جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « عهدنامه مالک اشتر » در نشریات گروه « علوم قرآن و حدیث »

Paying attention to the rights of minority groups as a part of human rights and as one of the topics of international debate dates back to the 19th century. This topic reached its peak in the 20th century. Since legal systems are formed based on the majority vote, respecting the rights of minorities in these systems is one of the essential concerns of human rights. The present study aims to answer the question of what is the status of minority groups in the systems affected by international documents and the divine system reflected in Malik Ashtar's treaty (letter 53 of Nahj al-Balagheh). Based on this, the present research with the library and descriptive-analytical method aims to study the differences between the two systems comparatively. According to the results of the rule of Imam Ali (AS), that is; a thousand years ago, attention was paid to the rights of minorities, and the Alavi seerah tried to reduce the differences between minorities. According to the governmental policy and Imam Ali's (AS) statements in Nahj al-Balaghah, particularly the Malik Ashtar's treaty, legal obligations towards minorities are positive and mandatory, and in establishing the rights of minorities, attention has been paid to the (material and spiritual) aspects of human beings. But in international documents, the borders between minority groups are highlighted; the rights of minorities are based on individual originality, and the obligations of governments in treaties are privative.

One of the most critical challenges in translating religious and literary texts is filling the lexical gaps in the target language. The Nahj al-Balaghah of Hazrat Ali (AS) is a clear example of this type of text. Undoubtedly, the issue of lexical gaps arose after cultural elements, and they are necessary for each other. As a bilingual scientific study, this research deals with the weaknesses and strengths of Safarzadeh, the Persian and English translator of Malik Ashtar's treaty based on Newmark's theoretical model. Also, it seeks to reduce the weaknesses of translation and strengthen the translators of religious and literary texts to fill vocabulary gaps. Although the translation of the Nahj al-Balaghah into Persian has a long history, it seems that the simultaneous multilingual criticism of the translations of this valuable work has received less attention from translation critics. Therefore, this research with a descriptive-analytical method tries to show the difference in the translator's approach while translating two languages with different cultures. The results show that the most frequent technique of Persian translation is rewriting, with a frequency of 15%, and the least frequent is explanation (0.35%). Also, the most frequent technique of translation into English is rewriting (32.44%), and the least frequent is explanation (0.38%).

The efficiency of the religious government in comparison with other governments has been one of the main concerns of the religious people; by referring to Hazrat Ali`s (a) political thought and the way of managing the government one would become awre of various aspects of the efficiency of the religious government. The principles of fundamental rights derived from Malik Ashtar's covenant is an excellent and objective example for the effectiveness of religious government in the direction of guiding and perfecting man in different dimensions of his existence. And the rights of the nation, supervision and control, security and economic justice are addressed. The facts may be regrded as the most effective principles of efficiency in comparison with other government models, and the necessary foundations for the implementation of rights in accordance with the perfection-seeking nature of man. They have caused a special privilege for religious government in the field of community management and the particular attention of existing political systems.

Social capital is one of the concepts that have attracted the attention of social science researchers as well as politicians and economists during the last few decades. This category is considered more important because it has a great impact on the development of societies. At the same time, considering its wide impact, it can be emphasized in other ways, especially the politicians can pay more attention to this important element that leads to the advancement of programs and the realization of their goals in the society. Dealing with the issue of social capital with regard to its downward trend in Islamic Iran prompts us to pay attention to our rich Islamic resources while using the knowledge and experiences of others. The findings of this article show that the view of Amir Muʾminan (as) on the issue of production and preservation of social capital is a religion-oriented and value-oriented view. He considers the central role of the ruler and government officials in relation to social capital as a model of values ​​and norms. He considers the transfer of capitalist values ​​and norms to be dependent on the relationship and ethical and wise interaction of the sovereign with Allah the Almighty and the people. He emphasizes adherence and insistence on important trust-building values ​​such as sincere worship and justice. In general, it can be claimed that Ali (as) considers the production and maintenance of social capital dependent on the maintenance, strengthening and expansion of religious and divine values and norms. In this regard, seven major capitalization policies have been emphasized in letter 53, which are: Democracy, religious observance of rulers and officials, comprehensive justice, morality of the ruler and officials, meritocracy, preservation and promotion of values, wisdom. This research has used the method of document analysis and thematic analysis to answer the research questions.

