خردمندی

The objective of the current investigation was to investigate the perceptions of wisdom held by Iranian gifted school instructors. In order to accomplish this objective, a descriptive phenomenological methodology was implemented. The statistical population of the research consisted of teachers from gifted schools in Isfahan in 2022. Purposive sampling was implemented to identify participants, and data acquisition was maintained until saturation was achieved. The study involved 21 teachers, with interviews lasting between 30 and 45 minutes. Eight of the instructors were male and thirteen were female. Interviews were conducted in-depth to facilitate a two-way dialogical exchange and obtain a comprehensive understanding of the teachers’ perspectives. The data derived from the interviews were analyzed using Clark and Brown's six-step model. Additionally, Lincoln and Guba’s four criteria were implemented to guarantee the credibility and validity of the investigation. The results indicated that the conceptualization of wisdom by gifted school teachers is characterized by three primary themes: cognitive and rational skills, communication and interpersonal skills, and compassion and concern for others. The results of this study suggest that teachers’ perceptions reflect certain aspects of wisdom, while others, as emphasized in the literature, are underemphasized.

Considering the course of world developments due to modernization and technological advancement, the 21st century man has undeniably witnessed many changes in the lifestyle and human relationships, which have caused many changes in the quality of life. Due to such changes, in recent years, more attention has been paid to the quality of parent-child relationships in the etiology of children's behavioral problems and morbid fears. In many research studies, the psychological characteristics of the mother in causing the child's behavioral problems and disorders, such as children's autism, have been the focus of researchers. In this, the psychological characteristics of the mother, such as the relationship she has with the child and the lack of pleasure-seeking, play an important role. Therefore, this examination of the different dimensions and conditions of parent-child relationships in children with autism and autism is very necessary.The aim of this study was to design the quality of mother-child relationships based on the dimensions of wisdom and social-emotional loneliness strategies mediated by the lack of pleasure in mothers of children with autism in Ahvaz. 

The statistical population of the present study was all mothers with autistic children in Ahvaz and the sample consisted of 200 mothers with autistic children in Ahvaz who were selected and tested by the available method of autism children's schools. The Structural Equations and Research Tools Research Project includes Quantum Mother-Child Quality Questionnaires (1994), Ardlett's Wise Three-Dimensional Questionnaire (2003), an abbreviated form of the Detomaso et al., and the Questionnaire of Lack of Pleasure by Senate et al. (1995). Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis were used to analyze the data. 

The results showed that there is a direct relationship between cognitive, reflective and emotional dimensions of wisdom and the quality of mother-child relationships. There is a direct relationship between the feeling of romantic and social loneliness and the quality of mother-child relationships, but this direct relationship with family loneliness was not significant. There is also a direct relationship between cognitive dimension, wisdom reflection and lack of pleasure, but the direct relationship between emotional dimension of intelligence and lack of pleasure was not significant. There is a direct relationship between the feeling of family loneliness and the lack of pleasure, but this direct relationship was not significant with the feeling of romantic and social loneliness. At the same time, there is a significant direct relationship between lack of pleasure and quality of mother-child relationships. The results also found that there was an indirect relationship between cognitive dimension and reflexivity, sense of family loneliness, and mother-child relationships through mediated lack of pleasure. Also, during the research results, the suitability of the research model was confirmed. 

