جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « عشق حقیقی » در نشریات گروه « ادیان و عرفان »

One of the neglected areas of Sadra's wisdom is virtual sensual love and its relation to the inner structure of the family. The family and its strength is the main pillar of social ethics and its problems have devastating consequences in various areas of society. Mulla Sadra's analysis of the features and accessories of virtual love draws our attention to the high place of love in the family structure and its role in social ethics. The consequences of this love, by changing the insights and attitudes of spouses and overshadowing components such as love, commitment and patience, lead them to excellence in behavioral, moral and spiritual domains. At the same time, violence, lust and betrayal will disappear, and the system of education of children will be improved, which will eventually lead to the organization of the family system, the upbringing of an educated generation, and worldly and otherworldly success, and society will surely benefit from it. In this research, we explain how these developments take place in the shadow of sensual virtual love.

The delicate love discussed in this article is a critical topic in Persian mysticism and literature. This article, via a descriptive research method and the library and documentary research techniques, intends to answer the main question: what does Sa’di mean by love? The data show that Mosleh al-Din Sa’adi Shirazi is one of the poets of scholar, tourist, sage, and philosopher and one of the high peaks of Persian language and literature, who has dealt with the subject of love with his eloquent and flowery language and with frankness and humor. His works of poetry and prose are full of romantic satire. Sa’adi’s love is both spiritual (mystical and heavenly) and earthly. His loving worldview and aesthetic outlook have made us consider the whole universe beautiful and lovable. At the same time, Sa’adi, following other mystics and poets, believes love above reason and considers the reason so weak in front of love. Behind the scenes of virtual beauties and loves, he looks at the real face of their creator. In brief, it can be said that Sa’adi’s thinking in love is far from extremes and has adopted a language of moderation.

Ahmad Khani (1706-1650) is a great Kurdish poet and mystic in northern Kurdistan. Poetry in the North Kurmanji dialect, he has created works in this language. Among these works is the poem "Mam and Zin". This poem, which is the love story between "Mam" and "Zin", the sister of Amir "Bhutan", ends in tragedy with the malice and evil efforts of Bakr, the villain of the story, and they cannot be connected in this world; But their love and affection become a bridge to the truth. In this research, which is done in an analytical-descriptive way using library resources, the author intends to introduce the work and address the issue of love in the poem "Mam and Zin". The conclusion of this study is that Khani accepts virtual love and considers it a bridge to true love. In addition, the poem "Mam and Zin" is a crystallization of his romantic thoughts and experiences. Also, this poem is a very good example for the famous phrase "Al-Majaz Qantra Al-Haqiqa".

Muslim gnostics maintain that the reality of love is indefinable, it is obtainable not something which is known. Literally, it means excessive love and has its roots in the various dimensions of human existence. Its highest level is genuine love, which is represented in the love of God and His Names and Attributes. Love of anything other than God in its different kinds is a metaphorical love. Spiritual and erotic loves are the main kind of love. Spiritual love is a love which is characteristic of man and has its roots in the mutual understanding between the lover and the beloved and the urgent need of man’s esthetic nature. If this kind of love has no suspicion of animality and is pure, it can be a bridge which leads the truth. There are indications in Islamic narrations which confirm this pure and chaste love. Erotic and brutish love is not a true love; rather, it is a surge of passion which has its roots in the carnal dimensions of man. It is perishable and a serious menace to the values of man’s existence, and hinders him/her from seeking perfection. Naturally, incase such love though it is out of one’s choice or one cannot help being with entangled in it is approved religion and observes reservation and chastity it will lead to man’s salvation.

"Love" which is a kind of tendency and attraction and means “strong friendship” is divided into kinds: genuine and false. As for, "intellect", it is deposited in the soul by God to enlighten and estimate and it is not a kind of tendency, and its outcomes sometimes comes under the heading of "is and is not" (theoretical intellect) and sometimes under the heading of "ought and ought not" (practical intellect). Practical intellect has different levels including expedient intellect (calculator), which acts as the manager of life and intellect of faith which is in turn divided into conventional and superior (divine) intellect. According to the triple minds, three types of personality are developed in man, which are as follows: animal, biological, rational and divine. Given the definitions of "intellect" and "love", and development of the types of personality, the encounter between intellect and love culminates in different state, and in the best states. if love is genuine and intellect is divine, there will be no contradiction in this relationship and the lover will, in fact, be a rational person, and his/her love will be a most rational acts. The same is true of Imam Hussein’s uprising which is a movement based on superior intellect and genuine love led by an impeccable divine character.

Love is one of the main subjects of Islamic mysticism and theosophy, in a way that we cannot enter to these areas without love. There are many definitions for love, and everyone defines it from his point of view and with regard to their capacity. Moreover some poets, authors, scientists, and philosophers have presented their perception of love, each of which in its universality and in comparison to each other has portrait different aspects of love. In this regard Roozbahan Begholi, known as “Sheikh of Shattah” and “Shattah of Fars” and the head of all Roozbahans, has also defined love from the viewpoint of Persian literature and mysticism; and his viewpoint is related to his purpose and is proportionate to express his mystical experiences, ethical concepts, different didactic issues, and finally to express secrets of love and its delight. At the present research we present summary of viewpoints related to sheikh of Shattah about love and its kinds, description, definition, and generally the position of love, then we study and analyze it.

What follows in the research the main focus is on love as explained by Ahmad Qazali, the mystic of 6th century A.H. As you know, one of the principles of mysticism is takling about love, and this phenomenon is the building block of life and dynamism in the poetic and prose Farsi literature that has dealt with it since 5th century A.H.Love as the spice of conversationalists has created the golden poem of human living. And since the basis of social life of human being is on love and affection, mystics and Sufis were determined to visualize the available objectivities in the mind and restate the untold intentions of people.Thus, among the shiny aspects of Farsi literature, the life making light of Sophistic and pedantic literature is of high value and validiy that the climax of its flowering refers to 5th and 6th A.H., the period in which despite the domination of invading countries, it has coincided with the expansion of guiding and reforming trainings as well as well-known intellectuals such as Sanaee Qaznavi, Attar Neishbouri, Owhadi Maraqayee, Mowlana Jalaledding Mohammad Balkhi, Hafiz, and Soltan Valad in the field of mystical poetic literature, and Ibn Sina, Aflatoon, Ahmad Qazali, Sayfeddin Bakharzi, Fakhreddin Iraqi, Aziz Nasfi, Shah Nematollah Vali, Noureddin Abdorrahman Jami, and others in the field of mystical prose literature.Their encouraging messages and liberating lessons involved their entity and existence and their homeland based on love and affection.Qazali, who knew that the quantity of wisdom is overridden by love, and mystical journey is possible through the wigns of love, and that through love manifests on can reach God, and that secret language is the sensation one, wrote a treaise titled Savaneh fel eshq revolving around love and in an eloquent descriptive language, that the outstanding researcher and intellect Mr. Iraj Afshar has rectified it. What follows is some tiny drops out of the mystical sea of love by Ahmed Qazali.