جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "بصره" در نشریات گروه "ادیان و عرفان"

One of the theological currents of the Islamic world was the I‘tizal current, which began its activities in the Basra region in the first century and over time achieved many advances in the expression of theological ideas. But in the third century, the activities of the I‘tizal current in the Basra school stopped under the influence of several factors. The main question of this research is how did the Mu‘tazila school of Basra get out of the recession? The present study was conducted using a descriptive- analytical method and the result show that Abu Ali Al-Jubba’i, one of the leaders of the Mu‘tazila school in Basra, using measures such as transferring the school from Basra to Askar Mukarram, holding debate meetings, training students and compilation of books and expressing new ideas and confrontation with the opponents of I‘tizal has been effective in bringing the Mu‘tazila school of Basra out of the recession.

This is a research that seeks traces of the continuity of the theological current of Hishām b. al-Ḥakam in Basra. The research is pursued with the question of why and how Hishām b. al-Ḥakam’s thoughts continued in Basra. As it seems, after Hishām b. al-Ḥakam and his students were persecuted by the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad, some of his students, such as ‘Alī b. Ismā’īl al-Maythamī and al-Ḥakam b. Hishām b. al-Ḥakam, migrated to Basra to continue their theological activities, because the city was a thriving environment for theological dialogues and was distant from the center of the Abbasid Caliphate. In order to pursue their theological thoughts, they had scholarly interactions with the intellectual sect of Mu’tazila, and the opposition they faced from some Imāmīs in Basra is remarkable. Given oppositions to them by people outside and inside the Imāmīyya denomination, the current faded after a short-term presence and influential activities in Basra. Although there has so far not been a clear picture of their presence in Basra, in this research we have found that the theological strand following Hishām was active in Basra in late second and mid-third centuries AH.

The aim of this paper is examining some of the reasons based on the Hadith that one of the people who made claims to be the successor for lifesaviour, named Ahmad – bin Ismail Basari. This person introduced himself as the one of the grandsons of Imam Asr (Contemporary Imam Mahdi) and he claimed that he is the person who makes the world suitable for the arrival of Imam Mahdi and he will receive the government and Caliphate after Imam Mahdi. He has tried to prove his claim by exploiting the traditions quoted from the innocent Imams. And also, his followers claim that all his remarks and his reasons are derived from the divine science and criticizing or questioning them is impossible. A thorough analysis of the reasons that have been explained by him, shows that this person had the intention to deceive his addressees by resorting to the unauthentic Hadith, and using unscientific resources, cutting the Hadith into pieces, distorting the meaning of and justification for them. Two thing made us to criticize some of his reasons based the Hadith, after introducing this person and his method of advertising. The first one is that this movement is new in Iran and the second one is that we felt the need to scientifically examine and analyze in such a way that has been derived from the valid resources. The method of this paper is descriptive and analytic and we have found the false claims of this man against the Imams and using the illiteracy of his followers in the field of traditions quoted from Imams. And also it has been tried to prove the invalidity of his claims by analyzing some of the reasons that have been claimed and by paying attention to this fact that the recommended (by prophet) and the successor of Imam Mahdi must have the knowledge and chastity.