جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « karma » در نشریات گروه « ادیان و عرفان »

A large number of Buddhist-sogdian texts reflect the influential activities of Buddhist translators in the Central Asian convents. The purpose of this article is to examine the questions and answers raised in the Sogdio-Buddhist text: The Sūtra of the Cause and the Effect of the operation. Therefore, the questions raised by Ananda (one of the Buddha’s students) from Buddha have been selected from Mackenzie-transliteration. For this reason, the questions raised by Buddha (one Buddhist disciple) have been selected from the Sūtra's Text (written by Mackenzie). These clauses have been written by the author based on the transcriptional glossary of Gharib and then have been analyzed thematically to provide a better Persian translation. Selected questions and answers in this article contain informative points about the teachings of Buddha, the most important of which is the Karma law, according to which the present situation of a person in this world is the result of his past behavior and condition. In this way, man is grappling with a rebounded turning point (Samsāra), which ultimately liberates this suffering through the path of self-perfection and morality, and reaches into the infinite essence (Nirvāna).

The Buddhism is an ethical religion which has practical concerns rather than theoretical ones. Buddha's concern was man's liberation from suffering, and his attainment to Nirvana (cessation, extinction). Introducing Buddhism in brief, the present paper discusses the principles, purpose, ranks, and scope of Buddhist ethics, and finally studies and criticizes some of its doctrines. The principles of Buddhist ethics are as follow: the ‘four noble truths,’ Karma (work, action) rule, and the principle of incarnation. Not all men can achieve complete moral perfection; a Buddhist must liberate himself from avarice, grudge, and deceit, and conduct with others friendly and sympathetically. According to Buddha, man will be liberated from suffering and reincarnation in this world and achieve eternal peace and salvation by liberating himself from personal and social concerns and by subduing of all sensual desires and drives.

The phenomenology of Indian popular films, based on identifying both the philosophical and technical codes, is a prolegomenon for achieving a domestic dialogue as a global popular culture. The formation of the dialogues based on the structure of the indigenous philosophical and religious thought, and creation of a romantic, dreamy and imaginary world influenced by the philosophical, religious and mythological components and elements, have provided the possibility of realization of a global phenomenon regarding traditionalism and Indigenism. The main concern of this article is to survey the paradoxical narrative dialogue of the Indian popular cinema which besides its "mass production", "stereotypes", "audience-oriented approach" and … reflects the philosophical and religious heritage of the land. But the artistic and the intellectual works of the Indian cinema, in spite of their strong realism, characterization, poetic language and … are not able to express the minimums of the Indian cultural, ethnic, traditional, intellectual and philosophical identity.

Reincarnation, which means rebirth of the soul or self in a series of physical or preternatural embodiments such as human being, animal, plant or divine, angelic and demonic embodiments, is a fundamental doctrine in some Asian religions. Though it has been stated that this idea could be originated in primitive religions, in Indian religions it is an essential doctrine directly connected with two basic beliefs namely karma and samsāra. For Hindus the process of rebirth is endless, but it can be ceased by true liberation or mokśa. The development of the concept of reincarnation is traceable through the Hindu Scriptures such as Vedas, Brāhmanas, Upanisads and bhagavadgītā, which is a part of the great Indian epic Mhābhārata. Scholars put forward different theories about the origin of the Hindu doctrine of reincarnation, so much so that they recognized it as a non-Indian idea; however eventually they reached to a consensus: the belief stems from Indian indigenous cults.

Eternal deliverance and salvation has been searched and undergone various expressions by human beings during the different ages of history. In Hinduism, According to doctrine of rebirth and karma, this goal is identical with mokša or liberation from cycle of samsāra and karma; by which spirit can reach ultimate unity with Brahman and experience the eternal life and deliverance. Bhakti thinkers have expressed different interpretations of acquiring mokśa and quality of this station by relying on teachings of the Bhagavadgitā- one of the sacred Hindu books. We intend to introduce mokśa, its various kinds, and opinions of some dominant thinkers of Bhaktī School such as Rāmānuja, Nimbārka, Madhva, Vallabha, Kabīr and Nānak.