جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « delinquency » در نشریات گروه « فقه و حقوق »

With the advent of new technologies, criminal phenomenon has been widespread and complicated. Today, the creation of virtual world which is a product of worldwide internet, has led to widening and transformation of social and cultural environment. New circumstances require new vision and perspective and if the science of criminology wants to deal correctly with the new circumstances, it has to take new approaches. The new state of affairs has important and different consequences for juveniles and teenagers who are psychologically and emotionally vulnerable .This article using descriptive-analytical method, tries to study the conditions in which values may fall and criminal behaviors may become normal in virtual world. The consequences of the absence of regulation, the appearance of conflicting virtual subcultures which may lead to cultural gaps, conflicts, induction of poverty and competitions in virtual world and finally special capabilities of the internet environment and its effects on juvenile and teenagers are among other topics that are discussed in this article.The purpose of this study is examining and explaining the virtual networks as a role model for juvenile and teenagers who do illegal and dishonest behaviours as well as giving appropriate methods to counter these behaviours.Our results show that the most important method for countering the negative effects of virtual world is social prevention, especially in the form of a society-oriented approach

The phenomenon of juvenile delinquency is one of the most important challenges in societies that imposes destructive effects on the family and society. On the other hand, the media play a very effective role in reducing or increasing crime in society. The purpose of this study is to explain the impact of mass media on juvenile delinquent behaviors.

This research was done using the descriptive-analytical method in the way of library study.

The findings indicate that the mass media can not be considered as a direct cause of crime. But it can be said that these media outlets bring out the potential of children's criminal talents. Meanwhile, video and virtual media are effective in juvenile delinquency through the display of violence and unhealthy and perverted communication.

The results show that the impact of each mass media in reducing or increasing juvenile delinquency is variable. Before the creation and entry of satellites and cyberspace into the lives of citizens, television had a great impact on reducing and increasing juvenile delinquency. Of course, in Iran, due to the government's control and control over the content of television programs, this media has taken more steps to reduce juvenile delinquency. In contrast, media such as satellite and networks related to virtual space, due to the lack of a regular legislative framework and lack of adequate control and monitoring of their content has had a great impact on the growth of juvenile delinquency.

One of the key individual and social actions is the necessary condition for the growth and development of human society and achieving an ideal society.The purpose of this study was to and achieve scientific and practical solutions to prevent delinquency or at least reduce it.In this research, descriptive-survey method has been used. To achieve more objective results, the necessary information has been collected through questionnaires, interviews and library resources and has been analyzed using statistical methods. The field research was conducted by referring directly to the Central Prison and Correctional Center of Urmia city through interviews and questionnaires and by examining the personal and social records of offenders, the most important delinquency factors were identified and strategies for crime prevention were presented.The statistical population in this study includes criminals located in the correctional center of Urmia city who have been selected as a sample in this study. The total number of subjects studied in this study was fifty. These fifty people were selected from male and female offenders (sample size)The sampling method in this non-probability research is purposeful. In this project, the researcher has had the effective cooperation of the Prisons Organization and the security and educational measures of West Azerbaijan Province and the General Justice of West Azerbaijan Province and has had access to official internal statistics.The results showed that the most important delinquency factors in Urmia city during the research period are environmental factors such as family, school and friends.

Immigrants' delinquency and the framework of theoretical debates related to it have always been the subject of discussion in various sciences, including law based on the fundamental principles of human rights, international law, and specific components of domestic law. In this article, with a descriptive and analytical view, the approach of criminal response policies towards the crimes of immigrants has been explored with reference to the existing laws, and in the discourse of criminal policy in the field of criminal policy, it is concluded that Iran's criminal laws regarding immigrants have a criminal-oriented and security-oriented approach. While a deep knowledge and understanding of the various aspects of the phenomenon of immigration in the field of criminalization requires the establishment of strategic laws and the determination of pathologically appropriate policies and executive policies with differential policies with regard to the personality component of criminals, the analysis of the situation of immigrants and the attitude towards its social interactions and the consequences of committing a crime while maintaining security It is the territory and protection of the boundaries of the country, which is achieved by developing comprehensive and comprehensive laws in line with human rights attitudes with appropriate responses in coordination with related organizations and institutions in dealing with the delinquency of immigrants.

