جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « suspended man » در نشریات گروه « فلسفه و کلام »

Among the researches in the philosophy is the study of the effect and impression of philosophers on each other. With the translation of the sixth book of the physics of Healing into Latin, Avicenna's psychology attracted the attention of scholastic philosophers. William of Auvergne is one of the philosophers who was influenced by Ibn Sina's psychology, but this influence has been neglected. Under the influence of Ibn Sina, William proposes the hypothesis of the suspended man to justify self-awareness and prove the existence of the soul and its distinction from the body, but attributes it to himself. He also mentions Ibn Sina's statement on the immateriality of the soul, but this discussion is now known as the Augustinian theory. In the discussion of the immortality of the soul, William of Auvergne has distorted Ibn Sina's theory, which believes in the individual immortality of the soul, and attributed the theory of the unity of the soul to Ibn Sina, a theory that is incompatible with the Christian concept of the afterlife, and as a result, this distortion leads to the church has opposed Ibn Sina's thought. Examining Auvergne's theory about the soul and its attributes and comparing it with Ibn Sina's opinions based on analytical-comparative method forms the structure of this research.

The review of history of philosophy will reveal that discussion on such issues as self-consciousness, consciousness, and self-knowledge was not of so great importance until the very beginning of modern age. Medieval philosophersparticularly followers of Aristotelian tradition- held that the nature of selfconsciousness plays role only in psychology and epistemology, a view which is the natural outcome of Aristotle's definition of intellect as a mere capacity. Avicenna is the most famous exception in Islamic tradition in Medieval Age whose famous allegory, "Suspended man", is based on human soul's knowledge on itself. However, Avicenna's reaction to consciousness and selfconsciousness is never limited to describing suspended man. The early selfconsciousness has central role in providing the ground for the unification of functions of soul, especially its cognitive functions. As if Avicenna has come to observe the lack of such unifying center of consciousness which has made a great gap in Aristotelian psychology. In Avicenna's view, self-consciousness lead to sameness of knowledge and existence, because self is exactly the consciousness and the relationship between self and existence is anyway a kind of knowledge on self.