جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « عدم تحمل بلاتکلیفی » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

Entrepreneurship is considered to be one of the most important factors affecting the creation of job opportunities and economic growth. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy, which means believing in one's ability to do innovative work and the effectiveness of skills in order to start a business, is one of the most important effective dimensions in entrepreneurial behavior. Considering the importance of this matter, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and entrepreneurial self-efficacy with the mediating role of emotional creativity.

The research method was a descriptive correlational type. The statistical population of the research was formed by the students of Mashhad Conservatories in the academic year 2021-2022, of whom 300 people were selected as research sample using the convenience sampling method. In order to collect data, the entrepreneurial self-efficacy questionnaire of De Nobel et al (1999) Indecision Intolerance Scale, Freeston et al (1994), and Averill and Thomas Knowles’s (1991) emotional creativity questionnaire were used.

The data analysis results showed a negative and significant relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and entrepreneurial self-efficacy, a negative and significant relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and emotional creativity, and a positive and significant relationship between emotional creativity and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Also, emotional creativity was able to significantly mediate the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. In fact, intolerance of uncertainty does not have a direct effect on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and only has an indirect effect on it.

In fact, the findings indicated that uncertainty intolerance does not have a direct effect on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and only has an indirect effect on it; in such a way that intolerance of uncertainty leads to an increase in entrepreneurial self-efficacy by affecting emotional creativity. In other words, people with higher emotional creativity have more self-efficacy beliefs, and this makes a person react more effectively to the challenges that may be faced especially in the early stages of business development.

Neuroticism is considered one of the important characteristics in the field of psychology for predicting people's behavior, which is based on negative and undesirable experiences and emotions. Much research on the available prediction models based on Attachment styles and psychological well-being has been done, but the mediating role of uncertainty intolerance in this process has not been investigated.

The purpose of the current research was to predict neuroticism traits based on various attachment styles and psychological well-being with the mediation of uncertainty intolerance in college students.

The descriptive-correlation research method of structural equation modeling and the statistical population of the present study includes all students of Islamic Azad University, North Tehran branch. According to Morgan's table, the sample size was 398 people who were selected from among all students in April and May of 2023 as a multi-stage random sampling. The data collection tools in this research include four questionnaires of adult attachment styles, Hazan and Shaver (1987), Riff's psychological well-being short form (1989), NEO-FFI short form by Costa and McCree (1994), and Freestone's uncertainty intolerance scale. Research hypotheses were investigated using structural equation modeling and with the help of PLS software.

The results showed that there is a negative and significant correlation between the variable of psychological well-being and secure attachment style with the variable of neuroticism, and there is a positive and significant correlation between the variable of ambivalent attachment style and the variable of neuroticism (P<0.01). The path indicates the significance of the indirect effect of avoidant and ambivalent attachment style through the variable intolerance of uncertainty on neuroticism (P<0.01) and according to the variance inclusion index of the variables of intolerance of uncertainty as mediating variables in the relationship between styles Avoidant and ambivalent attachment were confirmed with psychopathy (VAF>0.20).

The findings obtained provide numerous practical applications in the fields of student counseling, educational planning, and personality development. Universities and higher education institutions can design intervention programs to strengthen psychological well-being and encourage secure attachment styles among students, both of which contribute to the reduction of neuroticism

The purpose of the current study was to study the relationship between trait anxiety intolerance of uncertainty with depression syndromes in college students with moderating role of mindfulness. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on path analysis. Samples of this study were whole Mohageg Ardabili university students in 2021 -2022 semester (n=12000). Which 249 of them that had rating of 14 and higher in Beck Depression Inventory were selected by available sampling method as samples. the questionnaires including Beck Depression Inventory (1966), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (1970), Fristons Intolerance of uncertainty Scale (1994) and Rayan and Browns Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (2003) were completed buy were completed by participants. And those with ratings of 14 and above in BDI were selected as final sample (249 students)with depression symptoms. For analyzing data we used Pearson correlation test and path analysis in SPSSV19 and lisrelV15 software. Results showed that the model has a good fit (RMSEA=0.032، CFI=0.985) and there is a positive and significant correlation between trait anxiety (p<0/05, β= 0/421) and intolerance of uncertainty (p<0/05, β= 0/271) with depression symptoms. Furthermore trait anxiety (p<0/01, β= 0/077) and intolerance of uncertainty (p<0/01, β= 0/088) had a positive and significant indirect effect on depression symptoms through mindfulness. Results indicate that with confirming study's hypotheses trait anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty have a both direct and indirect effect on depression symptoms and play a dynamic role in depression symptoms.