Field and Aims:

Delinquency is an unhealthy situation in social life and widely disrupts the equations of a normal social life. Delinquency happens at different times and it is much more sensitive in childhood than other times. And if delinquency occurs in childhood, its effects and consequences will affect adult life, and the contribution of delinquency in adulthood will vary based on control in childhood. Because the experiences of adolescents in the world are changing with major social changes that affect their preparation for adulthood. Accordingly, this research has been conducted with the aim of criminological analysis of adult delinquency with an emphasis on childhood victimization.

The present research was carried out with a descriptive analytical method.

In this study, the causes of delinquency have been analyzed based on the presence of delinquency in childhood and its relationship in adulthood with causal explanations. The findings are in two general categories. Some have played an accelerating or predisposing role and some have played a controlling or inhibiting role. In both cases, prevention and control of conditions for delinquency have been recommended and ordered by many theorists. The grounds and factors predisposing to delinquency include membership in deviant groups, weakening of family values, poverty and economic issues, and the vulnerability of children of divorce.

The contexts and factors controlling delinquency emphasize two important components of strengthening relationships with family and resocialization and spiritual transformation and delinquency control.

Depression has accompanied people even in the short term in a period of life, and this feeling of depression arises due to unfortunate events or negative feelings, which usually return to normal after a few days. Also, a depressed mood is one of the natural human reactions to life events. Based on this, this research has been conducted with the aim of structural analysis of the role of depression in predicting the tendency of teenagers to commit delinquency among male high school students in Tehran.

Method:

 The method of conducting this research is quantitative and descriptive analysis. In this study, the researchers used the existing theoretical literature while formulating the research hypotheses, indexed the main components of the research and designed the research questionnaire with the help of the theoretical literature. The statistical population of the research includes male students of the first secondary school in Tehran, using Morgan's table, 384 of them were selected in different areas of Tehran by cluster sampling method in several clusters and questionnaire questions were asked from them. The findings were also analyzed with the help of Amos software.

Findings: 

The findings of the research showed that the variable of depression disorder has a positive and significant effect on the variable of self-harm and suicide in its strongest effect with a coefficient of (0.68) and after that the effect of depression on the tendency to use drugs with a coefficient of (0.64) It is in second place. In general, depression has had a positive and significant effect on the variables of nihilism, academic failure, isolation and withdrawal, revenge, and has not had an effect on the variables of sexual deviations and violence and aggression due to the negative and weak coefficients.

The findings of this research, both in the theoretical dimension and existing literature, and in the experimental dimension and field analysis of data, have shown that depression is one of the strongest predictors of delinquency among teenagers, and to control social harms, it should be diagnosed and controlled. It is the most important educational strategy among teenagers.

Combinatory criminal policy based on the conscious and purposeful process of combining variables with maximum use of governmental, public and international capacities to control the criminal Phenomenon , by changing the scope of criminal policy, expands the border of crime from criminal law to administrative, disciplinary, trade union, etc. It is inspired by international and domestic documents, strategies and recommends and adopts a variety of measures. Studies show that the combined criminal policy strategy in the democratic model, with no complete abstraction from libertarianism and with the transformation of criminal law in favor of alternative variables, forms a positive and empowering synergy against crime.  But, in The totalitarianism model of negative and empowering convergence, along with the inflation of criminal law in order to maintain political order, will be accompanied by a maximum advance in the legitimate rights and freedoms of citizens. 

The Combinatory criminal policy is a new strategy in the field of criminal policy that involves maximum use of the capacity of the interface institutions and the complimentary of the penal justice system in response To  normalize, other than the judiciary on the one hand and the provision of the capacity of the executive, parliament, civil society, media, associations, and citizens to create consensus on the other. With all its influence, the approach of the Combinatory  strategy in democratic models and  totalitarian criminal policy is presented.