Based on the results of the present study, the indirect effect of the cognitive dimension of wisdom and the reflective dimension of wisdom on the quality of mother-child relationships through anhedonia was significant. However, the indirect effect of the emotional dimension of wisdom on mother-child relationship quality through anhedonia was not significant. To explain this finding, it can be suggested that individuals who fear ridicule tend to worry that others might mock or laugh at them (Ruch et al., 2015). This misinterpretation of others' laughter negatively affects their social interactions (Kashdan et al., 2014), and they fear that their differences from the outside society could increase perceived burdens from life circumstances and impact their mental health. Such mental preoccupations may lead to a decline in appropriate parent-child relationships. However, wisdom as a factor may increase parent-child interaction by reducing feelings of anhedonia, thus enhancing the mother-child relationship, and consequently, the mother's behavior may positively impact the child.Furthermore, the results of the present study indicate that the indirect effect of romantic loneliness and social loneliness on mother-child relationship quality through anhedonia was not significant, whereas the indirect effect of family loneliness on mother-child relationship quality through anhedonia was significant. This finding can be interpreted to suggest that anhedonia, such individuals, when interacting with others, may interpret a smile or laugh from the other party as directed toward themselves (Chłopicki et al., 2010). Although loneliness is more common among mothers of children with disabilities than mothers of typical children, it is recommended that individuals increase their social engagement, communicate with others, and participate in educational workshops and related courses to improve their awareness and interactions.Based on the findings, it is recommended that educational programs and specialized workshops aimed at enhancing parental behavior skills with autistic children or increasing feelings of enjoyment be held in educational settings and schools by experienced psychologists. It is also suggested to establish autism-related associations, and furthermore, based on the minimum observed abilities of these children, a suitable productivity plan for their time and lives can be developed and implemented.

The purpose of the present study was to develop a model of wisdom based on successful intelligence and psychological well-being in students with the mediating role of creativity. The present study employed a correlational design and the statistical population in this study included high school students of Arak, Iran in academic year of 2022-2023. The sample selected using convenience sampling, which led to the recreuiment of 500 students. Data collection tools included the wisdom scale, successful intelligence questionnaire, psychological well-being scale and creativity questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equations modeling. The results showed that creativity had a partial mediating role in relationship between successful intelligence and psychological well-being with wisdom. Also, findings showed that the direct effect of successful intelligence, psychological well-being and creativity were significant on wisdom. Proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the data and the analyses also revealed that %46 of variance of wisdom was explained by successful intelligence and psychological well-being through the mediating role of creativity. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that wisdom is affected by successful intelligence, psychological well-being, and creativity and these findings can be used to increase the level of wisdom of students.

The purpose of this research was to explore the meaning of wisdom from the point of view of middle-aged men and women regarding the adversities in their lives. Qualitative research methods and a phenomenological approach were used. The research environment included all the middle-aged men and women of Isfahan who had experienced one or more adversities during their lives. Participants were selected based on purposeful snowball sampling; The semi-structured interview continued until reaching saturation, and finally, 13 people participated in the research. After analyzing the data, 60 concepts, 10 sub-categories, and 4 main categories (rationality, sense of satisfaction, humility, knowledge about oneself, God, and the world) were extracted. The results showed that wisdom is a broad concept that has different meanings and definitions, and the role of adversity in achieving the characteristics related to wisdom is very strong, each person can understand this concept by considering their different experiences throughout life.

This research was conducted to investigate the relationship between nature and character with wisdom through the cognitive regulation strategies of emotion in the students of Islamic Azad University, Hamadan branch. The descriptive research method was correlational. Using the sample size formula in regression analysis, 400 students from Islamic Azad University, Hamedan branch were selected as the sample for this research. The tools used were questionnaires on wisdom, character, and emotion regulation. Data analysis was performed using the statistical method of path analysis, and the bootstrap test was employed to check the mediating role of the variables. The findings showed that the relationship between nature and character with students' wisdom, through the mediating role of positive emotion regulation strategies, had a good fit. This path had a greater effect on wisdom through positive emotion regulation strategies. Additionally, the direct and indirect relationships between nature and wisdom were confirmed. Character influenced wisdom through positive emotion regulation strategies (as a key variable of the model). The direct and indirect relationship between nature and wisdom was not significant. In general, positive emotion regulation strategies played a mediating role in the relationship between nature and character with wisdom. It is suggested to take appropriate measures to enhance positive emotion regulation strategies and wisdom in students.

