جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "اسمیت" در نشریات گروه "فلسفه و کلام"

The debates that are being made today under the headings of classical economics and its inherited liberal system emphasize the role of the industrial revolution in the formation of this system, while it seems; For a correct understanding of ideas and semantics, concepts such as; The "invisible hand" and "free economy" left behind by the founders of this economic system, especially Adam Smith, must be considered in the political-legal and even moral nature of the system. For this reason, this study tries to examine some of the basic features of the English constitutional system of the Smith era, such as; The concept of "state", "public interest", "freedom" and their subsequent evolution, to the question of what factors played an important role in the emergence of the theoretical foundations of liberal economics by Adam Smith and the theorists after him? Give the right answer. The results show that the key concepts of classical economics emphasized by Adam Smith were, in fact, prescriptions for the elimination of the immoral-political effects that the newly established post-revolutionary constitutional system inevitably had on economics because of its rejection of the old traditions of feudalism. British politics imposed. Thus, although his intellectual reflections are understood today in a different sense from their original reading by the neoclassicists and others, because these intellectual foundations created a meaningful closeness and alignment between the British political and economic system, it is still the case. They are the focus of Western economists, and their economic system, despite the evolutionary trends after classical economics, has so far maintained a system based on "individualistic" principles.

Huduth Cosmological argument is one of the proofs of Divine existence, which mostly applied by theologians. Believing in the createdness of the universe, theologians support the argument, while philosophers reject it because they think that the universe is eternal. A prominent philosopher in the west tradition is William Craig, which put forward philosophical and natural arguments, some of them are new. On the other hand, the argument has well known opponents such as Wallace Mathson, Josh Dever, Quentin Persifor Smith and Russel which some philosophers followed them, rejecting Huduth argument through the sequence of causes, positivism, and the eternality of the universe. Examining the most important critiques on the minor premise of the Huduth argument by Western philosophers, this study, by critical analytical method, has shown that their arguments are not sufficient to prove their claim. Although it seems that Craig's arguments for the existence of the universe are not certain and he has used indefinite hypotheses, but considering his set of reasons and also using various arguments such as the arguments of Islamic thinkers can accumulatively justify the theory of createdness against rival theories.

This essay investigates the theological roots of social order in the works of three liberal philosophers: Smith, Kant, and Rawls. Each of these philosophers, in a different way, has discussed the relation between the practical possibility of the ideal social order and theology. For Smith, the invisible hand leads the pursuit of individual self-interest to the common good (an ideal social order); But the invisible hand is a metaphorical concept, based on the divine plan for the world. Kant also presupposes the existence of God as a necessary condition for the practical possibility of the highest good (the compatibility of laws of nature and morality). Finally, Rawls connects the possibility of a well-ordered society (moral social order) to a special conception of divine nature and the specific type of relationship between human and God.