The aim of this study was to compare Intolerance of uncertainty, Cyberchondria and Health anxiety in obsessive-compulsive disorder, general anxiety disorder, depressive disorder and normal people. The method of the present study was causal-comparative. For this purpose, a sample was selected from 50 eligible patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and 50 patients with general anxiety disorder and 50 patients depressive disorder to 505 Army Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran and 50 hospital staff (normal group). Were selected by available sampling method Research instruments include the The IUS-12(intolerance of uncertainty The Short version)CSS-12 (Cyberchondria Severity Scale) and the health anxiety Inventory . Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multivariate analysis of variance)were used to measure and to analyze the findings. Findings showed that there is a significant difference between the Intolerance of uncertainty, Cyberchondria and Health anxiety in the four groups. The mean score of people with general anxiety disorder in all components of Intolerance of uncertainty is higher than other groupe. Also All components of Cyberchondria, Health anxiety in the group of obsessive-compulsive groupe is higher than other groupe.Conclusion The results indicate the importance and necessity of paying attention to the Intolerance of uncertainty, Cyberchondria and Health anxiety in obsessive-compulsive disorder, general anxiety disorder, depressive disorder.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of anger rumination in the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and intolerance of uncertainty with perceived pain intensity in patients with chronic pain. The method of descriptive-correlation research was structural equation modeling. The statistical population was the patients with chronic pain referred to Hazrat Abolfazl Hospital (AS) in Tehran in 2022, who were diagnosed with chronic pain by doctors or pain specialist fellowship, and among them, 400 people were selected as a sample. The research tools include perceived pain intensity (PNMS, van Korff, 1990), metacognitive beliefs (QMB, Wells and Cartwright-Houghton, 2004), uncertainty intolerance (UIQ, Friston et al., 1994), and anger rumination. (ARQ, Sakhodolski et al., 2001). The data were analyzed by structural equation analysis. The findings showed a good fit of the data with the proposed research model. Metacognitive beliefs, uncertainty intolerance, and anger rumination had a direct and significant effect on perceived pain intensity (P<0.01). Also, metacognitive beliefs and intolerance of uncertainty with the mediation of anger rumination had an indirect and significant effect on the perceived pain intensity of patients (P<0.01). From these findings, it can be concluded that paying attention to metacognitive beliefs and intolerance of uncertainty increases the rumination of anger and increases the intensity of perceived pain in patients.

