جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "corporal contingency" در نشریات گروه "فلسفه و کلام"

Explaining how the soul and body relate is one of the issues that arises after accepting the duality of the two. One type of relationship between the soul and the body is the acceptance of causality between the two and the impact between them. Mulla Sadra considers the body as the material cause of the soul and then refers to the interaction of the soul and the body; While Foster only deals with the second aspect. Foster, a follower of Cartesian dualism, offers a way for the problem of casual pairing and explains how a mind and a body are united. This problem of casual pairing of a specific soul to a specific body is eliminated in Sadra's philosophy with principles of corporal contingency and the unity of soul and body and this is the effectiveness of Sadra's view. According to Sadra, soul and body are two sides of the same being; but Foster, introduces psychophysical arrangement for the unity of them. The way of this connection in Sadra's philosophy leads to a kind of unity that can better explain the interaction of them; but that will remain unanswered for Foster. Mulla Sadra explores the problem ontologically, and Foster suffices with an epistemological explanation. Examining the effectiveness of the solutions presented by them is one of the aims of this article.

One aspect of self-knowledge is consisted of interaction between soul and actions، ethics and knowledge. According to Sadrā''s opinion، soul is united with its acquired knowledge and long-term dispositions. The main Principles of the theory include: nivocal of Entity، (Principality of Existence) and its Gradation) Substantial Motion of Soul،Identity of the Knower and the Known،bodily Contingency،Unity of Soul and Human Body، Reciprocal Causation of Soul and Body. Based on mentioned premises، every human reality at first is in the lowest rank of existence. By conjunction of substantial motion، the soul intensifies until reaches perfections while all result degrees are just the ranks of a single reality. The highest level of soul has all acquired perfections in simple form، whereas the lowest rank (material body) is affected by habits and states of soul.). Middle ranks also are common in impression and impressionability from each other. Therefore، relationship between soul and action is conceived in three species: 1. The presence of mental forms of actions in the soul extent. 2. The presence of habits in soul essence. 3. Incarnation and ideation of long-term dispositions at appropriate forms in physical body.