جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شاه » در نشریات گروه « فقه و حقوق »

From Naseri era until Constitutional Revolution because of lack of Rule of law as a symbol of modern government, voluntarism or king’s volition was one of the most important basis of legal rule validation that had deep roots in traditional and intellectual background of Iranian society. This volition received its legitimation from God’s will and people as  peasants, by accepting this issue, considered this power transformation as a kind of charisma. However, because king’s volition came out of king’s characteristics, it was considered to have a variable basis and their derived rule had characteristics such as unpredictability, lack of equality element, uncertainty, lack of continuity and limitation. These features in contrast by modern legal paradigm could not have structure based on natural justice or legal justice and eventually led to the Constitutional Revolution. The major goal of this research is to analyzing the characters of traditional voluntarism frome the perspective of the modern voluntarism. Therfore, it would be possible to clarifing the structural challenges of the pre-revolutionary legal system.

Political elites in the authoritarian and semi-authoritarian countries that have power tools often fully and continuously can play a main role in the course of political development and undevelopment in these groups of countries. In this regard, the study of the quality of playing of this role in contemporary history of Iran, especially after Mordad, 28, 1332 (August, 18, 1953) coup that was associated with an increase of power of the monarchy (Shah) until Islamic revolution is very important in order to help us recognize some effective factors in the process of progress or little progress in political development in Iran. The question of this article is that what role political elites play in political development of Iran in the years between 1332 and 1357 (1953 and 1979). The answer to this question in this article is that the political elites of Iran in the mentioned era played a preventive role in the course of political development through some actions such as creating pyramidal and hierarchical power, abusing power and corruption, preventing holding free elections and doing electoral fraud, suppressing press freedom and independence and also suppressing of political independent parties and groups.