جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "امیال" در نشریات گروه "فلسفه و کلام"

The theory of motion substance and in another words fluidity of the world, is one the most significant theory in Mullasadra’s worldview. This belief has a vast influence and effect on our perception regarding morality and human mind. If someone believes in substantial motion, every domain of their mind will be widely impressed. This paper aims to study the impacts of belief in substantial movement on human’s mental desires and wants attempting to determine its domain with a phenomenological approach and intuitive and introspective method. Since at one hand human believes impress their feelings and emotions; and on the other hand feelings and emotions interact with beliefs and form some desires in a person, therefore, the confirmation of motion in substances creates a desire in man that the most significant of which are as follow: greedy with regard to pleasure and a sense recklessness enjoying the moments in life, in other words unwillingness and reluctance to worldly pleasures and the tendency to asceticism and a desire to adhere virtue or perfectionism.

Psychological egoism is known as a descriptive theory regarding the only end of human activity to be self-interest. This paper has tried to study the proofs of the theory critically. At first, the role of reason and feelings in forming human will have been explained. To do so, Hume and Kant`s views have been reconsidered and, finally, that of Hume with a partial addition has been preferred. It should be stated that the main proofs of egoism are essentially philosophical, and, therefore, one may not oppose them by experience. Altruism, on the contrary, views human motivations to be numerous and argues against egoist overall motivations. In this way, the claim of psychological altruism, contrary to egoism, is limited, and, therefore, it can be proved with some small cases of altruist fundamental acts or tendencies. Psychological egoists have presented four proofs for the theory, some include fallacy and others are incomplete. Finally, it can be said that the theory is baseless, and, therefore, the most important proof of ethical egoism is in vain.

Abu Yusef Yaqub Ibn Ishaq Kendi (185-252 Hejira), who is known as an Arab philosopher & the first philosopher in Islam, has written a distinctive book on various approaches to deal with sadness and sorrow. This book is regarded as a literaryphilosophical text and is written from a psychologicalphilosophical perspective which is rooted in Kendi’s philosophical & religious point of view about the material world and the human situation in the universe. He believes that before any solution, the causes of sadness must be found in order to encourage hope in human soul. In his point of view, the loss of the favorite and desirable things on the one hand, and the failure to achieve desires and wishes on the other are the two main factors of creating sadness (sensual grief). In this book, he recommends ten solutions to repulse sadness & sensual grief. Addressing such matters seemsto be of great significance in a world where human beings are overwhelmed by the stress and anxiety characteristic of the modern world.