Social capital is one of the concepts that have attracted the attention of social science researchers as well as politicians and economists during the last few decades. This category is considered more important because it has a great impact on the development of societies. At the same time, considering its wide impact, it can be emphasized in other ways, especially the politicians can pay more attention to this important element that leads to the advancement of programs and the realization of their goals in the society. Dealing with the issue of social capital with regard to its downward trend in Islamic Iran prompts us to pay attention to our rich Islamic resources while using the knowledge and experiences of others. The findings of this article show that the view of Amir Muʾminan (as) on the issue of production and preservation of social capital is a religion-oriented and value-oriented view. He considers the central role of the ruler and government officials in relation to social capital as a model of values ​​and norms. He considers the transfer of capitalist values ​​and norms to be dependent on the relationship and ethical and wise interaction of the sovereign with Allah the Almighty and the people. He emphasizes adherence and insistence on important trust-building values ​​such as sincere worship and justice. In general, it can be claimed that Ali (as) considers the production and maintenance of social capital dependent on the maintenance, strengthening and expansion of religious and divine values and norms. In this regard, seven major capitalization policies have been emphasized in letter 53, which are: Democracy, religious observance of rulers and officials, comprehensive justice, morality of the ruler and officials, meritocracy, preservation and promotion of values, wisdom. This research has used the method of document analysis and thematic analysis to answer the research questions.

This research aims to achieve the leadership model of Imam Ali (AS) in the treaty of Malik Ashtar (RA). It seeks to answer the following question: What is the leadership model of Imam Ali (AS) according to the context of the treaty? To this end, the authors used exploratory textual analysis. For this purpose, first, the entire text of the treaty was divided into 79 verses according to each section's content and thematic relevance. After that, the conceptual diagram was extracted and drawn through the precise analysis of each phrase. Each diagram indicated the relationship between different concepts and speeches of that phrase. Then by reviewing the entire text several times along with the diagrams of the phrases, the final pattern of the text was extracted, which indicated the leadership model of Imam Ali (AS) in the treaty. Findings of this research show the leadership model of Imam Ali (AS) in the treaty is a comprehensive model according to which the leader's duty starts by obeying God and then leading himself. These two are the starting point when the leader begins to guide others. In this model, the leadership of people and subordinates is done through direct supervision and indirect leadership (through brokers). Also, according to the treaty, the emphasis of Imam Ali (AS) was on explaining the relationship between leader and people; this issue was of particular importance.

The present article is investigated Imam Ali's letter to Malek Ashtar. One part of the article is used Imam Ali's words to explain shariah's purposes. Islamic law has great goals and purposes, for example, slavery, justice, security, and kindness are the most important shariah purposes that are mentioned in 53rd Imam Ali's letter. the other topic of the article is the function of shariah purposes in political jurisprudence, One of its most important functions is its role in the interpretation and understanding of the Qur'an and Hadith. In this article, as a new study, we show how this function can be used. , we analyzed the issue of the laws of war and peace and relations between Muslims and non-Muslims from the perspective of the goals of religion with the emphasis on that letter. The result of the study is the choice of peace as the chosen principle achieving the goals of religion.

Letter 53 of Nahjul-Balaghah, an ordinance between Ali (A.S) and Egypt's governor, is the most famous document describing the duties of Islamic rulers. The significance of this document is that the design of the structure and arrangement of its content, not by the initiative of Sayyed Razi, was carried out by the Imam himself. The policy paper, which explains, on the one hand, the ways and means of preserving the legitimacy and political authority of the authorities responsible for the affairs of the community, and, on the other, reflects the factors of the weakening and destruction of the state and illustrates the goals, duties, the slogans and intellectual foundations of Islamic governance. This article is a descriptive-exploratory theoretical study that deals with the content of the treaty with its thematic analysis method. MAXQDA software is used to extract and codify themes and discover their relationships. The inference of relationships between themes illustrates Ali's governmental- educational model with 3dimensions: relationship with God, people and government brokers. This letter expresses the governing duties around these 3categories. The tactics and strategies to accomplish these tasks have many axes. Category1 deals with the necessity of self-realization in the form of 13axes, like ruling relationship with God, following Qur'an and Sunnah and correct consultation. Category2 refers to the popular acceptance and efficacy of governance in the form of 9axes, like tolerance with people, taking their good suspicion and paying their rights. Category3 deals with the interaction of leader with brokers in a 5axes format.

