جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "philosophical virtues" در نشریات گروه "فلسفه و کلام"

Using a descriptive-analytical method, this article investigates the relationship between philosophical and theological virtues in the transcendent philosophy developed by Mullā Ṣadrā. Christian theorists added three theological virtues: (1) faith, (2) love and (3) hope to the list of the four main virtues of philosophers, i.e. (1) wisdom, (2) courage, (3) moderation (chastity) and (4) justice. Mullā Ṣadrā contends that faith is the main and ultimate virtue and the famous four virtues are the path and means that can provide the basis for knowledge and closeness to God. The virtue of faith may be regarded as a sort of knowledge and its highest level is certainty; but faith that is strengthened in the heart is accompanied by love and sincerity. Accordingly, the virtue of faith leads the faithful to the virtue of love within the scope of emotions, and to the virtue of hope (trust, surrender, and finally attachment exclusively to God) within the scope of will. Hence, explaining the superior and guiding role of the virtue of faith, Mullā Ṣadrā separates himself from the Greek philosophers and their advocates.

Perhaps, we can remember that in a not very distant past, when children became ready to play some group games or native and local games, a few players volunteered for recruiting players for their teams and asked, “Who is with me?” At the same time, some players waited to be recruited or asked daringly, “To which team do I belong?” If we remember our own childhood and the games that we played at that time, we will understand that we grew up, built our own personalities, found friends, developed our feelings and emotions, and learnt about social life while playing those childish games. We owe a considerable amount of our philosophical virtues which have led to our practical virtues to the same native-local games of our childhood. One of the noteworthy topics in the field of critical thinking is philosophical virtues. They consist of positive thinking characteristics which contribute to better thinking. In this paper, the writer has dealt with a number of philosophical virtues, such as philosophical modesty, philosophical courage, philosophical synchrony, philosophical independence, philosophical honesty, philosophical perseverance, trusting wisdom, and justice. He has also explained the principles of the proposed philosophical virtues in children’s native and local games. Presently, computer and TV games have resulted in forgetting these original games and depriving children from the virtues that were greatly appreciated in the past.