جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « data protection » در نشریات گروه « فقه و حقوق »

Artificial intelligence has emerged as a key component of cybersecurity due to its ability to assess security threats in real-time and take appropriate action. AI is now more influential in identifying and stopping attacks that keep businesses on the cutting edge. Identifying and preventing threats is the main focus of the role of artificial intelligence in cyber security. If cyber attacks and attacks are carried out using artificial intelligence algorithms, defense against them requires more advanced technologies, and using them to collect and analyze data may lead to the violation of users' privacy. It may also in some cases not be able to correctly predict how a cyber attack will be carried out, which can lead to a decrease in cyber security.Research on improving the capabilities of artificial intelligence to detect and prevent cyber attacks, identify suspicious patterns and behaviors, and implement effective security measures can create significant improvements in cyber security. Also, examining data analysis in order to identify unusual patterns and behaviors of users. It can help in the early detection of cyber attacks and their prevention, and promoting the use of advanced encryption technologies to protect data and prevent unauthorized access to them can make significant improvements in cyber security.One of the main findings from the research on the impact of artificial intelligence on increasing cyber security and data protection is that the use of artificial intelligence can provide significant improvements in the detection, prevention and management of cyber attacks through big data analysis, identifying suspicious patterns, and implementing security measures. Automating and improving intrusion detection systems can provide significant improvements in cybersecurity and help reduce security risks online.

Metaverse is a Three-dimensional (3D) virtual framework where users can communicate with each other and engage in various activities. Despite the advantages that have led to the development of Metaverse, this environment also has many legal challenges. Along with new opportunities, this virtual world has caused different legal problems. Among these problems are issues related to preserving the integrity of the physical and spiritual personality of people, as well as how to protect intellectual property rights and even material property rights of people. Regardless of the challenges, one of the most important concerns for users who are active in this virtual world is how to protect their digital identity and personal data in the metaverse. Explaining that people in the metaverse are in the form of avatars; Avatars are a representation of a person's personality in the metaverse and allow users to recreate not only their physical appearance but also their movements and behaviors. The use of avatars has created various challenges. One of the most important challenges is how to protect information privacy, specifically protecting personal data in the Metaverse, as well as the possibility of giving avatars personality. The stated issues are the main questions that this research has answered with a descriptive-analytical approach and the use of comparative studies. Now there is no specific law for metaverse. Therefore, it is difficult to control this virtual world and the flow of legal protections for it, even though many people are related to Metaverse for various reasons and the lack of a legal framework is inappropriate and even dangerous. According to the above, the solution is to use related legal frameworks in the effective legal systems regarding Metaverse as well as the Iranian legal system. In other words, some provisions of related laws and regulations in the EU legal system can be used as an effective legal system for this issue. The European Digital Identity Regulation, as well as the legal related to artificial intelligence in this legal system, are among these matters. In addition, it is appropriate to pay attention to the legal frameworks related to the protection of personal data in each of the legal systems due to the connection between digital identity and personal data. In this regard, it is possible to use the European General Data Protection Regulation and the proposed documents related to personal data in Iranian law. Considering that one of the most important aspects of protection based on the previous frameworks is the existence of various obligations for controllers and processors and numerous rights for data subjects; It seems that the use of these obligations and rights in Metaverse will lead to legal protections in this environment. blockchain technology can also be used to control the metaverse. Blockchain is a safe and widely used technology that is significant in various fields. Regarding the current discussion, blockchain can be used as a platform for realizing legal protection in the metaverse and monitoring it. Each of the different types of blockchain - mentioned in this research - controls the metaverse in a way and specifically protects personal data and identities in this environment. According to the results of this research, it seems that the use of private blockchains is more suitable due to the better implementation of laws and regulations on it, as well as the ability of legal institutions to monitor it. Of course, the use of this technology has also been evaluated in some legal systems, including the European Union, while this has not been achieved in Iranian law. For this reason, the Iranian legislator should - with the help of people who are experts in this technology - determine the legal opinion regarding which of the types of blockchain is more suitable for realizing comprehensive protection for digital identities in the metaverse.

In the face of the Corona epidemic crisis, social relations are being transferred to cyberspace at a double speed. one of the important strategies to fight the corona epidemic is information technology-based solutions. As a result, data flows in the corona crisis are increasing exponentially. Data protection regimes; Regulates data collection, transmission and processing, and addresses user rights in this area. In this article, the author seeks to answer the question: "What are the data protection requirements in the Corona crisis in the European Union and the Islamic Republic of Iran?" With a descriptive analytical method and a discriminatory comparative approach. So compliance with data protection requirements in the face of the Corona epidemic crisis is still necessary, and data protection laws provide for the exceptions and flexibility required to deal with the epidemic crisis. Finally, in the absence of a coherent data protection legal regime in the country, it is suggested that Information Technology Committee of the National Anti-Corona Headquarters to protect the rights of citizens in the Corona crisis, based on general legal principles and scattered laws, provide temporary guidelines on data protection in crisis. Prepare a corona and submit it to the National Anti-Corona Headquarters for approval.

