جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "خاصی و خاص الخاصی" در نشریات گروه "فلسفه و کلام"

Gradation means distinction in the level of enjoying a single truth and return of ‘sharing mode’ to ‘distinctive mode’. The criterion for unity is longitudinal gradation of truth of existence, and the criterion for its distinction is the orders of existence in intensity and weakness. Transverse gradation is applied in truths with an existential rank that are equal in intensity and weakness, but are distinguished. Here, distinction means individuals’ nature and distinction. Since existence has principality, all types of distinction must return to existence. Thus, transverse gradation returns to existence, and this article explains how it returns according to various tenets of conventionality. In longitudinal gradation, the criterion for distinction is orders of existence, and in transverse gradation, the criterion is the limits of existence (in typical distinction) and individuation of existence (in individuals’ distinction). Both of them, in effect, return to existence. Of course, this criterion must be adjusted on the basis of various views on gradations, i.e. general gradation, specific gradation and specific of specific gradation, so that they are not confused.