جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "sensory" در نشریات گروه "فلسفه و کلام"

One proposed solution to address the validity of mystical experiences for non-mystics is to emphasize their frequency (tawatur). This approach suggests that certain mystical claims can be considered valid due to multiple reports from different mystics. This solution, which has been considered in Mulla Sadra's philosophy after Suhrawardi, can be seen as one of the best approaches in addressing the mentioned issue. However, even in recent research in the field of philosophy of mysticism and religion, the details of this solution have not been fully investigated. This article aims to logically formulate and elaborate on this solution using an analytical-descriptive approach, discussing key components, assumptions, and challenges. The necessary steps to achieve this goal can be outlined in six stages: first, examining the inherent validity of mystical experiences for the mystic themselves; second, establishing the possibility of sharing in mystical experiences; third, proving the occurrence of this sharing through the existence of an effective cause and the absence of obstacles; fourth, demonstrating the frequency (tawatur) of mystical experiences with necessary and sufficient conditions; fifth, discussing the authenticity and validity of tawatur; and finally, demonstrating the effectiveness of authentic tawatur in solving the problem of generalizing mystical experiences. In conclusion, if the claim of tawatur in a mystical experience successfully passes through these stages, it can be considered valid for non-mystics as well.

There are many controversies among theologians, philosophers and exegetes of the Qur'an on how revelation comes down. One of such efforts is Mulla Sadra's view in which he makes use of demonstrative reasoning, religious texts, and mysticism as a general method in order to present an explanation compatible with the apparent meaning of religious texts. He considers five phases for revelation: immediate, intellectual, imagined, sensory, and natural revelation for holy prophet, and sensory and natural for people. In his view, when the angel of revelation comes down to the prophet it does not mean that he abandons his place, rather he manifests himself while the prophet is elevated high, as well. There are a few objections raised to Mulla Sara's view and explanation answered by the authors after the meaning and phases of revelation have been explained.

In this research, the views of Professor Fayyazi have been analyzed. Sadr-ol-Mote'allehin, according to the rule of indivisible entity and by proving the existential perfections of possible beings in the essence of the Almighty Supreme Being, explaining the knowledge by presence of God (immediate apprehension, intuitive knowledge) in the position of essence. Professor Fayyazi believes that this view has its drawbacks. The basic drawback is that Mulla Sadrā’s interpretation of the systematic ambiguity of existence becomes contradictory and the structural drawback with this, is that, this view is incapable of proving God’s knowledge of the contingent things which annihilated (nonexistent) and the impossibilities capable soul. For each of the two theories, there is evidence in his works. The most important result of accepting the activity of the soul, according to the rule of “the doer (producer) and the giver of the object, that does not lack it”, is the acceptance of the possession of forms by the soul in the rank before issuance (emanation) and activity. Such a conclusion leads us to a similar theory but more accurate in the field of soul perception, which is the mystical theory of soul development (unveiling). On the other hand, talking about the capability of the soul in relation to illusory and sensory forms leads us to have the power (potentiality) of the soul, its departure from the power to actuality in the process of perception consequently, the materiality of the human soul and also the materiality of sensory and illusory perceptions. The results which are inconsistent with some of Ṣadra’s other principles. Therefore, it seems that the first theory in partial perceptions is closer to the correct opinion and has more acceptable philosophical results.

Each science has the method or means by which it achieves its goals, There are some sciences of a single method, like philosophy, and some are some other methods. The Science of the theology, which is responsible for explaining religious doctrines and answers to doubts, Various views have been presented on the one or more methods of theology of theology from different theological religions, For example, the Ahl al-Hadith selected the narrative method and the Mutazilites chose the rational method. But referring to the Quran shows that to explain religious teachings, we must use different methods.
The author in this article will show that must use the science of the theology of all possible methods, example: narrative iIcludes Quran and Traditions, rational includes reason and even definitive philosophical principles, experimental and sensory, intuitive. This claim is in contradiction to the claims of some who regard the science of the theology as certain metaphors as quoted and experimental.

In various works, Meskavayh gives numerous definitions for enjoyment - such as pain relief, backing to normal posture. He also refers to divisions of it- such as natural and unnatural, actual and passive, total and partial, good and bad, sensory and rational, real and unreal. The central question of this paper is the manner of analyzing and explanation of all aspects of enjoyment in Meskavayh‘s works. The purpose of the present paper is to analyze different aspects of the problem of enjoyment in the view of Meskavayh. Results of this study are: physical and spiritual pleasures analogical design by Ibn Meskavayh, The strong influence of Sharia Islam on his definition of pleasure and lack of strength in his definition of pleasure in relation to the definition of Avicenna.

In his different books and treatises, Sohrewardi proposes different definitions for pleasure. These definitions differ with each other in terms of the quality and quantity of the qualifications used in them. He believes that there is strong relationship between pleasure and light. In some of his works, Sohrewardi divides pleasure into sensory (physical) and spiritual pleasures, and in some others into bodily and heavenly pleasures. He refers to eternal pleasure in other occasions. On the other hand, he divides pleasure into sensory and intellectual and the latter into external and internal, and believes that internal pleasures are superior to external ones, and intellectual pleasures are superior to sensory ones. He explains these aspects of superiority by using peripatetic and illuminative methods. He also believes that pleasure is not univocal but equivocal. The present paper investigates the nature and types of pleasure in Sohrewardi's view.