This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and relying on democratic and totalitarian models of criminal Policy  and studying the laws and regulations of legal systems in the form of documents and libraries. 

In a democratic model, social capital is the ability to expand collective action and merge variables and use the capabilities of triple forces in the development of citizen maneuver space, diversion with the development of civil society in favor of civil society, reduction Of  enterprise and the use of community participation in optimal management of the country. In fact, the state function of the combinatory criminal Policy has led to the combination of social, economic, cultural, and etc that the existence of multiple variables generating crime leads to the combination of different variables in the  normalize andrespondology criminal policy of the criminals, judicial and administrative policy.In contrast, the combinatory strategy in a totalitarian criminal policy model is consistent with the superiority of executive branch institutions in policing and security networks, which can be legitimacy to eliminate or expel criminal,  incapacitation, corporal punishment development, and maximum suppression conditions. The possible formation of civil society and non - formal and secondary organizations is a means of bringing the subjection of political, social, economic, economic to citizens, which, on the basis, is defined by the government. so the crystallization of a combined strategy in these communities will lead to the benefit from the prevention of public crime, even to the privacy of citizens ' private morals, and the development of the range of criminal law through the open criminalization   and the strengthening of state networks of criminal policy. 

Combinatory criminal policy in the democratic model, with no complete abstraction from libertarianism and with the transformation of criminal law in favor of alternative variables, forms a positive and empowering synergy against crime, but in The totalitarianism model of negative and empowering convergence, along with the inflation of criminal law in order to maintain political order, will be accompanied by a maximum advance in the legitimate rights and freedoms of citizens. 

Crime and delinquency are considered important in society because the criminal spends his energy on committing crime and delinquency instead of education, employment and other things that are effective for the society. This issue has occupied the public opinion. And in all societies, there is an effort to prevent people from committing crimes by knowing the factors. Also, crime is a natural phenomenon in society and society's responses to crime are studied in criminology and criminology. One of the reasons for a person's delinquency and his subsequent sentencing to prison is the deficiencies in his socialization process in the family. Therefore, the purpose of sentencing the accused to prison is not because of the suffering and torment on him, but to ensure the peace and security of the society. Also, prison causes a person to stay away from family and society, and in addition, they often look at him as a criminal, which sometimes causes the collapse of the family unit. As we can see, today the punishment of prison, which was once one of the honors of mankind, has turned into a breeding ground for delinquency and its correctional and rehabilitation function has failed. For this reason, it has been criticized by lawyers and criminal systems. In this research, we have tried to investigate the criminology of prisoners' delinquency, and the research method used in this research is using the library method and data collection.

Throughout history, women have endured many forms of male oppression. The historical oppression of women led to the emergence of a great movement called feminism in support of women's rights from the eighteenth century onwards, which promoted equal rights for men and women. Islam, on the other hand, considers legal equality between men and women to be unjust, despite very physical and psychological differences. Gender justice in the field of criminal law means that the conditions of the offender, the victim, the crime and its effects are examined for each class and case and the appropriate punishment for the conditions of the offender is considered. Based on verses and hadiths, it seems that in order to achieve gender justice, the holy shari'a has considered three important characteristics of women, namely centrality in the family, the need to observe hijab and physical and mental gentleness in determining the type and method of punishment That has brought a system of massive discounts for women in criminal law. Naturally, it is conceivable to observe the interests of the offender and his family in the punishment of individual crimes, because considering social interests takes precedence over individual and family interests. In this article, after explaining and separating individual and social crimes, by considering and systematizing the fatwas of jurists based on the prescribed interests, the Islamic protection system for delinquent women in the field of individual crimes has been examined in the form of a jurisprudential rule. The establishment of this rule can be effective in cases of silence of the legislature, especially penalties and due process.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the care center after the release of prisoners in preventing recurrence of crime and also the challenges that the establishment of these centers in the country faces. The main question of the present study is whether the post-discharge care center, as established in Iran, is effective in preventing clients from returning to prison? Now, in this research, from a descriptive and analytical point of view, the functions, philosophy of existence and the main duties of the care department after leaving the prisons organization and the security measures of the country were examined. The results of the study showed that the indicators of satisfaction with the loan amount, easy receipt of the loan, satisfaction with the facilities after leaving, satisfaction with the supervision and control of the care department, cordial relations with employees after release, helpers' relations before release, grounding and communication Clients and assistants, recognizing the demands and expectations of clients, having a healthy social life and satisfaction with the social status of the client's job are effective in preventing clients from returning to prison. Overall, based on the results of the present study, it is clear that the actions and activities of the post-discharge care unit during the last two decades have significant effects on the rehabilitation and training of prisoners throughout the country and their return to society and It has a healthy life, but due to the high number of prisoners and also the social and economic crises in the society, it seems that this office needs more attention and support from the authorities and allocation of funds to improve and develop measures and increase its performance.

