at it with denial. Qurtubi is one of those deniers who has based his denial on the suspicion of Tirmidhi. This article has criticized the suspicions of al-Tirmidhi and his arrogance in the form of two kinds of violations and dissent, and the suspicion of Mecca and civilization of the surah. As a result, the doubts mentioned in the holy verse have been rejected and the way of proof has caused its revelation. 

Awareness of the conceptual and structural developments of various sciences and the study of its framework and ideas in its historical context is an effective tool for evaluating the data and methods of that field. Numerous studies have been done in the field of Narratives of the sabab al-nuzūl, But so far, the role of conceptual and structural developments in the asbab al-nuzūl in various historical periods has not been considered as one of the important tools in explaining different approaches to evaluating of Narratives of the sabab al-nuzūl. This article is a descriptive-analytical method that seeks to examine and critique these developments and their impact on the evaluation of these narratives. To this end, the conceptual and structural developments of the asbab al-nuzūl have been studied in different periods from the life of the Prophet (peace be upon him), the Companions and the Subordinates to the recording and narration of narratives and the formulation of theoretical frameworks with a new approach. Further, the evolution of the notion of sabab al-nuzūl and its relation to terms such as descent, descent space, and descent atmosphere, along with the discussion of whether or not to permit the sabab al-nuzūl, as a supplement to explain the impact of the historical glance on understanding the types of exposure and evaluating the Narratives of the sabab al-nuzūl. The results of this article determine the impact of each of the aforementioned topics on the narrative evaluation process that leads to the revelation and detection of counterfeiting.

The distinction between the narratives of the place and the occasion of revelation of surah “Al-Insan” has created an interpretative gap between the researchers of the two-sects and caused them to pass through and avoid using each other's narratives. To recognize correctness and authenticity of its narratives, interpretation-researchers have conducted numerous text and documentary studies. However, the question arises that “which method is appropriate to provide an interpretation that is consistent with reality in order to determine the quality of the distinction?” In this paper, by comparing different methods, the method of comparing and analyzing narratives was chosen as one of the suitable way to determine the quality of differentiation and providing a consistent interpretation. Hence, in order to benefit from narratives interpretation of Shia and Sunni, this paper by this approach, follow the most important interpretations of the two sects, Nur Al-Thaqalain and Al-Dur Al-Manthour. According to the studies, it seems that a different kind of conflict has been mentioned in the narratives of Al-Dur Al-Mansthour, as the narratives of Nur Al-Thaqalain are in line with one of them; but after solving this problem in the book of Al-Dur Al-Manthour, the result is in line with the Nur Al-Thaqalin’s narratives. This research believe that there is sharing in the place and occasions of revelation in these two interpretations, and argue that the narratives of the revelation of this surah in Mecca is based on the political condition and the pressures on narrator. The difference in the occasions of revelation is also caused by the expression of the examples of the verses, toleration in the word “revelation” and coincidence and the companionship of the companions with the Prophet (PBUH) during the revelation of the verses.

Undoubtedly, in order to understand the Qurchr('39')an, the audience must be aware of the angles of the revelation of the Qurchr('39')an, culture, customs, environment, dignity and means of revelation.Such an understanding will not be achieved without concerning whatever said. This article is to examine the relationship between the first verses of the surah   Al-Imran and the event of Mubahila in three parts with the plan of dating Surah Al-Imran and the historical event of Mubahila, a study of signification and authenticity of  verses and narrations, correspondence and the arrival of tribes in Medina, gives a clear and correct understanding of the non-coincidence of the revelation of the verses of Surah Al-Imran and the event of Mubahila. The concurrence of verse 61 of Al-Imran with the occurrence of Mubahila, caused confusion caused by revelation and coincidence in revelation.  Surah Al-Imran has been revealed in the third year by examining the authenticity and signification, considering the narrations of the order of revelation and definite historical events in the verses. Despite the fact that Mubahila is a definite historical event, it does not coincide with the decline of Al-Imran. The article is written by descriptive-analytical method and using verses, narrations and historical documents.

The historiography of the Qur'an is considered a suitable criterion and tool for correcting or confirming many narrations,the causes of revelation,the order of revelation,Mecca and civilization, and the history of the ProphetThe following article, with an analytical and descriptive method and with the aim of getting acquainted with the correct and effective principles and criteria of the history of the Holy Quran,examines the dating methods of the commentators so that the solutions and possibility of writing new interpretations can be examined based on the order of revelation. Explaining the benefits of related items,he made an effort: The authenticity of the narrations of revelation,such as Jalaluddin Farsi;The originality of statistical and mathematical estimates, such as Bazargan Engineer; The original originality of the context, such as the dignity of the lesson; How to identify historical contexts, such as Dr. Faraskhah and Samih NazalThe ijtihad method of summarizing history and context in identifying the cause of revelation, such as Dr. Abed alJabri and Mullah Hash AlGhazi;The result of this research is that these theories alone cannot suggest a comprehensive method for dating the history of the Holy Qur'an. The selected focus is on this ijtihad-based combination process which can complete the path to the future of Quranic studies and cognition by completing Rajali's studies,tactics,and history in terms of statistical and mathematical probabilities.

