جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « عثمان بن حنیف » در نشریات گروه « علوم قرآن و حدیث »

Semiotics is a research approach that investigates signs and understands the concepts and hidden meanings in the text. Pierre Giraud's social semiotics focuses on identity signs and social customs that belong to people and shows the groups and their relationships. Through understanding the concepts, this theory reflects the hidden meanings of the signs and differentiates beliefs and thoughts. The two letters of Amir al-Mu'minin (PBUH) to Uthman ibn Hunayf Ansari have a suitable capacity for social semiotic studies and provide a clear reflection of the issues of that era. The present research, using Pierre Giraud's theory, seeks to answer the basic questions regarding the various components and social signs in the letters of Amir al-Mu'minin (PUBH) to Uthman ibn Hunayf. It also aims to indicate the effect of these signs on the actions of the Imam (AS), the actions of his servants, and the prevention of the agents' corruption. The diversity of social signs in the letters, Imam's attention to the class conflict between inferior and superior people by mentioning the identity and society categories, and his special attention to the social, cultural, moral, and religious content are the most important findings of the research. Also, the most important signs of identity in these letters are clothes, nicknames, places, and morals, and the most important signs of social etiquette include categories such as food and the tone of the Imam's speech.

Using various language strategies and tools to present an effective discourse is a great advantage that eloquent should be aware of to achieve the main goal which is communication, and in turn its impact on the audience. The pragmatic competence of the speaker in determining the special mechanisms and tools of any strategy guarantees the achievement action of the receiver. This article aims to investigate the guidance strategy in the letter of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) to Uthman bin Hunayf, his agent in Basra, by using the pragmatic method. The result of the research shows that Amir al-Mu'minin Ali, peace be upon him, as a unique orator in the social political history of Islam, using various discourse strategies, including the guidance strategy, made the thoughts of the audience dynamic in their real world or in the world of the mind. The diversity of guidance mechanisms such as indirect dynamic verbs, reprimanding and warning sentences and interrogative consecutive sentences, moreover the harmony caused by words and rhythm play a big role in the process of persuading the audience. The use of speech act with more frequency shows the dominance of the respect strategy, followed by the questioning mechanism means challenging the audience's mind to find a logical answer and persuading him through inference. The first part of the letter is reprimanding, but after that, it takes on the color of guidance until the end of the letter.

In reading systematic literary texts, including Nahj al-Balaghah, the reader is confronted with aspects such as metric, phonetic and rhetoric aspects; Symbols that are identified by reading the semantic shadow, signs, mechanisms, coordination, and the visible and hidden relationship of the elements of the text and the visible and invisible meanings of these signs. In this article, based on the principles of semiotics and descriptive-analytical method, and by reading the semantic shadow, the forty-fifth letter of Nahj al-Balaghah (Imam's letter to Uthmān ibn Hunaif) has been studied and analyzed.The results of this research show that in the context and structure of this letter, abundance of phonetic elements of words has played a significant role in motivating and inducing meaning to the audience. Also, the repetition of vowels such as "ā" and "ī", which have caused a kind of harmony, reflecting the Imam's inner feeling towards the behavior of the government agent. The frequency of the past verb, which indicates the certainty of the Imam's serious statements and warnings, with the present verb, it conveys attention to the connection between time and advice from the past to the future.The semantic shadow of using the technique of antagonism of metaphor, the visual proportions that made the internal links of the text, is due to Amir al-Mu'minīn's emphasis on motivating the audience to thinking on his behaviors and events and persuade him.

The question about seeking intercession of the Holy Prophet (S) is one of the issues of contention between Wahabis and other Muslims. Muslims generally believe that seeking the Prophet's intercession is allowed and permissible today as it was permissible in his lifetime. One of the reasons for permissibility of this act is Uthman's b. Hanif's tradition which has been narrated in some Sunni books with a reliable chain of transmission. On the contrary, Wahabis have rejected seeking the Holy Prophet's intercession after his demise saying this act is tantamount to believing in invisible power for God's servants; such a belief amounts to shirk (polytheism). That is because Allah, the Exalted, alone is capable of doing things which are invisible and it is not permissible to associate any partners with him in this regard. For this reason, Wahabis are of the view that those who seek intercession are unbelievers. In their belief, Uthman b. Hanif's hadith does not signify permissibility of intercessions nor does it indicate that the predecessors did this. Even if this hadith is assumed to be valid, it still does not indicate permissibility of intercession after the demise of the Prophet (S).
Anyhow, if we look carefully at the purport of this tradition, it is inferred that the hadith, which does not seem to be having any difficulty, signifies permissibility of seeking intercession of the Prophet (S) in the intermediate world, and it can be said that the objections raised by Wahabis is rejected.