Communication styles are one of the skills that can help teenagers reduce anxiety and interact correctly with others. Communication skills can be defined as conveying a message that includes shared understanding between contexts where communication occurs. In addition to communication styles, wisdom is also essential during adolescence. Yang stated that wisdom consists of three components, including cognitive coherence, the embodiment of wisdom in actions, and positive influence on oneself and others in the long term to maintain collective interests. Grossman defined wisdom as a combination of personality traits with three cognitive, reflective and emotional components, which cognitive component refers to a person’s constant desire to understand human conditions and especially intra-personal and interpersonal issues, in addition to the knowledge resulting from this desire. The reflective component refers to the ability to understand issues from multiple angles, as well as self-evaluation (self-evaluation) and self-insight, and the affective component is defined as compassionate love, consideration, and kindness (i.e., a positive empathic attitude toward others). Despite the difficulty in defining wisdom among researchers and experts in this field, a general agreement exists that wisdom includes knowledge, insight, reflection, and combining one’s resources with the interests and well-being of others. In this regard, one variable affecting wisdom is the style of thinking. Thinking styles, sometimes called rational styles, refer to a person’s preference for using a specific thinking process. According to Sternberg’s thinking styles, there are 13 types divided into five functional dimensions: form, level, territory, and tendency. Furthermore, adolescence is the most suitable stage for examining decision-making ability. Decision-making styles are a unique model that shows how people respond to a decision-making situation or interpret that situation. Understanding decision-making styles helps us grasp why people respond differently to the same situation. Each individual employs unique decision-making processes. One of these new interventions is early communication skills for teenagers. Effective communication skills empower individuals to reflect on themselves and cultivate meaningful relationships. This often involves fostering better connections with parents, but the focus remains on personal choices and what serves one’s best interests in relationships with parents, teachers, friends, and others in one’s life. Sometimes, this requires challenging public opinion and prioritizing speaking up over staying silent. These skills are crucial for making wise and healthy decisions, even when those decisions are tough. This perspective is based on a behavioral model called dialectical behavior therapy, which teaches people skills to be more effective in their lives. In other words, the skills that help people to live a happier and healthier life by changing things and to get closer to what they love in their lives.

The current research was of a semi-experimental type with a pre-test, post-test, 45-day follow-up test with an experimental and control group, and random assignment with an ethics code ID: IR.IAU.KHUISF.REC.1403.265 from Khorasgan Islamic Azad University (Isfahan, Iran). The statistical population included all adolescents aged 13 to 15 in the city of Isfahan in the academic year of 2023-2024, randomly selected from among the six districts of Isfahan, and then two schools were selected in that district. First, middle school students were randomly selected, and then among the 13-15-year-old students who were willing to cooperate with the researcher. Considering the entry criteria, 40 people were randomly selected into two experimental and control groups (20 people each). The required number of samples was calculated based on similar studfies, such as Yonesi et al.’s study, taking into account an effect size of 40%, a confidence level of 95%, a test power of 80%, and a dropout rate of 10% for each group of 20 people. Iclusion criteria include teenage girls aged 13-15 years, willingness and informed consent in the research plan, cooperation and activity in the research project, and not receiving other psychological training. Exclusion criteria include the absence of more than two sessions andadolescents who had psychological disorders and received other psychological trainings and interventions. Subjects in the experimental group received ten 60-minute sessions of Van Dijk’s communication skills first aid intervention, while subjects in the control group did not receive training. After completing the first aid training on communication skills for the experimental group, both experimental and control groups were tested by questionnaires to measure the dependent variable (communication styles, wisdom, thinking, and decision-making style.

When people start practicing mindfulness meditation, their relationship with the people around them improves significantly, and they can easily solve interpersonal problems. This profoundimprovement in human relationships has various reasons. The reason for improving relationships after mindfulness meditation is that when the mind becomes aware, the capacity to accept the experience and the events that happen in each moment of a person’s life increases. This spirit of readiness to face whatever happens automatically causes the improvement of relationships with it becomes others because the person does not have prejudice or denial and looks at people as they are without prejudice. Additionally, the results showed that the difference between the average of the research variables in the groups in the post-test and follow-up phases is significant. In other words, a significant difference was found between the sample subjects in the control test groups in the research variables in the post-test and follow-up stages (P<0.001).

