جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "تقدم نفس بر بدن" در نشریات گروه "فلسفه و کلام"

The doctrine of "Zar World" is a subject of dispute among Muslim scholars. This doctrine, based on the outward of many traditions, states that the soul of every man existed prior to the birth of his natural body, and passed through certain levels of knowledge. Many scholars believe that there are numerous rational and traditional problems with this doctrine. Sheikh Mufid is the first Shia theologian to criticize this doctrine. In addition to criticisms regarding the documents and content of this doctrine’s traditional arguments, he has also leveled rational criticisms at it, especially concerning the necessity of reincarnation. Using the descriptive- critical method, in this paper we have first presented Sheikh Mufid’s critiques and then we have criticized him in defense of this doctrine.

One of the arguments of some philosophers in rejecting the primacy of the soul over the body, is the argument based on the refusal of the inactivity and reincarnation. According to this argument, if the soul exists before the body, either is breadwinner of the physical body or not so. The first state due to the invalidity of reincarnation and the second for refusing the inactivity is impossible. Thus, the primacy of the soul over the body is impossible.This paper investigates different versions of the argument and review the theoretical basis and several critiques concerning it. The result of the investigations shows the inefficiency of the argument in proving the creation of the soul along with the body and denial of the primacy of the soul over the body.The main reason for this inefficiency include: the refusal of absolute inactivity and not limited inactivity, limited needs of the soul to the body only in some of its actions, the possibility of intellectual and immaterial soul before origination of the body, similarity of the soul conditions before the creation of the body whit the soul conditions after cutting off the body, the possibility of reincarnation which would not cause to negating of the resurrection and the possibility of the souls attachment to an immaterial bodies.

The world of pre-existence has always been one of the most controversial Quranic and Islamic issues; and theologians, hilosophers and mystics have always argued about it. The holy Quran and the Islamic Hadiths (traditions) indicate that every human being has had a real individual existence in the world of pre-existence (in the first phase in a form of soul alone, and in the next one with a certain body called " particulate body") before he is born. Some of the Muslim thinkers have not accepted this interpretation of the Quran and Islamic traditions and have criticized it. This paper deals with some of the most important criticisms leveled at the world of pre-existence and their responses.