جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اشتغال زنان » در نشریات گروه « فقه و حقوق »

guaranteeing women's employment and gender equality is one of the important international challenges that has been examined in the written laws of most countries. In the present study, an attempt has been made to address this issue by examining the laws of Iran, France, and Egypt, as well as judicial practice. This article is descriptive and analytical and library method is used.Ethical Considerations: In this article, the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness are observed. The jurisprudence and judicial system of Iran, Egypt and France have each looked at women's right to employment in a different way, and this difference of opinion and opinion in legal texts and judicial procedure is different according to its origin and basis. Egyptian law has paid attention to the equality between citizens without discrimination based on gender and does not discriminate between men and women in the right to work. French law has approved women's right to equality with a broader perspective. The right to employment of every person, both men and women, is one of the basic human rights recognized in Islam. On the other hand, the headship of the husband in the family and the need for the wife to obey him is one of the rights that Islam insists on. Exercising these two rights causes legal disputes between wives.

Women's employment in affairs outside the home and their economic conflicts are among the issues that deserve more attention and care. The purpose of this research is to explain the legitimacy or non-legitimacy of women's employment outside the home, in the discussion of women's employment, according to the suitability of employment with the mental and physical characteristics of working women, and also the benefit of society and family. The present article has analyzed the use of descriptive-analytical method for jurisprudential and legal reasons regarding the permission of forced guardianship in the employment of women outside the home. Among the findings of the research is that women's employment is permissible if it does not conflict with the family interests and the status of the parties. In other words, the legitimacy of women's employment is not absolute, but is bound by certain conditions.

The purpose of present study is to clarify the status of housewives in the legal system of Iran, with respect to government duties, due to provide a legal solution for protecting; because significant enjoyment of rights and duties depends on employment. Maine difficulty of the law is setting the level of supports. The research method is descriptive-analytical with comparative approach. At the first special problems of Iranian housewives are being described and the current legal approach to them is being explained; as the weaknesses become clearer, in the light of the experience of other countries, recommendations are made to improve them. The most critical issue of housewives is the deficit of public participation and lack of direct access to public wealth resources. Currently, the legal system does not have a comprehensive plan for housewives. The proposed solution, for next generations, is to create empowering young women to achieve employment opportunity and, in the case of the current generation, facilitating civil participation through non-governmental organizations and applying positive discrimination mechanisms in favor of housewives.

Women's employment has become increasingly unavoidable in today's world. However, it is impermissible for a wife to go out for work except with her husband's permission, otherwise it can be considered as her disobedience or her refusal to fulfil her marital duties "NASHUZ''. Concerning the wife's permission restriction to get out of the house, a group of Islamic jurists believes in the absolute necessity of receiving such permission from the male spouse while another group argues that it is permissible for the female spouse to go out unless it contradicts with her "absolute sexual submission". After all, the female spouse can get out of the house and work if needed. All Islamic religious parties are in consensus that if the female spouse employment - whether at home or away - is in full contradiction with the absolute right of male spouse regarding wife's sexual submission, it basically needs the consent of the male spouse in this respect. Shia and Sunni jurists share the same view that female spouse employment should not be conflicted with the interests of the family, nor with the dignity of both spouses, nor with the duty of parenting and strengthening the family. Having responsibility for providing care and support for the family, the male spouse can monitor and manage his wife's commute. Furthermore, according to the principle of free will, the female spouse can take possession of her properties while her husband has no right to interfere in her personal affairs, although the consent of her husband is considered to be a virtue. The employment option and the permission to get out of the house, as the condition of marriage, can be included in the prenuptial agreement or marriage contract by the female spouse.

This study explores the views on gender justice and shows how consideration of the differences between women and men has an impact on women's employment. The concept of gender justice seeks to define justice between women and men in terms of situations and circumstances, and the different talents and responsibilities of men and women. The realization of justice depends on considering the situations and circumstances as well as the differences in the allocation of facilities, however, some believe only in gender equality. The purpose of this article is to answer two questions: First, is it possible to judge completely fairly and equally between people regardless of differences? Second, what is the impact of women's employment on life? In this paper, the following issues will be discussed: the concepts of equality, justice and the difference between them, entitlement justice, gender justice, justice from the perspective of law and religions, the distinction of justice from equality, the concept of gender from the viewpoint of psychologists, feminists and Islam, the concept of women's employment status in society, the causes and factors of women's approach to employment, the impact of women's employment on the individual, family and society, the impact of gender justice on women's employment, and finally the strategies in the field of women's and men's employment. The research method is analytical, critical and documentary.