This study aimed to predict academic procrastination based on academic resilience, intolerance of uncertainty, and positive and negative perfectionism with the mediating role of experiential avoidance. The method of this research is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of all male and female students of Payame Noor University of Isfahan who were studying in the first semester of 2019-2020. The sample group consisted of 200 people who were selected by purposive sampling. Subjects completed Solomon and Ruth Bloom's Academic Procrastination Scale (1984), Samoels Academic Resiliency Questionnaire (2004), Freeston et al Uncertainty Intolerance Questionnaire (1994), Try-short et al perfectionism scale, and Bond Experience Avoidance Questionnaire (2007). In order to analyze the data, SPSS-22, and AMOS-20 software’s and to confirm the research model, structural equation modeling was used. The results showed that resilience and positive perfectionism had a significant and inverse relationship with academic procrastination and intolerance of uncertainty, experiential avoidance and negative perfectionism had a significant and positive relationship with academic procrastination (P<0.01). The mediating role of experiential avoidance on the relationship between uncertainty intolerance and positive and negative perfectionism with academic procrastination was also confirmed. Therefore, in order to reduce students' academic procrastination and prevent its impact on academic performance, it is suggested to promote academic resilience, positive perfectionism and reduce uncertainty intolerance, negative perfectionism, and avoid the experience.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the important neurodevelopmental disorders that always has a high comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders. One of the ways to investigate this comorbidity is to identify the underlying mechanisms involved in this association. The aim of the present study was to explore the mediating role of emotion regulation and intolerance of uncertainty in the development of externalizing disorders in children with ASD. The current research was a correlational study using structural equation modeling (pathway analysis). The statistical population included all children and adolescents with ASD in the age range of 8 to 18 years from autism schools and the autism society in Tehran, Tabriz, and Mianeh province. Using a convenience sampling method, a sample of 117 children was selected and the data were collected online from parents. Pearson correlation coefficient and pathway analysis were used for the statistical analysis of data by SPSS and AMOS software. The results of the present study showed that the symptoms of autism directly and significantly explain the symptoms of externalizing spectrum disorders. Also, emotion dysregulation and intolerance of uncertainty as mediating factors explain the severity of externalizing spectrum disorders impairments in children with autism disorder. According to these findings, it can be concluded that emotion dysregulation and intolerance of uncertainty as pathological transdiagnostic factors play an important mediating role in the exacerbation of the symptoms of externalizing disorders in children with ASD.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of emotion-oriented couple therapy on positive feelings towards the spouse and intolerance of indecision in infertile couples. This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population included all infertile couples applying for divorce who had been referred to psychological clinics and specialized marriage centers (under the welfare organization) in Tehran to use psychological services in the second half of 2023. The statistical sample included 24 couples who were selected purposefully. Then, 12 couples were randomly replaced in the control group and 12 in the experimental group. The intervention group received emotion-oriented couple therapy during 10 sessions of 90 minutes once a week. The data were collected using Ellery et al.'s Spouse Positive Feeling Scale (PEQ, 1983) and Friston et al.'s Uncertainty Intolerance Questionnaire (IUS, 1994) and analyzed by variance analysis with repeated measurements. The results showed that there is a difference between the pre-test and post-test stages (d=-7.91, p < 0.05), and the follow-up pre-test (p < 0.05, -5.74) = d) is significant. Also, in the uncertainty intolerance variable, the difference between the pre-test and post-test stage (p<0.05, d=-8.01) and pre-test and follow-up (p<0.05, d=-12.4) is meaningful. It is concluded that emotion-oriented couple therapy is effective in positive feelings and intolerance of uncertainty in infertile couples seeking divorce.

 The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of rumination and intolerance of uncertainty in the psychological compatibility of cancer patients in Mashhad, the present study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all people with cancer who visited the hospitals and chemotherapy clinics of Mashhad in the second half of 2021 and the first half of 2022. The research sample included 206 patients who were eligible to enter the study and were selected purposefully. The tools used included the psychological-social compatibility questionnaire by Drugatis (1986), rumination by Hoksema & Maro (1991) and uncertainty intolerance by Friston. (1994). Data analysis was done using the multiple linear regression method with the help of SPSS version 26 software. The results of multiple regression showed that the linear combination of rumination and uncertainty intolerance could not predict the psychological compatibility of cancer patients. Regression coefficients showed that uncertainty intolerance was able to predict the psychological compatibility of cancer patients, but rumination could not predict the level of psychological compatibility to the disease. According to the results of the research, it seems necessary to provide appropriate training to reduce uncertainty intolerance in order to increase adaptation in cancer patients. According to the results of the research, it seems necessary to provide appropriate training to reduce uncertainty intolerance in order to increase adaptation in cancer patients.

The present study was an attempt to compare the effects of acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the intolerance of uncertainty of women affected by infidelity. The present study was conducted using a quasi-experimental method of pre-test-post-test with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all the women affected by the infidelity of their husbands who were referred to the family counseling centers in Karaj from the beginning of October to the middle of December 2022. Among these women, 45 people were selected as a sample and were placed in two experimental groups and one control group. The first and second experimental groups received acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), respectively, during 8 sessions. The tool of the study was the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS) (Friston et al., 1994. The results of the mixed variance analysis showed a significant difference between the groups in the post-test and follow-up stages (P<0/0001). Both interventional methods reduced intolerance of uncertainty and their effectiveness lasted over time. Also, no significant difference was found between the effects of the two ways (P<0/0001). In general, the results of this study showed that both interventional methods were influential in the intolerance of uncertainty of women affected by infidelity.

This research was conducted to develop a structural model of generalized anxiety disorder symptoms based on intolerance of uncertainty with the mediating of negative orientation to the problem, repetitive negative thinking, anxiety sensitivity, and cognitive flexibility.

