جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ثواب و عقاب » در نشریات گروه « علوم قرآن و حدیث »

The topics related to life after death are among the most complex theological topics, and one of these topics is the quality of reward for actions in life after death. The current research - using the library method in collecting information and the descriptive-analytical method in classifying data and the critical method in evaluating the views - has come to the conclusion that the commentators have presented five opinions about the quality of the hereafter reward. These views are 1) the manifestation of the book of deeds, not the deeds themselves, 2) seeing the punishment of the deeds, 3) the manifestation of the deeds themselves and good and bad morals, 4) the destruction of the worldly form and the manifestation of the afterlife form of actions, 5) the emergence of a real relationship between actions and rewards. This research evaluates these five points of view and in a novel discussion, identifies thirteen categories of Quranic verses in the framework of the research problem and analyzes the above five points of view with thirteen categories of verses and shows them in the end. The combination of Sadra's and Allameh Tabatabai's views is the correct answer to the research question, and other views are not completely compatible with the Quranic verses.

Leiden Quran Encyclopedia and Quran Encyclopedia Oliver Lyman are among the most important Quranic researches of Orientalists that have been written with the aim of presenting the teachings of the Holy Quran. This article examines and critiques the entries of reward, eagle, heaven and hell in these two encyclopedias. And explains their methodological and content problems separately. The overlap of some entries with each other, the existence of incomplete entries, citing research and non-original or invalid sources, incompatibility and inconsistency of the content of articles with each other are the most important methodological problems and instilling the effectiveness and adherence of the Qur'anic teachings to the previous teachings, the angelic devil, the physical depiction of heaven and hell, the presentation of a harsh and unbalanced image of the issue of punishment and reward in the Qur'an and the incorrect explanation of man's relationship with God's rule and Satan With Hell is their most important content flaws. This article, citing authoritative Islamic sources and solid Qur'anic arguments, shows that Qur'anic orientalists have not been able to gain an accurate understanding of the doctrinal teachings of the Qur'an, and therefore even their encyclopedic works are unreliable.

The hadith Oلا یدخل احدا الجنه عملهP (No one enters Paradise on behalf of his/her deed) and its related narrations in the content is considered as difficult hadiths in Sunni narrational resources. These narrations refer to God’s grace and mercy towards the servants, regardless of their sins and worship. According to the appearance of these hadiths, human deeds have no role in entering heaven and hell; However, according to the Imamia and Mu’tazilah, based on rational and narrational arguments, a person deserves a reward for obedience and punishment for disobedience. Contrary to the determinism [jabriyyah] that these narrations carry on the role of action in obtaining the reward. Ash’arite thinkers consider the above hadiths as proof of the grace of the divine reward. Dealing with the various meanings of “Ba’“in the narrations like as Oلا یدخل احد منکم الجنه بعملهP (No one enters Paradise on behalf of by his/her deed) and Oلن ینجو احد منکم بعملهP (No one of you will be saved by his/her deed) and removing contradiction with verses such as verse Oادخلوا الجنه بما کنتم تعملونP (Enter paradise because of what you used to do.) are the most important characteristic Ash’arites commentary. In this research, by analyzing the content after explaining the above narrations, the viewpoints, arguments and criticisms of Sunni thinkers under these hadiths, which can be classified into three axes, are presented in detail, and finally, according to the Imamia intellectual principles, they are evaluated.

Some of the rewards and punishments recounted in the Holy Qur’ān and the traditions of the Ahl al-Bayt are viewed as unbelievable, exaggerating, and unexpected; that is, a very great reward and punishment or consequence is stated for an apparently small action that, at first impression, seems to be very astonishing and disproportionate. The obvious problem with these texts is their discordance with Divine justice system. Thus, many of the religious propagators feel that the content of these texts would disturb people’s mental system concerning religious knowledge and is a source of misunderstanding and equivocation. Another problem is the difference existing in the rewards of some actions.After mentioning various examples of this issue in the verses and traditions and classifying them, the present article states and examines the opinions of the interpreters and commentators of ḥadīth. The multiplicity and variety of the attempts made by the interpreters and commentators of ḥadīth indicates that the originality of these problems is very serious to them and the apparent aspects of the verses and traditions are not acceptable to them. Therefore, they have tried to explain away the context of the verse or the tradition in a justified approach and by various probabilities, including: weakness of the chain of transmission, exclusiveness to a particular subject, allegorization for educational purpose, failure of the unworthy, inability of man’s perceptions of the image of the otherworldly rewards, etc.

Kholud (eternity) and everlastingness has always been taken into consideration by Islamic scholars. There is no difference of opinions among scholars about being everlasting in heaven. However, concerning hell-dwellers some scholars believe in Kholud in inferno and eternal suffering and they refer to tradition and some Quranic verses in this regard while others, mostly philosophers and mystics, believe in Kholud in inferno but either suffering will diminish due to the mercy of God or hell-dwellers will get used to it. The present article deals with the meaning of Kholud, verses and tradition about it, eternal suffering of pagans, eternal reward for believers and the reasons scholars accept or deny them.