جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ذبیح » در نشریات گروه « علوم قرآن و حدیث »

It is necessary to study the works of scholars and critique their views on the Qurʾan and Islamic teachings. Considering the importance of Prophet Abraham as the founder of monotheistic religions, and his son Ismaʿīl as the sacrifice of his father, orientalists have studied the lives of these prophets in their studies. Although some Orientalists have done research on Islam and the Qurʾan, they have made some mistakes due to inconsistencies in the verses. For example, the difference between the attributes of Prophet Abraham in the verses, the emphasis on the non-prominence of him in some verses, confirming the expression of the milla of Abraham, and identity of the sacrificed son. In addition to the Orientalists' motivation for claiming differences in the verses, it seems that one of the factors created the illusion of difference is the lack of access to reliable sources. The present study has studied the works of Orientalists on the subject with an analytical-critical approach. This study aimed to examine the works of Orientalists on the subject with an analytical-critical approach. An attempt will be made to defend the hypothesis that orientalists, due to the bias they have unintentionally shown on their cultural perceptions of the meanings of the verses, and also due to incomplete access to reliable sources, when they observe any kind of difference between one verse and another, they consider it as a distortion and contradiction; While two verses can be considered contradictory just when the truth of one verse results in another falsehood.

The specialized view of the Orientalists on the teachings of the Holy Quran shows the necessity of a methodical and critical look at their studies. Especially, some of them have adopted a particular method in determining the examples of some verses. Reuven Firestone is one of the authors of the encyclopedia of the Holy Quran, who has written some of its entries. In these entries, he has commented on the "Zhabih" (sacrificed child) of the Prophet Ibrahim (AS) and, contrary to the opinion of most Islamic scholars, he believes that Ibrahim (AS) wanted to sacrifice "Isḥāq" (Isaac) - his second son. According to him, most of the previous commentators of the Qur'an share the same tendency and belief in this regard. The present study challenges Reuven Firestone's opinion by examining, analyzing and criticizing the content of the entry "Isḥāq" from the Quran encyclopedia and examines the methodology of the mentioned entry and why Firestone insists on Isaac to be the sacrificed child. The findings of the research show that in addition to the contradiction between the Torah and the Gospel of Barnabas in determining the example of sacrifice, the context of the verses of the Qur'an fits with the sacrifice of Ismail. Besides, the hadiths related to the sacrifice of Ismail, came with valid chain of documents and reliable sources, unlike the narrations related to the sacrifice of Isaac, which, in addition to the interruption of the chain of transmission, are faced with the weakness of the narrators.

Accurate knowledge of Orientalists' views on Islamic teachings and scientific critique of their views is an undeniable necessity; Therefore, in the present research, an attempt has been accomplished to introduce and analyze Firestone's article about Prophet Ibrahim (A.S.) in an analytical-descriptive manner with a critical approach. Firestone, although has relatively acceptable potencies in the authoritative Islamic sources related to Abraham (A.S.); But due to lack of access to or comprehensive studies of Shiite sources and one-sided reference to Sunni sources, he makes unforgivable mistakes. He has put forward doubts in this regard; Among them is attributing polytheism and idolatry to the father of Ibrahim (A.S.) and the ancestors of Mohammad (A.S.), while the infallibility of Ibrahim (A.S.) had been proved by many narrations and many historical evidences. Another doubt is that in the Qur'an, Abraham (A.S.) and Moses (A.S.) are the only prophets who are explicitly mentioned as the holders of the book, while in some verses and hadiths, in addition to Abraham (A.S.) and Moses (A.S.), the other prophets are introduced explicitly as the holders of the book; Among them, Prophet David (A.S.), Jesus (A.S.) and the Last Prophet (P), etc. .; There are also other doubts to which this article has mentioned appropriate answers.

Considering the importance of Prophet Ibrahim as the founder of three monotheistic religions, orientalists in various works have addressed various aspects of the life of this prophet. Sprenger pointed out for the first time to the difference between the figure of Abraham in the Meccan and Medinan chapters, and the relation between Abraham and Mecca is myth. Hurgronje inspired by him, expanded this idea and by reconstructing Abraham's story in the Qur'an based on the historical sequence, the transformation of Abraham's figure into these surahs, In particular, the emphasis on the "mila’t Ibrahim", "Abraham's relationship with the construction of the Ka'bah and the ritual of Hajj," "the connection of Abraham with Ishmael and the victim's story" in medinan chapters, is a political trick to attract the opinion of the Mecca from the disappointment of the Prophet with the support of the Medinan Jews. In serious and ancient controversy over the sacrifice, despite the Qur'anic and biblical evidence that Ishmael was cursed, two important points raised from the teachings of the prophets are noteworthy in this story: The main purpose of the victim's trial is to test the ultimate command of Abraham and his son in the context of the divine command and the other is the effect of this incident in restoring the evil culture of human sacrifice in ancient times. In this paper, we will criticize this theory by explaining these theories and referring to its effects in later studies.