Childhood and adolescence is an influential and sensitive stages in every person’s life. Legislators, understanding this sensitivity and try to consider different rights and duties for juvenile according to the differences between this group and adults. In the Islamic Penal Code, this issue has been considered by the legislators and a differential system has been provided to respond to the crimes of juvenile. According to this, in Article 91 of the Islamic Penal Code, Legislator predicted specific rule deals with Criminal maturity, ignorance of the law and mistake of fact in juvenile crimes punishable by haad or qisas. However the legislator in general section of Islamic penal code, Articles 144 and 155 discusses about ignorance of law and mistake of fact in adult crimes. At first glance, mentioning these cases again in Article 91 seems superfluous and meaningless. But, according to the policy of differentiation and based on legislative mitigation in response to juvenile delinquency, it seems that Article 91, try to extend the concept of ignorance of law and mistake of fact, in juvenile crimes punishable by haad or qisas to provide more commutation for juvenile offenders in compared with adults..

crimes are endangering the security of the society and disrupting the mental health of the society and create psychological and social complications in their victims.various biological, psychological,social and economic factors are involved in committing crimes. this research has been carried out to investigate the factors of robbery in the current society of islamic republic of iran with case study of perpetrators of theft in prisons.the present study is in terms of purpose, in terms of practical research, in terms of method, descriptive and type. The survey consisted of 60 young offenders convicted of robbery in Evin prison, Rajaei Shahr and palace prison. data collection tool is a questionnaire and is directly observed in the research environment.the highest crimes committed by prisoners of the ages of 26-32 to drug crimes.Half of the robbers had not agreed to each other in marriage, 33% of them were in divorce.60% of the respondents said they had contact with the criminal in their localities.72% of the robbers have committed robberies as soon as they are released from jail. statistical comparison of the findings in most cases was significant in the test of variance analysis at one percent level.prevalence of family , illiteracy of parents, drug addiction, escape from school and other personality characteristics such as anti-social and pale religious beliefs have a close relationship with crime theft. sociological approach and taking advantage of preventive methods in social-religious approach to the formation of crimes and social deviations, can prevent many crimes such as theft in society.

Juvenile delinquency due to the special personality of this age group, has always been considered as one of the most important forms of delinquency by lawyers and agents of the criminal justice system. Paying attention to the special characteristics of these individuals in the process of responding to their criminal acts in the field of criminal policy is a factor that necessitates the need for a differential treatment of delinquent adults. In this regard, in order to support this group more effectively, the criminal system tries to match the criminal results with the personality of these criminals and choose the right response, which requires the application of a differential criminal policy, both in terms of substantive criminal law and Criminal law is formal.

This research is applied in terms of purpose which has utilized a descriptive-analytical method and its data has been collected by documentary and library study via taking notes from books, dissertations and related articles.