In obtaining digital evidence, one has to take many different steps. Regarding this, criminal systems still have not agreed upon a unique standard, particularly in the case of digital evidences. Digital forensics, as a science concerning the processes of obtaining evidence, proposes anti-forensic methods that, if they are paid attention to, countries can make their laws more technical in terms of content. Unfortunately, digital forensics does not have a favourable situation in terms of theory and practice. In this respect, the weakness of Acts and instruments such as the Iranian criminal procedure Act and the regulations regarding collecting electronic evidence is apparent. This essay has examined the challenges in digital forensics with a descriptive approach and seeks to approximate them by applying the rules of Iran and English criminal systems.

Protecting the privacy of individuals has always been considered a global principle by international institutions and has been stipulated in many international documents. Nowadays, lawmakers have considered personal data more than ever due to the fast pace of the technology and consequently the availability of personal data in cyberspace, their ease of transfer, and the convenience of their processing.The EU has been a frontrunner and, as a comprehensive alternative to the EU Data Protection Act, set out the International Document of General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR) in April 2016, which was approved and implemented by the European Parliament on May 25, 2018. This article aims to demonstrate the scope of personal data and its protection in the General Data Protection Regulations as an international document and Iran's legal system. It further recommends some improvements in cyberspace infrastructures and regulations and the necessity of better designating regulatory bodies to protect individual privacy better

The invention of IoT tools, despite its many applications in industry and commerce, has also posed challenges to the legal system.One of the most important challenges is maintaining the security of private data processing.The main question of the present study is what legal frameworks are in place to protect the private information of individuals in the processing of private data by transnational corporations in Iranian and EU law, and what legal and executive policies should be pursued in the face of existing gaps? To take?The most important legal frameworks available are licensing of Internet of Things controllers and processors for this information, determining the limits and quality of performance of these institutions in the face of private information, monitoring the performance of these institutions and implementing mechanisms for concluding processing contracts in decentralized platforms. However, in this regard, Iranian law requires the adoption of effective laws on the mechanism of private data processing, the allocation of licenses for digital signatures, accreditation and the mechanism of exchange of virtual currencies, and the provision of competent regulatory authorities.

Criminal protection of personal data faces challenges; the subject of a crime is limited to "sensitive personal data". The E-commerce law is a special law and approved in 2003, and the Islamic Penal Code is a general law approved in 2013. In January 2012, a draft law on data protection and privacy in cyberspace was issued that, if they become law, the validity of the rules of the E-C law and the relationship of these regulations will be a new challenge. If the bill is lawful, what law would be governing in the cases of a void or a legal conflict? Equivalent to the hypothesis, the principle of the "general uncertainty of a particular universe is not primitive" is not applicable here, and in cases of void or legal conflict, in the domain of cyberspace, which would be a prominent feature of being present, the lawyer's new request must be applied.

Electronic commerce has affected all aspects of life; it results from technological development and is still in progress. This development has some consequences and results for people. Breach of personal data and privacy is one of them. Cyberspace has targeted all aspects of personal data such as genetic, identity, physiological, behavioral, and religious beliefs information to achieve their political, economic, and social goals. This article aims to assess the legal protection of privacy in accordance with GDPR and Iranian laws. That is, whether these rules can prevent the violation of privacy on the Web, or whether in the digital age, it is the end of privacy and personal data protection. It is a significant issue that requires careful analysis and evaluation. In this paper, by examining the concept of privacy in EU regulations and the Iranian legal system, it is analyzed that laws need to be more up-to-date than developments in the digital age. The concept of privacy and personal data must be specifically introduced and protected within the law. To be placed. However, none of the domestic legal systems examined laws have a comprehensive and coherent definition of personal data, and this gap should be addressed in Iranian law. Finally, a broad definition of personal data is provided.

This paper sheds light on one of the most important challenges posed by internet and web 2.0 to the privacy and data protection right. The fact that the internet records everything and forgets nothing, is inconsistent with the fragility of human memory. For this reason, a debate about the need to regulate the ‘right to be forgotten’ that builds on the rights of the personality, consisting several elements such as the right to privacy, data protection, and dignity has emerged in Europe.
This right which finds its rationale in the protection of privacy gives individuals the possibility to remove information about them from the Internet. Moreover, the right to be forgotten could become incompatible with other traditionally protected rights such as freedom of expression and access to information.
This paper explains the history of the recognition of the right to be forgotten which has been defined basically by Data Protection Agencies and studies a new European framework for data protection.

This article first reviews the importance and the positive impact of the internet in our environment, and refers to the threats to users’ personal data, especially those very difficult to delete. The article then examines the possibility of removing personal data from the internet known as the right to be forgotten, and studies the European standards as to data protection and the right to informational self determination. The article finally analyses the theoretical as well as practical challenges between the right to be forgotten and freedom of expression, and, as a conclusion, provides certain suggestions in order to resolve the conflict between the two.