جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « worshipping » در نشریات گروه « علوم قرآن و حدیث »

Nawawi is one of the first-rate Sunni scholars who has some tendency toward Ash'ari and Hadith. Paying attention to quoting the Salaf and Nawawi's tendency toward Hadith has caused the Wahhabis to classify him as a Wahhabi. While with scientific investigations, it will be cleared that there is not only no compatibility between Nawawi and Wahhabism, but there is also contradiction between them. This contradiction is evident in the interpretation of Divine Monotheism. According to Nawawi, there is no clash between Divine Monotheism and intercession, Supplication from the dead and so on. But according to Wahhabism these issues are Shirk. Nawawi maintain that the key point in Divine Monotheism is to be independent of not, and the intention of worshipping plays an important role.

Wahhabism is the most important challenge of the Islamic world in the last three centuries. The Wahhabists by excommunicating Muslims have divided the Islamic Ummah and provided an opportunity to attack the enemies of Islam. They maintain that Muslims are worse than the polytheists at the Age of the Holy prophet. According to Wahhabi belief, some acts like intercession, supplication and vows are forbidden. The main reason for this kind of Takfiri ideology is arisen from their definition from worshipping. According to Wahhabism, the intention is not so important in worshipping and just the apparent similarity is enough for worshipping. In this essay, and by a descriptive analytic method, and by referring to the narrations of Ahl al-Bayt, the Wahhabi point of view about the concept of worshiping is criticized. The infallible Imams divided the worshipping in two kinds: first,  submission and obedience and second, intention. We will have a quick survey on the Ahlobayt narrations on the nature of worshipping.

Ibn Taymiyyah misinterpreted the sacrifices that the Muslim do for God. He claims that these sacrifices are not for the sake of God and are polytheism. Ibn Taymiyyah does not provide any reason for his claims, trying to compare the sacrifices that the Muslims make with the pagan's actions. He tries to misuse some Quranic verses for his claims, but we must know that sacrificing is not worshipping, even according to the definition of Ibn Taymiyyah himself, we cannot name the sacrificing a kind of worshipping. On the other hand, there is a far difference between the function of Muslims and pagans. So, we cannot compare the Muslims with pagans. Ibn Taymiyyah's interpretations from the Holy Quran is not correct and he imposes his views on the Holy Quran.

Monotheism in worshiping is the key element in prophet's invitations. Before the arrival of Ibn Taymiyyah, the concept of worshiping among the Muslims was clear and there was no disputation. Ibn Taymiyyah claimed some actions in Islam such as supplication to the holy prophet is considered polytheism and will lead to the heresy. Ibn Taymiyyah definition from worshiping is lexical and not technical. He added the condition of love to this definition. There are so many problems in this definition such as ambiguity, being incomprehensive and being against the Quranic usage. In contrary, Ayatollah Mesbah's definition considering the Quranic usage include the condition of believing in deity as a necessary condition in worshiping. According to this definition, actions such as supplication and appealing to God is considered worshiping and legal.

One of the incidents narrated in the Quran is calf worshipping of the Israelites in the absence of Moses (PBUH). Since this event occurred under the leadership of Aeron (PBUH), one of the questions raised in this regard is whether Aeron, as a leader, duly performed his duty against this deviation. Some commentators hold that he failed in this duty (despite the accepted presumption about prophets’ infallibility). However, analysis of his actions and exiting evidence prove that without any neglect of duty, Aeron did his best in the proper time, but because of the Israelites’ pressure, he chose to follow the instructions of Moses (PBUH). In order to retain unity among the Israelites, he did not take any action and avoided fighting against them.

The most pivotal teaching of the prophets is inviting to monotheism. Worshipping is one of the constant and general needs of human, on which passage of time has no effect. In this writing, we have tried to have a review and critique of the concept of worshiping in the viewpoint of Ibn Teymieh. And we have also tried to criticize his viewpoint by a lexical analysis of the term worshipping and reviewing the opinions of commentators on this issue. In another part of this writing, we have dealt with the instances that are applicable to polytheism in worshiping according to Ibn Teymieh. Regretfully, inaccurate understanding of the concept of worshipping has lead to animosity and considering the monotheists as polytheists. Hence, a precise illustration of this concept will stop the quarrel makers and cause the Muslims to be steadfast in the way of true worshipping of Allah.

As a key concept, worshipping has some elements that need to be taken in to consideration. The more irrelevant any definition is to these elements, the more incorrect it will be. The concept worshipping needs three elements to be actualized; the worshiped, the worshipper and the devotional act. Every single of these components have certain features, these components are called elements of the concept of worshipping. We can infer from the term the worshipped that, according to Quran, we use the word worshipped for a deity. The worshipped should have godship, so that the worshipping has its actual meaning. Since the term worshipping is used for the deeds of the polytheist, too, it is obvious that here the god or deity is not a real one, but it’s a god that worshipper believes to be real. This can be inferred from the first and second element of worshipping. The second thing that can be inferred from the term the worshipper is the humble submissiveness toward the worshipped found within the worshipper not his action. And this is considered as the second element. And the third element which is hidden in the devotional act is the preference and importance of the act itself for the worshipped. Combination of these three elements actualize the concept of worshipping. generally speaking, worshipping means “doing a preferable act out of humble submissiveness toward God”