The compilers of the Islamic Penal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code adopted in 2013, by recognizing these differences, have tried to take the right step in dealing correctly with juvenile delinquents.

Developments in these laws in order to comply with international rules and principles for the protection of the rights of juvenile delinquents, the provision of educational measures along with punitive measures and the recognition of extrajudicial institutions in conjunction with judicial institutions, the establishment of special police and special juvenile courts and adolescents as the most important issues considered in the development of these laws.

Social crimes are increasing day by day. Among these, paying attention to the crimes of children and adolescents, which is referred to as delinquency, is one of the issues considered by social researchers because juvenile crimes play a very important role in adult delinquency. They play and this, while causing harm to society, deprives people of society-approved job opportunities and causes irreparable damage to their lives. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and present a model of factors affecting delinquency in children and adolescents.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and utilized a qualitative approach. The statistical population of the present study is valid scientific journals published during the years 1387-1398. The research sample is 24 research articles that were used after ranking the articles. After extracting the factors affecting delinquency from among 24 selected studies, 38 factors were identified and after approval by experts, were classified into seven main categories.

The model of factors affecting delinquency was identified and presented in the form of seven factors: family problems, problems of the education system, problems of the judicial system, unorganized leisure activities, social issues, cultural issues and living conditions.

Childhood is undoubtedly the most important period of human life, the personality of each person has been formed in this period and how to spend this period has pressed the role of human acceptance in other periods of life. The United Nations has also stated that crime prevention guidelines should focus on childhood. The education system of each country has an irreplaceable and decisive role in educating the next generation and preventing the tendency of children and adolescents to delinquency. The purpose of this study is to investigate why, how and the effect of delinquency and child victimization in the education system with a preventive approach.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and has been conducted in a descriptive-analytical method using new scientific sources and secondary analysis of theoretical and predictive research.

based on the research findings, school functions increased in three aspects of growth, socialization and counting control, as well as school construction and performance functions and its effect on usability.

The research showed that there was a special and close relationship between school factors (both structurally and functionally) with the process of delinquency of children and adolescents. Although this relationship is not really a cause and effect, but in general there is a high correlation between them.

The concept of restorative justice in criminal science, reflects the evolution of the concept of delinquent, delinquent, victim and seeks to promote the status of victim, delinquent and members of the local community in criminal proceedings, repair of broken relationships due to crime, compensation for crime and Respect for the human dignity of individuals. In the meantime, it is very important to pay attention to vulnerable children and adolescents and to examine the role of the police as the custodian of public safety. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the restorative functions of the police in the prevention of victimization and delinquency of children and adolescents.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and survey type. The statistical population of the study was the staff of the Judicial Services Department, Counseling and Assistance Unit, Police Patrol Units and Police Emergency 110 in the eleven police stations of the Second Police Station of Greater Tehran Disciplinary Command, of which, according to the Cochran relation, 165 people were chosen. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was obtained by obtaining opinions from social, legal, criminological and disciplinary thinkers and its reliability was calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.83. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and statistical tests.

The findings show that the operation of counseling and assistance units, police patrols, 110 police emergencies and judicial services, respectively, have been more effective in preventing child and juvenile delinquency and delinquency. The results of the study indicate the effective role of restorative functions of police patrols and 110 emergencies in the prevention of victimization and delinquency of children and adolescents. The effectiveness of the restorative functions of the counseling and assistance unit as well as the police judiciary in preventing child and juvenile delinquency and delinquency was also demonstrated.

The widespread disease of COVID-19 is rapidly changing social relations and economic prospects around the world. This disease has exposed the toxic effects of the neoliberal system, which has dominated all aspects of our societies.Now is the time to ask what kind of political-economic system can prevent the recurrence of harmful results? Certainly, the right policy in these critical situations can reduce the scope of the pervasive harms of this disease to some extent, including poverty, unemployment and, consequently, crimes in the near and distant future.Studies show that the neoliberal system influences a variety of crimes in a variety of ways, including the economic pressures of poverty and unemployment on different sections of society. However, welfare models are more effective in preventing the crime of citizens by providing and ensuring the security of citizens' lives. As the prevalence of the COVID-19 virus increases social harm, governments need to change their economic policy toward welfare to adopt a supportive approach to controlling social consequences.

