جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "knowing" در نشریات گروه "فلسفه و کلام"

The occurrence of illness has been a complex issue for humanity throughout the ages. Philosophical psychologies consider health essential for human growth and development, viewing illness as an obstacle to human progress. However, Islamic traditions emphasize the constructive nature of illness. This research delves into the analysis of illness's impact on human spiritual growth from the perspective of Transcendent Philosophy, aiming to contribute to the understanding of illness' ultimate purpose. Through a library-based approach and considering the philosophical principles of Transcendent Philosophy, this study examines the effects of illness on humans. Contrary to the views of many physicians and philosophers who perceive illness as a hindrance to human growth and development, based on the principles of Transcendent Philosophy, illness can be one of the most important tools for the ascension and spiritual growth of the human soul. In other words, illness, in the very roles that seem detrimental to human growth, can aid in its advancement. Accordingly, illness can have beneficial effects on at least learning, worship, remembrance, thought and judgment, experiencing pleasure, and controlling anxiety. It can even, better than health, awaken humans and lead to their spiritual growth.

Undoubtedly, “Physis” is one of the most prominent philosophical terms of Aristotle in the way that it can be seen as the basis for knowing from his point of view. Unfortunately, the neglect of some of Aristotle's teachings about the concept, has caused a lot of false judgment and perceptions about the philosopher. According to the author, one of the most important lessons is the close relationship of this concept with another key concepts of his philosophy, the “Logos”, forgetting that it was due to some of the contradictions and conflicts in the philosophy of Aristotle especially in the realm of knowledge. Detailed in this close relationship leads to another neglected doctrines of Aristotle's philosophy, the relationship of cognitive propositions and truth with political considerations. We shall show, by providing a reading of Aristotle's philosophy, which considers the relationships, that it can open the way for the elimination of some of the difficulties and conflicts that have been attributed to his thought. Therefore, in this study we examine the relationship between knowledge and Politics, through rereading relationship physis and logos in Aristotle's thinking.

The architect and founder of transcendental Philosophy, sadr ad-Din Muhammad Shirazi, is among the philosophers who has made more attempts to analyze and illustrate the religious concepts. The knowledge of the unseen is a key concept in Muslim􀀇s belief system. Mulla Sadra is the only philosopher who has had a special attention to this concept. Based on the previous philosophers􀀇 principles and reasoning and also reliance on logical principles of his own philosophical school such as essentiality of existence, substantial departure, mental existence, and unity of knowing and the known by which he has explained the upward arc and downward arc for human soul, Mulla Sadra has introduced a philosophico-mystical analysis distinct from the other approaches. Retrieving to the knowledge of the unseen and getting to know its facts which is called the unseen knowledge, this paper intends to analyze this school and to reveal its merits in comparison to other philosophical schools.

One aspect of self-knowledge is consisted of interaction between soul and actions، ethics and knowledge. According to Sadrā''s opinion، soul is united with its acquired knowledge and long-term dispositions. The main Principles of the theory include: nivocal of Entity، (Principality of Existence) and its Gradation) Substantial Motion of Soul،Identity of the Knower and the Known،bodily Contingency،Unity of Soul and Human Body، Reciprocal Causation of Soul and Body. Based on mentioned premises، every human reality at first is in the lowest rank of existence. By conjunction of substantial motion، the soul intensifies until reaches perfections while all result degrees are just the ranks of a single reality. The highest level of soul has all acquired perfections in simple form، whereas the lowest rank (material body) is affected by habits and states of soul.). Middle ranks also are common in impression and impressionability from each other. Therefore، relationship between soul and action is conceived in three species: 1. The presence of mental forms of actions in the soul extent. 2. The presence of habits in soul essence. 3. Incarnation and ideation of long-term dispositions at appropriate forms in physical body.

In this article we will study one of the important questions of religious-studies which is the consistency of God’s existence and the problem of evil. Although the problem of evil has been discussed by religious scholars in the past, but it has taken a new form today. Some atheists such as Hume believe that the problem of evil denies God’s existence and the two ideas are inconsistent. Hume’s reasoning is criticized in this article and it is proved that if God, who is all-knowing, absolutely powerful and completely well-wisher, has enough moral and logical reasons for occurrence of evil, we may conclude that God’s existence is consistent with the evil. Existence of a small amount of evil is the essential of this material world and the creation of this world without its essential is not possible; and the essentially impossible matters do not take place even by an absolute power. Therefore it is impossible for God to create this world which includes a great amount of goodness without its essential because in that case the world of materials should not be the world of materials anymore! This is the most sufficient moral and logical reason for the occurrence of evil.