جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Ontological Realism » در نشریات گروه « فلسفه و کلام »

If we consider the belief in the existence of something independent of the mind, regardless of why and how it is, the most minimal claim of the ontological realist point of view; Many positions that are attributed to anti-realism are not anti-realist. However, different viewpoints face problems in explaining this external truth and determining the ratio of scientific knowledge to it. In the meantime, the critical point of view, in addition to believing that scientific knowledge is derived from truth independent of the mind and constant of the external world, considers it to be dependent on mental and conceptual frameworks and results in a kind of fluid ontology. Scientific activities in this approach try to validate the most available criteria to describe reality and choose the best explanation. In this article, the critical point of view and how to explain the ontological approach based on Ninilotu's theories will be discussed. Ninilotu, one of the pioneers of critical realism in the scientific field, tries to support tropical realism based on Williams's category theory by introducing tropes. Based on this, the external reality (including the external object and the partial attributes related to each object) is formed by the conceptual activities of humans and is manifested in the form of language.

The present paper examines the concept of the meaning of life in the Soren Kierkegaard’s view. Kierkegaard sees the concept of "meaning" as "end" and believes in "biology" as the supreme biologist. Based on evidence from his works, he believes that the end is not to be discovered in biology, but it is creatable. There are three witnesses to this: first, the end is, in Kierkegaard's view, paradoxical, and paradox is not real, but mental. Secondly, Christianity, in his opinion, is anxious, not religious, and religion is unreasonable, and in relation to the mind not connected with the outside, and third, that he does not consider God as an active being, but rather the existence of anxiety, The mind and mind of man. Kierkegaard's predictions in this evidence include ontological non-reality, individualism, and faith. An analysis of these three presumptions suggests that Kierkegaard believed in the supposition of meaning in life.

The belief in discernibility of the meaning of life is the idea that the meaning of life exists and Can be discovered. Although Tabatabaie has not explicitly addressed the issue, there are pieces of evidence which imply that he believes in discernibility of the meaning of life. Tabatabaie believes that action, subject, and the purpose exist as a unified existence. The purpose is a higher stage in the hierarchy of ontology. The purpose of human life is the result of divine guidance and requires the unity of the divine action. Analysis of this evidence shows that Tabatabaie believes in ontological realism, rationalism, teleology and the capability of human beings in finding the truth in their life which reveal his view about the discernibility. So Tabatabaie’s theory about the meaning of life is a kind of objectivist theories and is far from subjectivism.

This article comments on some of the most important theories of meaning about words in The West. And also we will discuss about relation between this theories and Semantic realism of meaning.These theories are:A) The descriptive theory of meaningB) The referential theory of meaning C) The Usage theory of meaning Then we will try to extract Tabatabaei theory of meaning from his works. ThisdebateonIslamicphilosophyhas been describedin othermanner that have arisen in the contemporaryWest’s philosophy. In this paper, Tabatabaei theory of meaning is presented by the literature of Western Philosophy, until comparing the Allameh theory with alternative theories to be possible. Since the theory of semantics and theory of epistemology from a philosopher must have consistency and coherence anddiscussionsinthese twolayersareinterdependent; Withregard tothisdoctrine, in this article, Allameh theory of meaning is extracted of his works. According to Allameh, knowledge is divided into two categories: presential knowledge (knowledge by presence) and acquired knowledge. And acquired knowledge itself is divided into two categories: the natures (Maheyyat) and conventionals (Etbariat). And concepts of conventional (Etebari) also to both the precommunity (Ma Ghabl Ejtma') and the pastcommunity (Ma Bad Ejtma')is divided.According to Allameh, For eachregion of awareness,thereisspecial theory of meaning. Inthis article, you will see thatthe Allamehtheoryofmeaning in knowledge by presenceandnature (a bunch of acquired knowledge) with thereferentialtheoryof meaninghas beenadapted. Becauseknowledgein these two areas, subjectsomehow access to the referents of these concepts. Andinthe precommunity conventional (Etebariat Ma Ghabl Ejtem') with descriptive theory of meaning and inthe postcommunity conventional (Etebariat Ma Bad Ejtema') with usage theory of meaning has been adapted.