جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "genetic engineering" در نشریات گروه "فلسفه و کلام"

Man is a being who can manipulate nature and creation. His manipulations are various in kind and type amongst which is manipulating the genes of living organisms. This manipulation is subsumed under genetic engineering which is a set of methods that are used to change the genetic makeup of the target cell through transfer of new or synthetic genes from DNA in a way that the target cell not only inherits newly received characteristics but also transfers them to the next generation. In this way, genetic engineering is aimed at manipulating and interfering the life and nature. Therefore, from this angle, this science is faced with a variety of (philosophical, theological, juridical, legal, ethical, etc.) ambiguities and challenges delving into which requires sophisticated theoretical underpinnings on top of which is anthropological foundations. Man and anthropology are associated with genetic engineering and genetically engineered products: First, Man is the agent and doer of the manipulation. Second, Man is, in part, the patient of genetic engineering and third is that Man is the consumer of transgenic products. Considering the aforesaid issues, a variety of questions are framed such as what is the type of human’s interference and manipulation in nature and creation, what is the boundary of this manipulation and interference and what consequences are associated with it and finally does these genetic changes and modifications influence other dimensions of human beings such as mind, cognition, nature and behavior? The current research is an attempt to answer these questions using anthropological and religious underpinnings.

Is it possible to use the term " non-ethical" in general science and sciences such as genetic engineering, in particular? In this article, the answer to this question is a negative one. This answer is based on the analysis of the metaphysical and cognitive science foundations of science and, in particular, controversial science such as genetic engineering. In addition, this paper attempts to analyze the various aspects of this issue from a philosophical point of view. Finally, in addition to discussing philosophic foundations, and increasing concerns about human ability in genetic manipulation and the creation of transgenic organisms, depict a picture of genetic engineering as a non-ethical, unethical or ethical Knowledge.

The present article is the study of the theological consequences of man’s interference with creation. This topic is of significance because of the fact that some of man’s interferences with creation have given rise to various theological doubts and challenges. With reference to samples of man’s interference, the theological consequences of such interferences are analyzed and the doubts are dealt with according the outcomes of the present study. Based on the outcomes, irrespective of how widespread, destructive and evil these interferences can be they do not breach the uncontested belief principles such as the divine absolute agency, the common comprehensive divine order and the purposefulness, wiseness and superiority of divine creation. The reason is that man’s agency is subordinate to divine existential laws and traditions, His providence and common divine order. They are not realizable outside the sphere of these laws and traditions. Therefore, the supposition of man’s interference with creation, divine order, and creation destinations or the possibility of disturbing the order or destructing the conditions of life on earth is not valid.

We are on the verge of being able to transform, manipulate, and create organisms for any number of productive purposes. From medicine, to agriculture, and industries, we are within reach of an age when manipulating the genetic codes of various organisms, or engineering entirely new organisms, promises to alter the way we relate to the natural world. As with any revolutionary technology, anxieties, fears, and moral objections to the promise of genetic engineering abound. Some are well-grounded and suggest caution,while others are the product of misinformation, religious prejudice, or hysteria.Many having this attitude are afraid that the use of the new technology amounts to an inadmissible interference with the life of animals, plants and humans. Given the relative youth of the technology and the tremendous possibilities it offers for improvement of the human condition, as well as the environment in general, careful consideration of ethical implications now can help inform and ensure the future of the genetic engineering era.Provided that it is appropriately regulated, bearing in mind ethical concerns relating to dignity, harmful consequences, and justice, its potential benefits outweigh its harms. Legislators and other responsible decision-makers should not implement regulations that unduly restrict implementation of genetic engineering. The technology should not be completely banned or prohibited, but managed justly to ensure a stable and equitable social structure.