According to this study, the first aid intervention for adolescent communication skills is an effective method for improving the communication, wisdom, thinking, and decision-making styles of 13-15-year-old adolescents.

This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of musical intelligence on the association between successful intelligence and wisdom among piano players.
The present research is correlational. The statistical population in this study consists of piano players in Arak city during the academic year of 2023. A convenience sample of 300 piano players was selected using an online platform. Data collection tools included the San Diego Wisdom Scale (Thomas et al., 2022), the Successful Intelligence Questionnaire (Grigorenko & Sternberg, 2002), and the Multiple Intelligences Questionnaire (Gardner, 1983). Statistical analysis of data was performed using AMOS-28 and SPSS software.
Results showed that the direct effects of successful intelligence and musical intelligence on wisdom were significant. Moreover, the results revealed that musical intelligence mediated the relationship between successful intelligence and wisdom. Additionally, the proposed model exhibited an acceptable fit to the data (RMSEA = 0.071, p < 0.05), indicating that 90% of the variance in wisdom was explained by successful intelligence via the mediating role of musical intelligence.
Therefore, piano players' wisdom can be influenced by their successful intelligence and musical intelligence. Additionally, musical intelligence comprises analytical, creative, practical, and wisdom-based aspects, which are useful for both composing and performing music, as well as for understanding and knowledge of music among piano players.

Self-transcendence and subjective vitality are among the well-being indicators, whose predictors identification is of paramount importance. The present study was aimed at examining the mediating role of wisdom in the relationship between successful intelligence and selftranscendence and subjective vitality within a causal model.

This descriptive study employs a correlational and structural modeling approach with a sample consisting of 262 undergraduate students (159 females and 103 males) from Shiraz University, selected through multistage cluster random sampling during the academic year 2022-2023. Participants responded to the Successful Intelligence Scale (SIS) by Grigorenko and Sternberg, the Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (SAWS) by Webster, the Adult Self-Transcendence Inventory (ASTI) by Levenson et al., and the Subjective Vitality Inventory (SVI) by Ryan and Frederick. Data were processed using structural equation modeling.

According to the research results, successful intelligence has a significant and positive effect on wisdom, and wisdom significantly and positively affects self-transcendence and subjective vitality. Furthermore, the bootstrap test showed the significant and positive mediating effect of wisdom between successful intelligence and self-transcendence, as well as between successful intelligence and subjective vitality

Based on the findings of the current study, it may be concluded that successful intelligence enhances students’ wisdom, in turn promoting their self-transcendence and subjective vitality.

 This research was conducted with the aim of providing a structural model of wisdom based on successful intelligence with the mediation of self-esteem in middle managers. The cross-sectional research method is correlational. The statistical population of this research was made up of all the middle level managers of private banks, municipal organizations and Mahan Airlines in Tehran in 1399-1400, from among them, 300 people were selected by staged cluster sampling method. In this research, the tools of wisdom (Ardelt, 2003), successful intelligence (Sternberg, 2005), and self-esteem (Rosenberg, 1965) were used, all of which are valid and had acceptable reliability. In order to analyze the data, SPSS-V19 and Lisrel-V8.80 software were used. Also, in order to respond to the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling was used. The findings of the research showed that the model has a good fit. The results showed that successful intelligence had a direct effect on wisdom. In connection with the existence of an indirect effect of successful intelligence on the wisdom of middle managers through self-esteem, it is confirmed with 95% confidence. The results showed that successful intelligence had a direct effect on wisdom. Therefore, paying attention to the mentioned variables helps senior managers and researchers in order to apply the concept of wisdom, it is very important to identify and select middle managers in organizations and design more appropriate training packages and increase knowledge and designing more suitable for cultivating wisdom.