In this study, 208 students were selected from among all the students of the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz as a sample by random cluster sampling method, to collect data from the short scale of generalized anxiety disorder, scale of intolerance of uncertainty, questionnaire for Negative attitude toward the problem, repetitive thoughts questionnaire, anxiety sensitivity questionnaire, and cognitive flexibility questionnaire were used.The method of the current research was a correlation of the structural equation modeling. Data analysis and model evaluation was done by AMOS and SPSS software.

The results indicated the confirmation of the general model of the relationship between the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and intolerance of uncertainty with the mediation of negative orientation to the problem, repetitive negative thinking, anxiety sensitivity, and cognitive flexibility. Also, the findings of the research, while confirming the direct effect of intolerance of uncertainty on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, negative orientation to the problem, repetitive negative thinking, and anxiety sensitivity, showed that intolerance of uncertainty through the mediation of negative orientation to the problem, repetitive negative thinking, Cognitive flexibility is indirectly related to symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.

The results of this research indicated that these relationships can predict the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder in the form of a model. Therefore, using interventions to improve these characteristics can be effective in reducing the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of latent communication aggression in the relationship between intolerance of indecision and extramarital relationships.

This is a descriptive study of correlational research. The statistical population of the study consisted of couples who referred to counseling centers in Alborz province in 1398 for marital counseling. The research sample was selected by available sampling. The required sample size in this study was 260 people based on Cochran's method and 254 samples (including 127 males and 127 females) were selected taking into account the sample loss. Research instruments included the Whitley (2008) Attitudes Toward Extramarital Relationships Scale, the Freeston et al. (1994) Uncertainty Intolerance Scale (1994), and the Nelson & Carroll (2006) Hidden Communication Aggression Scale. In this research, path analysis method was used to analyze the data by observing the relevant assumptions.

The results of data analysis showed that the model fit indices were in good condition. Intolerance of uncertainty directly and indirectly (considering the mediating role of latent communication aggression) affects extramarital relationships (p <0.05). Hidden aggression also directly affects extramarital affairs (p <0.05).

Based on the research findings, it can be said that correcting intolerance of uncertainty and latent aggression as preconditions of extramarital relationships, improves the quality of marital life of couples, and has a significant effect on preventing extramarital affairs.

The effect of COVID-19 pandemic in the world has posed a serious threat to the mental health of people with OCD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional working memory training (EWMT) and neutral working memory training (WMT) on improving cognitive flexibility (CF) and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) in patients with practical obsession. The research design was quasi-experimental and consisted of two experimental groups, a control group, pre-test and post-test. The sample group consisted of 42 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder referred to Heiman and Fooladi clinics in Mashhad in 1400 who were selected by convenience sampling method and then randomly divided into three groups of 14 people. CF Questionnaire and IU Questionnaire were administered as a pretest. Then EWMT for the first group and WMT for the second group were performed for 20 sessions each and the control group did not receive any intervention. After that, the post-test was performed. The results of MANCOVA indicate a significant effectiveness of EWMT and WMT on the variables of CF and IU in people with OCD (P <0.01). Also, EWMT was significantly more effective in improving IU than WMT (P <0.01) and the effectiveness of these two interventions was the same on the CF variable. According to the findings, it can be concluded that emotional processing of working memory has a decisive role in the IU and it seems that neutral processing of working memory forms the basis of cognitive function of CF.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that can be stimulated and intensified by psychological factors such as anxiety and negative imotions and affects the quality of life of these patients. But can help the behavioral cognitive and acceptance and commitment interventions on improve the qulailty of life and emotional schemas in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with generalized anxiety disorder?

The aim of study was the efficacy of behavioral cognitive and acceptance and commitment interventions on qulailty of life and emotional schemas in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with generalized anxiety disorder.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design with a control group and follow up for three months. The statistical population included patients with irritable bowel syndrome and generalized anxiety disorder in Tehran. 60 patients were selected through targeted sampling and were assigned randomly into two experimental groups and one control group (n= 20 each). Experimental groups received twelve 90-minute sessions of behavioral cognitive (Dugas & Robichaud, 2007) and acceptance and commitment (Eifert & Forsyth, 1396) interventions, and the control group received no intervention during this period. Participants were assessed by Patrick & Drossman's IBS Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (1998) and Jiang & et.al emotional schemas questionnaire (2019) in pre-test and post-test. The results were analysed using multivariate analysis of variance.

