جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "muslim theologians" در نشریات گروه "فلسفه و کلام"

The Quranic revelation is the foundation and basis of religious knowledge and Islamic teachings. Thus, the efficient origin of this revelation holds paramount importance. If its divine nature comes under doubt, its enlightening role would be questioned. Some modern thinkers have challenged the divine nature of Quranic revelation and believe in its human origin. In order to show that their standpoint has a history, they have even attributed human agency to certain traditional theologians. Therefore, it is necessary to examine, based on religious sources, the efficient origin of Quranic revelation from the perspectives of both traditional theologians and modern thinkers.Using analytical, descriptive, and comparative approach, and based on religious sources, this paper aims to investigate the views of Muslim theologians, who hold a traditional interpretation of revelation, and the opinions of modern thinkers. It determines whether any of the traditional theologians asserts the humanness of Quranic revelation or not. After examining the standpoints, it has been concluded that traditional theologians unanimously affirm the divine nature of Quranic revelation. Moreover, verses and narrations also indicate the divine aspect, rendering the human origin incompatible with religious sources.

The discussion of atom among Muslim thinkers from the first century to the sixth century of Hijri is one of the significant and effective theological theories in the Islamic world. This theory was first introduced by the Mu'tazili thinkers with a theological approach in the Islamic world and later the Ash'aris acknowledged it as well. According to this theory, the world is the result of polycentricity and scatteration of individual and small components. According to the historical evidence, the origin of the adaptation of this theory is not only from ancient Greece, but also from Hindi opinions such as: Sutrananika, Ibashika Buddhist groups, in Jain religion and the Nyaya school, and three major viewpoints have been proposed regarding the atom: the first viewpoint, which is the predominant attitude of the scholars including Mu'tazili and Ash'ari, is that indivisible component has no quantity and is place-oriented like a geometric point. In the second view, Mu'tazili Basri theologians believe that the body is made up of place-oriented components that have dimension and extension. In the third view, which is specific to Muhammad bin Zakariyyā, it is considered that the origin of all substances to be hylomorphic, and the first hylomorphism is the atom that includes the possibility of distortion and change in bodies and as a result the creation of the world. These three different views have similarities and differences.

In fundamental methodology, ontological, methodological, epistemological and ethical principles are examined. This article first examines the response of twelve Islamic theologians to Darwin’s theory; then main issue of this paper, which is the capacity and benefits of fundamental methodology, with two other main methodologies, namely Ian Barbour and Ahad Faramarz Qaramaleki‘s methodologis and methodology have been studiec comparatively with the library and analytical method. The important finding of this methodology in comparison with the other two mentioned lies in "comprehensiveness", "transparency", "Avoidance of Interpretation", "Avoidance of Reductionism" and forming the basis for establishing a "cognitive system" and "Forecasting for Recognition and knowledge Production". Such being the case, it can be used to place Divine foundations in place of atheists in Darwin’s theory of evolution.

Revelation is a fast, coded and mysterious way of imparting realities by God to some of His chosen servants. Revelation comes in some ways other than the common methods of acquiring knowledge; like; sensation intellectual reasoning, experiment and mystical intuition. According to Muslim theologians’ view, revelation is a phenomenon, on which the perfection of man depends and which has a paramount importance for ensuring the continuity of human life and preventing corruption, injustice, anarchy and disturbance in the existing order of man. Hence, as it is stressed in the holy Quran and the narrations of the infallible Imams, revelation is a real necessity. Using a descriptive- analytical method, this paper seeks to prove the viewpoint of Muslim thinkers, especially Muslim theologians about the necessity of revelation. Therefore, there is no room for denying it and intellectual reasoning dispels any doubt about the necessity of revelation, rather reason performs confirms the belief in revelation and prophethood.