New phenomena such as "good governance" is based on a series of principles and specific goals, can help communities solve problems, so the research is trying to understand the Islamic point of view of good governance, as the Treaty Malkashtr one of the basic texts religion is chosen, the comprehensiveness and functionality that can explain this phenomenon has created.
The main objective of this study was to design a model of good governance of the Treaty of Malkashtr using Grounded Theory and express views different from Imam Ali (as) good governance with a view to the World Bank as well as documents regarding the components of good governance of the country in terms of the Treaty of Malkashtr have been.
Methods This cross-sectional study, document and content analysis to extract the principles of good governance and the Treaty Malkashtr Grounded Theory is used... According to documents upstream, in the constitution of the Fifth Development Plan component of good governance and respect was extracted from the Treaty Malkashtr and because of the nature of the vision statement is to design a favorable horizon All components of good governance, including proper laws regulating components and stabilize the community was not given.

Egypt is of paramount importance in Imam Ali's caliphate due to its social, political, and economic situations. Egypt is the neighbor of Shām, which is under the rule of Mo'awiyah, in one hand and on the other hand, it shares its border with newly conquered areas by Muslims in the north of Africa. Thus, any kind of chaos in Egypt could have negative effect on the both mentioned areas. Therefore, firstly, Imam Ali (a.s) would appoint his most reliable commanders as the governor of Egypt such as Qais bin Sa'd, Muhammad bin Abi Bakr, and Mālik bin Ashtar Nakhaee. And secondly, while corresponding to these commanders repeatedly, Imam would give them constructive advice about methods of governing. Using a descriptive-analytical research method and analyzing these correspondences, the researcher of this study proved that in addition to the Egypt's political importance, the spread of Islam in newly conquered areas of north of Africa is of significance for Imam Ali (a.s).

One of the mental concerns of all governments is to determine the components of good governance that encompass all aspects and areas related to their social loss. This issue is all the more necessary due to the comprehensiveness and completeness of the religion of Islam and by relying on the teachings and practice of the infallibles; Therefore, in this research, in the first step, letter No. 53 of Nahj al-Balaghah was identified by the method of content analysis of coding and categories and components related to the subject of research. In the next step, using an analytical methodology called interpretive structural modeling, the relationships between strategies and their leveling were analyzed in an integrated manner.This approach enables individuals and groups to plot complex relationships between large numbers of elements in a complex situation; And acts as a tool to regulate and direct the complexity of relationships between variables. Using this technique and questionnaire, strategies were classified into 3 levels. According to the results of the research, the most basic effective strategies in achieving good governance according to the Malik Ashtar Treaty (letter 53 of Nahj al-Balaghah), increasing internal and external security, adopting appropriate policies with a view to the future, synergy between forces, rule of law and legalism are at the root. they got. Which will facilitate access to other components.
In addition, the influence and dependence of variables were identified at four levels and the relationships between them were analyzed

Preventing crime is regarded as one of police`s most important duties in IRI. Police`s duties of social order, security, personal and public pacification would be performed only if special attention be paid to prevention of crime. There can be found different policies in different systems of laws for prevention of crime studying them in comparison with what found in Malek`s pact an extraordinary distinction would be made clear. Considerable particularity of Malek`s pact includes three levels of commanders` duties towards those under command and good behavior these forces should have towards people. In this way, the pact implied most applicable effect in police prevention of crime. The paper, on this basis, seeks to present a method for preventing crime.

The essay considers definition of hoarding and then reviews related subjects as its positive law, the meaning of hoarded goods, duration of hoarding, secondary rules of hoarding, forcing the hoarder to sell his goods, and possibility of pricing the goods by the government. Furthermore, the author examines validity of the Hadiths concerning hoarding and focuses mainly on the decrees of Sheik Ansari and Ayatollah Khoei.

According to quasi- experimental study، and as thinkers emphasize، each government is obliged to prepare and regulate its communicating policies in order to make interaction between its constructive elements of each political structure including law and rankings and its people. Thus، reviewing the command of Imam Ali (AS) to Malik al-Ashtar، through documentary research and the framework of social communication sciences literature، reveals that Imam Ali (AS) some how insisted that no fair government can act truly without having communication with its citizens and there should be continuous flow of information، guidelines، ideas، etc. between the government (governor، institutions and governmental systems) and its people and vice versa. Within this field، one can find some guidelines for all of the human societies in some parts of Malik al-Ashtar''s treaty. Such as equal care and respect for all citizens، clarifying the social groups and providing interaction between government and different social groups، providing chances for direct communication، discussion and dialogue of citizens with the highest government authorities، providing channels for the weaker social groups in order to access the power centers and also communicating their needs، and providing different communication chances in order to talk about the criticisms and citizen''s views toward the authorities.