Considering the increasing rate of juvenile delinquency in today's societies, recognizing the causes and factors of their delinquency and preventing it is one of the most important policy priorities of countries. To find out the causes of their delinquency, theorists have speculated and put forward various reasons, the most important of which is childhood victimization. Depending on the extent of the damage to the physical, mental, and emotional health levels of children and adolescents, victimization can lead them directly to commit a crime or indirectly cause their delinquency through the destructive psychological and physical effects it leaves behind.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and to prove the research claim, a review was conducted by reviewing the theoretical foundations and using a descriptive-analytical method. Also, 74 children and adolescents of Tehran Correctional Center were interviewed in the year and a standard questionnaire was distributed to assess the level of victimization, self-esteem and anger management skills. Data obtained using Spss software.

After proving the correlation between victimization and juvenile delinquency, measures were taken to prevent the initial and recurrent victimization of this group and prevent the aggravation of injuries and the effects of victimization on them. Also, solutions have been proposed that can prevent their delinquency in the future. Finally, considering that providing a solution without knowing the way to reach it and the institutions in charge of its implementation, has no practical and practical application. Institutions that can play a key role in implementing preventive approaches were introduced

Criminality is a natural phenomenon in society and one of the approaches available to it is the crime risk management approach. In this approach by utilizing the gains of forensic justice and the use of criminal statistics, the risk levels of each of the crime categories are assessed and the high-risk offenders with the most severe responses and the low-risk offenders with the softest responses are encountered. There are clear examples of this approach in the approaches of the Iranian criminal justice system. Ranking and determining punishable sanctions, prohibiting the imposition of penal sanctions on certain crimes, and imposing a punitive punishment for failure to execute retribution are examples of the Iranian penal system's approach to crime risk management. In addition, criminal justice appointments, special criminal proceedings, and so on are the most important frameworks for implementing the criminal risk management approach of the Iranian criminal justice system. From these examples, it can be concluded that the criminal risk management approach is openly accepted by the Iranian criminal justice system

Children and adolescents are the spiritual assets of any society; That the health of their soul and body will guarantee the health of society in the future. Therefore, their issues, including the delinquency of this group, require special and separate measures. Following this necessity, in the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the impact of the Prosecutor's Office and the Special Court for Children and Adolescents on the prevention of crimes in this group.
The structure, manner, and mode of action of juvenile delinquency actors from the stage of arrest to the post-execution stage can reinforce, according to their orientations, norm-setting and sociability, or, conversely, the norm-abstinence or sociability of those who experience it, and ultimately Provided the ground for the recurrence of the crime. In the present article, the main lines of juvenile delinquency prevention with the guarantees of juvenile justice institutions have been examined.
In this regard, when arresting a child or adolescent in the police department and then in the preliminary investigation stage, if the behavior of the activists of these institutions with the child or adolescent delinquent is not dignified, it can have many effects for him and society. Using measures such as de-judicialization, observance of defense rights and appropriateness in issuing criminal warrants based on the personality file at this stage can prevent the continuation of the criminal process; In the court stage, by considering the criteria of a fair trial, using a counselor and social worker, using alternatives to imprisonment, such as postponing the issuance of a sentence and suspending the execution of a sentence, it is possible to prevent sending a child or juvenile to a correctional facility. By applying all these measures, if it is sent to the correctional center as a last resort for a child or adolescent, the correctional programs of this institution can help a lot in re-socializing him and ultimately prevent the recurrence of the crime of these people. Measures will emerge in the Islamic Republic of Iran, relying on professionalism, attracting public participation, and emphasizing the need to prevent crime, especially juvenile delinquency.