This study mainly predicts addiction tendency among soldiers based on wisdom by taking into account the mediating role of hope .

This descriptive-correlational study employed structural equation modeling (SEM) for analysis. The statistical population consisted of all conscripts doing their military service in one of the military barracks of Tehran, 237 of whom with a high school diploma were selected as the sample through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Iranian Addiction Potential Questionnaire (IAPQ) (Zargar, 2006), the Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS) (Ardelt, 2003), and the Adult Hope Scale (AHS) (Snyder, 1991). The data were analyzed statistically in SPSS-26 and AMOS-20, and the research hypotheses were tested using SEM.

According to the test statistics and significance levels (p<0.05), “wisdom” significantly affected the criterion variable, i.e., soldiers’ tendency to addiction (β=-0.414) and “hope” significantly mediated the prediction of “tendency to addiction” by “wisdom” (β=-0.259).

The study findings suggested that positive psychology variables such as wisdom and hope can be considered reliable predictors of tendency to addiction among soldiers. Given the protective role of these variables, it seems that improving the wisdom and hope levels of soldiers can be effective in reducing their tendency to addiction.

This study has been written with the aim of introducing a questionnaire to measuring of students' level of wisdom. The present study is a part of development-applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type in terms of data collection method. The statistical population in this study included all adolescent students of girls 'and boys' high schools in Isfahan in the number of 52813 people in the academic year 1397-98. Cluster random sampling method was used and 400 people were included in the main sample. Factor analysis, content validity and construct validity were used to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Spss and AMOS software using correlation coefficient, heuristic and confirmatory factor analysis. The KMO value (0.892) indicated the adequacy of sampling. The results of factor analysis showed that the eight factors of general wisdom, religious wisdom, emotional wisdom, human wisdom, spiritual wisdom, moral wisdom, social wisdom and scientific wisdom and special values higher than one could have been 71.494% of the variance of items. The reliability of the questionnaire in terms of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.895 and for the first factors (general wisdom) 0.756, the second factor (religious wisdom) 0.727, the third factor (emotional wisdom) 0.715, the fourth factor (human wisdom) 0.712, the fifth factor (spiritual wisdom) 0.700, the sixth factor (moral wisdom) 0.702, the seventh factor (social wisdom) 0.680 and The eighth factor (scientific wisdom) was calculated 0.672.The results of the first-order confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit index is at a desirable level. In general, the results of the validity study and the calculation of the reliability of the questionnaire and the coordination of the components with each other and with the total score, show that the questionnaire is sufficient and is a suitable tool for assessing the wisdom of adolescent students.

The purpose of this research was to predict the flourishing of students based on moral intelligence, wisdom, and critical thinking with regard to the mediator role of hope. The descriptive-correlational research method was structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all the students of the Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery of Iran University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2020-2021, numbering 740 people, out of which 384 people were selected by the available sampling method. To collect data from Soleimani's flourishing questionnaire (FQ), moral intelligence (MIQ) Link and Keel (2007), wisdom (WQ) Webster (2003), critical thinking (CTQ) Fashion (1990) and hope (HQ) of Snyder and et al (2000) was used. In order to analyze the data, structural equation analysis was used. The results of the research showed that the direct effects of moral intelligence, wisdom, and critical thinking on flourishing were significant (p<0.001). On the other hand, moral intelligence, wisdom, and critical thinking were indirectly related to flourishing through hope (p<0.001). The goodness of fit indices also indicated the appropriate fit of the model. Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that moral intelligence, wisdom, and critical thinking with the mediation of hope can determine the prosperity model.

Capabilities that can be formed from experiences, lessons learned, and training can affect the perception of one's own and others' feelings and relationships in the workplace. These capabilities are known as mindfulness. But these abilities, or mindfulness, can affect the wisdom of individuals, which is directly the result of their behavior and actions. Therefore the importance of psychological well-being will lead to more dynamism and activity. Then, it can be said that psychological well-being can affect the wisdom of employees and thus the present study has been conducted to structurally investigate the mediating role of psychological well-being on the relationship between mindfulness and wisdom in health advocates fighting the coronavirus crisis.

