جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شورا » در نشریات گروه « ادیان و عرفان »

Al Qaeda leaders are opposed to the superficial interpretation of Islamic concepts entered from the western countries. In their opinions, the democratic government which is based on popular vote, is equal to blasphemy and apostasy. And they believe such governments are the epochal innovation against Islam. Based on Al Qaeda views, the Islamic governors who have been deceived by colonialism are trying to execute the political western patterns in Islamic countries and suggest the multi- political parties. Some of them, by referring to Holy Quran verse «Åöäøó ÝöÑúÚóæúäó ÚóáóÇ Ýöی ÇáúÃóÑúÖö æóÌóÚóáó ÃóåúáóåóÇ ÔöیÚÇð» maintain that the “ Shiite” means “parties” and parties followers, are just the Pharaoh’s followers. In Al Qaeda resources, the main consequences of democracy in Islamic governments are the lack of supremacy of creator on creature, and accepting the supremacy of creature on creature, creature worshiping instead of creator worshiping, replacing the divine sovereignty by human sovereignty (Taghoot) or on the other hand, the majority sovereignty, hiding divine stewardship and detestation from pagans, and also equality of the most libertine and virtuous in the destiny of Islamic country. The second part of this study considers some Arab intellectuals and attempts to study the democracy position, and challenges the Al Qaeda leaders misunderstanding of democracy. Democracy is supposed as a school by Al Qaeda, whereas it is a way of administrating the Islamic government. In other words, it is actually the council with a strong and firm executive guarantee.

Establishment of jurisprudence committees are one of important examples of gregarious Ejtehad in recent Era. Furthermore this would be a starter for an important age in history of Islamic Tashri’ which Ejtehad would release from limited individual or territorial monopolies. Thus it would embrace beyond geographical bonds and Islamic Ummah’s Mojtaheds, until using from any expertise and talent for growth of this Ummah. The function of jurisprudence committees are based on egregious Ejtehad and scientific researches that in there jurisconsults and Islamic scholars declare their thoughts via consolation, discussion and dialogue till select an idea which is more provable and it is nearest to Shari’at’s rules and Ahkam. With an outlook toward activities and duties of contemporary jurisprudence committees we could clearly see their influence on this kind of Ejtehad. Returning committee’s validity actively is results of jurisprudence committees in contemporary era for solving problems and difficulties, and also refers to thoughts of other Mojtaheds in Fatwa’s field. The establishment of these committees shows Muslims’ attention and attempt to their religion that they would understand which prayer is acceptable and which is not, and recognize their Halal and Haram in their prayers and deals. Without any doubt, elude of Muslims from great jurisprudence sources on one hand and utilizing individual understanding in solving complicated and Hadith problems in other hand has weaken jurisprudence in responding to problems. While establishing jurisprudence committees, which Fatwa is result of gregarious Ejtehad of Islamic Ummah jurisconsults’, could gratify dangerous results and problems.

According to political system of Imamate the Infallible Imam is ordained by God. According to Imam Ali who was the first in identification of Shia Islam people can play an effective role by their presence in the government. Though endowed with infallibility and divine ordainment, Imam Ali was prevented from caliphate, and finally undertook the government and administration of Muslim Community as result of will and insistence of people. He regarded the consultations of the Emigrants (Muhaajireen) and assistants as their agreement on an individual as Imam to be the ground for God's pleasure and endorsed his own election by people. This article attempts to discuss compatibility or incompatibility of divine ordainment and election by people, role of public opinion in legitimization of government by infallible Imam, realization velayat (guardianship) of an divinely ordained Imam, conditionality or unconditionality of the authority of council, allegiance and their religious and legal effects, place of prominent members of community. And masses at large in conception and formation of Imamate etc. all on the basis of the ideas and practices of Imam Ali.

The present paper is an attempt to examine A perspective to principled political strategies for underlying scene setting government using the Holy Quran. The most significant underlying issue that is important in this context is the ‘how’ of principled political strategies for and how to move from the status quo to a desirable state. the ‘how’ of principled political strategies is based on faith beliefs in the evolutionary direction of God’s messengers and sin-free Imams. The strategies in this regard are (attempted to be) based on Quranic models which has been explained in this paper.

The subject of ‘democracy’ with its capacity to conform to the national customs in Islamic societies has had the precedence of familiarity of Muslims with Plato’s and Aristotle’s opinions since a very ling time ago. In the contemporary period too, the Shiites looking into ‘democracy’ for indicating its relation and its proportion to the Mahdist government has attracted the attention of many thinkers to the issue.The theory of ‘democracy’ was designed and introduced almost 3000 years ago as a political thought which spread everywhere. But due to its wide sense and ambiguity of meaning its principles and bases have all made it difficult for many people to find the relation between democracy and the doctrine of Mahdism.Now, this article has dealt with the role of people in a government called “Mahdist Government”. It Has tried to clarify any compatibilities or incompatibilities between democracy and Mahdism to remove apprehension. The sacred movement of Mahdism will be an overwhelming global revolution to mobilize everyone to swear allegiance and promise loyalty with Imam Mahdi(PBuH). This government will function by using its special mechanisms to stabilize a universal policy.