Both interventions had a significant effect on improve the quality of life and emotional schemas (P<0.01), this effect was stable during follow-up period (P <0.01). Also, there was no significant difference between the two treatments in terms of efficacy and both treatments are equally effective.

Each of the behavioral cognitive and acceptance and commitment interventions as an effective intervention can be used in medical centers to improve the quality of life and emotional schemas of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and generalized anxiety disorder.

The aim of this study was to comparison defense mechanisms, Dysfunction emotion regulation and intolerance of Uncertainty in students with symptoms of compulsive Hoarding and social anxiety.

The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population included all students of the Islamic Azad University of Ardabil, of which 120 were selected by Random sampling-step. To collect research data from the Saving InventoryRevised Questionnaire (SI-R), Jerabeks Social Anxiety Scale, Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ-40), Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS) was used. Multivariate analysis of variance (MONOVA) was used for statistical analysis after describing the data to test the hypotheses.

The results showed that except for mature defense style, immature and neurotic defense style in students with symptoms of social anxiety is more than students with symptoms of compulsive Hoarding and also in the dimensions of Dysfunction emotion regulation other than difficulty in controlling Impulse of other dimensions in students with symptoms of social anxiety is greater than students with symptoms of compulsive Hoarding. Finally, the dimensions of intolerance of uncertainty, except for the inability to perform the action, the other dimensions in students with symptoms of social anxiety are more than students with symptoms of compulsive Hoarding.

The results indicate that the studied variables are higher in students with symptoms of social anxiety compared to students with symptoms of compulsive Hoarding and need programs to improve these variables.

The purpose of this research was the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on experiential avoidance, uncertainty intolerance and positive metacognitive beliefs in women with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The current research method is semi-experimental and the design used in this research is a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a follow-up period. The statistical population of the research was all women suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder who referred to counseling and psychotherapy centers in Tehran in the months of February and March of 2021. The research sample included 30 women with obsessive-compulsive disorder who referred to counseling and psychotherapy centers in Tehran between February and March of 1400. Data were collected using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Questionnaire (1989), the Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire by Bond et al. (2011), the Intolerance of Uncertainty Questionnaire by Friston et al. Obtained. In this research, the protocol of Wells (2000) was used to perform metacognitive therapy, which was performed once a week for 8 sessions of 90 minutes on the experimental group. The data was analyzed using the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements and SPSS software.

The findings showed that metacognitive therapy on experiential avoidance (F=13.53, P<0.001), uncertainty intolerance (F=65.25, P<0.001), and positive metacognitive beliefs (F=75.86, P<0.001) was effective in women with obsessive compulsive disorder.

It can be concluded that metacognitive therapy was effective on experiential avoidance, intolerance of uncertainty and positive metacognitive beliefs in women with obsessive compulsive disorder, and this therapy can be used to reduce the problems of obsessive-compulsive patients.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the structural model of health anxiety based on uncertainty intolerance and anxiety sensitivity with the mediation of rumination in students. Research

This descriptive research project was conducted with structural equation modeling and with the presence of 454 people with the online sampling method among the students of Azad University, Science and Research Unit in the academic year of 1401-1400. To measure the research variables, Salkoskis et al.'s Short List of Health Anxiety (2002), Friston et al.'s Intolerance Scale (1994), Reiss et al.'s Anxiety Sensitivity Questionnaire (1986) and Nolen-Hoeksma and Maro's (1991) rumination response scale were used. Became. Data were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equations using SPSS and AMOS software version 24.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between uncertainty intolerance, anxiety sensitivity and rumination with health anxiety (P<0.01); Also, the results showed that the direct paths of this research were significant and the indirect paths of uncertainty intolerance and anxiety sensitivity through the mediating role of rumination on health anxiety were significant.

Based on the findings of this research, the modified model had a good fit (RMSEA=0.051 and P-value <0.05) and the final evaluated model has a good fit and is an important step towards understanding It is considered to be an effective factor on students' health anxiety.