The research is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population is all health defenders in Bam, Jiroft, and Kerman, and the statistical population includes nurses between 27 and 45 years old with more than 8 years of experience and active in the coronavirus inpatient department. The research sampling method is a census of community members. Data were collected using the Kentucky Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Reef Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire, and the Ardelt Wisdom Scale (D-WS3). The questionnaires were distributed and collected among 130 individuals. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach in Smart PLS software version 3. In this approach, using PLS test, algorithm, and bootstrapping test, by measuring reliability and validity, path coefficient, significance coefficient and t-statistic, the relationships and effects of variables have been determined.

The internal reliability of the research was assessed using the classical Cronbach's alpha coefficient and two new composite reliability coefficients and the rho-A coefficient. The standard value approved in these coefficients is 0.7. The EVA coefficient was used to measure the convergent validity with a value higher than 0.5 and the Fornell-Larker matrix was used to measure the divergent validity. According to the results, welfare (β = 0.35, P = 0.04) and mindfulness (β= 0.22, P= 0.02) are directly related to wisdom and psychological well-being (β = 0.27, P= 0.04) mediates the relationship between mind. Awareness and wisdom have a direct impact. Thus, the results at the level of t-statistic of 1.96, and significance (P≤0.05), confirmed the relationships of the hypotheses.

Finally, strengthening the minds of health advocates by using psychological well-being improves their wisdom; Therefore, due to the prevalence of mental disorders during the epidemic of emerging diseases without definitive treatment such as Covid-19, psychological interventions such as mindfulness program training cause conscious behaviors and wise responses of health defenders to such a challenge.

the selection of wise managers, human resources and efficient workforce is the most fundamental factor of production, construction, growth and development, therefore the most comprehensive knowledge of the concepts and structures related to human resources, special tools and finally the skill of using these tools It is necessary; Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between emotional creativity and wisdom in young middle managers.

The current research was a correlational cross-sectional study. The statistical population of this research was all middle level managers of private banks and Mahan Airlines in Tehran in the first half of the year 1400, from among them, 300 people were selected by staged cluster sampling method. In this research, the tools of wisdom (Ardelt, 2003), emotional creativity (April, 1999), and self-esteem (Rosenberg, 1965) were used, all of which had acceptable validity and reliability. In order to analyze the data, SPSS-V19 and Lisrel-V8.8 software were used.

The research results showed that the model has a good fit. The results showed that emotional creativity had a significant direct effect on wisdom. The indirect effect of emotional creativity on the wisdom of middle managers was confirmed with the mediation of self-esteem with 95% confidence (P=0.05).

The results obtained from this research showed that paying attention to the mentioned variables in the selection of managers and more appropriate design for cultivating wisdom helps senior managers and researchers.

he purpose of this research was to introduce and test a causal model of investigating wisdom behaviors. 440 undergraduate (281 women, 159 men) were selected by random cluster sampling method in Shiraz University in academic year 98-99. They completed Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (Webster, 2003), NEO Questionnaire Short Form (Khormaei & Farmani, 2014), Successful Intelligence Scale (Sternberg & Grigorenko, 2002), Patience Scale (Khormaei, Farmani & Soltani, 2015), and Coping Self - efficacy (Chesney, Neilands, Chambers, Taylor & Folkman, 2006). The result of the present study supported the meditational effect of patience and coping self - efficacy. In this regards, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and successful intelligence predicted wisdom indirectly by the mediation role of patience and coping self - efficacy. Accordingly, 45% of the wisdom variance were explained by these variables. Therefore, the big factor personality dimensions and successful intelligence increasepatience. So students who are patience to face the problems have more coping self - efficacy skills than those who are not patience; and finally result, they would behave wisely.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of positive psychology training on students' wisdom, resilience, and cognitive flexibility. The research design was quasi-experimental, using pretest, post-test and follow-up design with the control group. The sample consisted of 30 undergraduate students of Payame Noor University in the academic year 2020-2021. The participants were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. First, in the pretest stage, both groups answered the questionnaires on wisdom, resilience, and cognitive flexibility. Then, positive psychology training was performed in 14 sessions of 60 minutes for the experimental group and the post-test was administered. After two months, for the third time (as a follow-up), both groups answered the research questionnaires. The analysis of covariance showed that positive psychology training caused stable changes in wisdom, resilience, and cognitive flexibility in the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test. This effect was also sustained during the follow-up phase. The research findings indicate that positive psychology training could improve wisdom, resilience, and cognitive flexibility. 

