جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "مارسل" در نشریات گروه "فلسفه و کلام"

The present study is an interdisciplinary study for applying philosophy through its collaboration with psychology and literature. In this article, hope is examined according to the two Rumi and Marcel. The purpose of this study is to provide a basis for the work of philosophical counselors and psychotherapists. For this reason, the views of Richard Snyder, the theorist and founder of hope therapy in contemporary psychology, are also introduced in the present study to bring Rumi and Marcelchr('39')s views on hope closer to the topics of hope therapy, and the similarities are derived to be used by philosophical advisors. According to the findings of this research, the hope that Rumi speaks of is a clear and guiding hope that, if used properly, can become a positive moral trait in human beings; The hope that arises from manchr('39')s need for God and will always be the way to manchr('39')s spiritual progress. Marcel also considers hope as a tool for faith and closeness to the higher being, which causes a person to be spiritually ready to serve other human beings. This spiritual preparation frees man from the snare of the shattered world of which Marcel speaks. By comparing Snyderchr('39')s theory of hope and Rumichr('39')s view of hope, we find similarities between the views of these two philosophers in the components of hope. The examination of Snyderchr('39')s theory of hope and Marcelchr('39')s view of hope also reveals the intellectual similarity of the two thinkers on the vital role of hope in life.

According to Gabriel Marcel, humans have two kinds of relationship with the existence: “being” and “having”; that make fundamental differences in understanding the world. “Having” is used for referring to, e.g., “having an idea” and even ones’ own ideas, describing them in a concrete manner. In “having”, we are dealing with “primary thought” and an “I” and a “he” relation, which Marcel puts it against “I” and “thou” relation. In the latter, we are dealing with “being”. Meeting someone who is known as “he” means that we have relationship with him in such a way that he, as an object, is separate from us; the case is different when we meet someone as “thou”. In this relationship, we deal with “secondary thought” and it can be understood through participation and our living experience. Love, hope, fidelity and availability are categorized under “being” which is manifested in the existence of human. At the same time, these two kinds of existence are connected to each other: “being” and “having” are two levels of existence; "being" shows itself in different methods and “having” is the manifestation of “being”. In the modern age, the realm of “having” has been expanded and Marcel proposed two kinds of existence to return the expansion of the realm of “being”, i.e. human authentic experience. In this article the important question is: what is the relation between “having” and “being”? To answer this question, at first we should describe “having” and “being”.