Dating or determining the Revelation time of Sūras, although a new heading in Qur’anic researches, its underlying sciences such as the Revelation order, Revelation occasion, etc. have been under consideration since early Islam. The importance of determining whether the Sūras are Meccan or Medinan would cause correction of impression, distinction of the sound from the unsound, and prevention from inferring irrelevant meanings and referents from the Sūras of the Qur’an. There is disagreement concerning the place and time of the Revelation of a few Sūras, including Sūrat al-Qadr. By compiling and analyzing the reports on the Revelation order, Revelation occasion, study of the information of the Sūras revealed along with this Sūra, the approximate time and place of this Sūra can be achieved. As for Sūrat al-Qadr, a sound dating would prevent mingling of Revelation occasion with the application of the Sūra to several events. With a descriptive-analytical approach, this research is intended to prove Sūrat al-Qadr as Medinan in the fourth or fifth year of the Prophetic Mission (bi‘tha) before the Prophet’s (S.A.W.) migration.

Traditionally, researchers have regarded documents and texts as two complementary methods in evaluating or criticizing narratives. However, considering the inherent problems associated with the narratives underlying the occasion of revelation (Sabab al-nuzūl), the most reliable and at the same time challenging way to obtain reliable narratives is to employ them as a way of obtaining a proper understanding of the Qur'anic verses. Consistency or inconsistency with the Qur'an, authenticity of a narrative, historical reports and discoursal requirements are the main criteria frequently used by Qur'anic scholars to confirm or reject narratives underlying the occasion of revelation, which have been inspired by the indicators proposed in the traditional Islamic narratives and sciences such as Fiqh al-Hadith, Ekhtelāf al-Hadith and principles of jurisprudence. This paper, while introducing these criteria, reviews their methodological flaws with respect to the structure and application and presents some suggestions on how to address them. The privative, passive and incoherent approach in applying these criteria and the incompatibility of these criteria and rules with the historical nature of the narratives underlying the occasion of revelation are the major structural problems in this area. Further studies on the occasion of revelation and designing affirmative, active and coherent methods for assessing narratives underlying the occasion of revelation can be a step forward in overcoming shortcomings in this area and exploiting its capacity on a large scale.

Knowledge to the cause of revelation of the Quran is one the important sciences for understanding the Quran. Commentators and Quran scholars pay attention to Sabab al-Nozoul and its function for understanding of the Quran. So, they apply them in various types. Sabab al-Nozoul Narrations have different functions in exegesis such as: Explaining of the meaning of the word, determining of the time of revelation of surah and verses, explaining of the law verses, explaining of the ambiguous verses, explaining of the details of the Quran stories specially Prophet Mohammad story. This research through descriptive - analytical method is going to study position of Sabab al-Nozoul narrations, their Functions and their Criticism Criteria in Atyab al-Bayan Commentary as a contemporary Shiite interpretation. After a complete study of the interpretation, comprehensive and detailed information regarding Sabab al-Nozoul narrations, amount of benefit and quality of quotation will be presented. Then functions of this kind of Hadith in Atyab al-Bayan will be clarified. Lastly, expressing of criteria of criticism and analysis of Sabab al-Nozoul narrations based on Sayyed abdoul Husein Tayeb point of view and their critical analysis are presented. The result shows that the author of Atyab al-Bayan have a very critical approach to Sabab al-Nozoul narrations and apply some criteria for analysis them as well as solving the confliction among them.

Historical verses have taken a considerable part of the verses of the Qur'an and, at the same time, have been left out of focus. What is the meaning of the historical verses, the extent of its distribution and frequency in the Qur'an, and what classification of these verses can be presented and basically, what is the point of distinguishing these verses from other verses of the Qur'an? There are questions can be answered in this article. Hence we will devise a comprehensive overview of the Qur'anic historical verses to rely on a more comprehensive look at this section of the Qur'anic verses. The study of these verses will show that two approaches (minimal and maximal) could be proposed regarding to the historical verses. Based on this, we first examine the structure of the historical verses and then its features, and then we will explain the relationship between the historical verses with the Bible and, in this regard, we will present a new perspective and a new perspective on "Historical commentary" will also be raised.

There are two different traditions of Imam Ali’s (AS) and Ibn Abbas in Alousi’s Rouh-al-Ma’ani commentary about the reason of the Revelation of surah the Assaulters. According to Imam Ali’s (AS), the reason of the Revelation and the subject of the surah are related to the obligation of pilgrimage to Mecca (Haj), and then, the Quranic verses have been interpretedby virtue of it. On the other hand, based on Ibn Abbas’s viewpoint the reason of the Revelation of the surah is related to the obligation of Holy War (Jihad), and also, he has expressed a different commentary. However, Ibn Abbas has later changed his view with regard to Imam Ali’s (AS) speech. But Alousi insisted on Ibn Abbas’s view is more correct and he preferred it on Imam Ali’s (AS) view. A descriptive-analytic method and a Quranic-narrative approach have been applied in this paper. An analysis of Alousi’s viewpoint has been done by virtue of the document correctness. Findings of the present research indicated although Imam Ali’s (AS) view has some advantages on Ibn Abbas by some reasons and this has been supported by him, contents of the surah implys on both the above-mentioned views.