جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « واقعیت مجازی » در نشریات گروه « فقه و حقوق »

Artificial intelligence (AL) is advancing without any predictions in technological development and scope. Meanwhile, some legal issues related to the avatar of a real person in Metaverse are discussed here. Considering, the emergence of the metaverse is developing, and all are members Gravatar, therefore, the inclusion of rights and duties in the relationship between them is undeniable, which includes the rights related to Gravatar in the regulation of relationships between them. The first part of the article deals with what rights and duties the metaverse and avatars face in artificial intelligence and basically why the rights of such avatars should be protected. In addition, the integration techniques for giving legal personality to avatars in the metaverse and some damages Such as committing crimes of theft, forgery and abuse of rights in the meantime are criticized. In addition, with an analytical and descriptive approach, imposing responsibility and liabilities on a real person by applying the rule of piercing veil" in the form of corporate law regarding avatars in terms of identifying the real natural person behind the avatar and through the criminalization of predictable actions and activities as the final result in applying the company's rights and the punishment applicable to the legal personality has been reviewed.

The increasing growth of new technologies provides this possibility for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to enter into wider areas of the airspace of countries. They operate in various social and economic fields, commercial, agricultural, environmental, military, security, etc. Therefore, UAV activities include both civilian and military aspects. What is considered this article is to pay attention to the legal aspects of civil UAV aviation. Specifically, whether the regulation of UAVs is within the national jurisdiction of the countries, or whether the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) can regulate their activities within its jurisdiction. Since the different performance characteristics of UAVs from other aircraft and the inevitable possibility of integrating remote control UAVs operations in unsegregated airspace and airports in a short period, the need to regulate them are in urgent. Article 8 of the Chicago Convention (1944) pays attention to pilotless aircraft, however, the situation of UAVs in this convention is vague. Therefore, due to some ambiguities and shortcomings as well as the functional characteristics of UAVs, it is necessary to enquire whether the flight of UAVs should be under the jurisdiction of the domestic system of States or that ICAO can take steps to coordinate and regularize issues related to UAVs which is the main core of this article.

Metaverse, as an emerging technology and the next generation of the internet which enjoys noticeable special and quite new features including its unlimited and simultaneous communication possibility in virtual reality, promises undeniable positive effects on the human lifestyle in the fields of medicine, economics, and education. It also brings with itself some negative outcomes including new types of crimes, impersonation and privacy breach risks. Therefore, management of lifestyle in such a new environment is necessary from technical and content point of view. In this regard, defining interactive protocols and standards and explaining the legal aspects of such a space and the contents produced therein as well as strengthening of governance in this areas seem to be among the most important challenges and tasks that the policymakers and legislators encounter. Considering such points, ensuring cyber security and privacy, identifying possible risks in the metaverse, strengthening governance with a balance of security and freedom in the metaverse, and informing and educating people through the media will be necessary for users in using the metaverse appropriately

With the development of technology, active companies are able to produce new tools that can simulate human movements in cyberspace. The use of these tools, known as "virtual reality," has many challenges in various legal areas, including intellectual property rights. Challenges to the requirement or non-requirement of the manufacturer of these tools to present their manufacturing technology to the service company and derivative issues raised, issues of over copyright, trademark rights, and copyrights, challenges associated with the compensation mechanism in Violations of intellectual property rights of related software tools, related to the theft of personal information or user biometric properties, and the impact on users' psychological and psychological state of these tools are among the issues raised in this area. Solving existing challenges requires legal policies to regulate the use of these tools, solve legal challenges, and review the mechanisms for protecting personal information and biometrics of users of these tools.