The aim of this study was to present a structural structural model of wisdom in couples based on moral intelligence with the mediating role of mindfulness. The research method is cross-sectional correlation. The statistical population of this study consisted of all couples (couple) in Tehran in 1300-1400, from which 380 people were selected by stepwise cluster sampling. In this study, the tools of wisdom (Ardelt, 2003), moral intelligence (Lenick and Kiel, 2011), and mindfulness (Ryan and Brown, 2003) All of them had acceptable validity and reliability. SPSS-V23 and Amos-V8.8 software were used to analyze the data. Structural equation modeling was also used to answer the research hypotheses. Findings showed that the model has a good fit. The results showed that moral intelligence had a direct effect on wisdom, the relationship between moral intelligence and wisdom is directly equal (t = 4.63 and β = 0.51). The results also showed that the indirect effect of moral intelligence on the wisdom of the couple was confirmed by mindfulness with 95% confidence. Therefore, this model can be a good model for identifying the factors affecting couples' wisdom and its results can be used in planning to increase mindfulness and moral intelligence in couples. Therefore, paying attention to the mentioned variables in prevention and designing more appropriate therapies will help researchers and therapists.

The aim of this study was to develop a model of structural equations to measure the direct and indirect relationship of wisdom based on Components of academic experiences through the mediation of components of Cognitive flexibility between the students of the University of Tehran. The method of current research is in the scope of descriptive-correlational design and the analysis method is structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study is included of all male and female postgraduate and doctoral students at the University of Tehran in 2009-2010 who were selected as the sample of the study. The sample size was 357 based on the minimum required subjects for the obvious variables in the model. The sampling method was random multi-stage cluster analysis. In order to collect data and measure research variables, Schmidt et al. (2012) Wisdom, Pace and Kouveh (2002) and Dennis and Vanderwall (2010) cognitive flexibility questionnaires were used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-23 and AMOS-22 software. The research model was evaluated using the fitting indices of the structural equation model and the path analysis technique. Examination of correlation coefficients showed that academic experiences is able to directly predict wisdom and has a direct and significant effect. Determining the significance of the indirect effect also indicates that the Cognitive flexibility have a mediating role and its mediation share between the variables has been completely positive and significant., it can be concluded that the data to have a good fit with the research model

Strengthening wisdom along with intelligence is essential for students' spiritual and scientific progress. Accordingly, the behavioral indicators and the level of wisdom of students should be measured with a valid tool and appropriate to Islamic culture. The aim of this article assess the wisdom of adolescent students is written.This article is a part of development-applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type in terms of data collection method. The statistical population included all gifted and moderately intelligent students of the first year of high school in Isfahan in the academic year of 1997-98. Cluster random sampling method was used and 400 people were tested individually with a questionnaire to assess the level of wisdom of adolescent students.. Data were analyzed using Spss and AMOS software using correlation coefficient, heuristic and confirmatory factor analysis.The results of the analysis showed that the mean index in the gifted group is higher than the normal group and gifted male and female students have a higher score in the Wise Behavioral Indices Questionnaire. Eight factors with eigenvalues higher than one were able to explain 71.494% of the variance of items. The results of the first-order confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit index is at a desirable level. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated in terms of Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.895. The coordination between the factors with the total score is acceptable and the model fit index is at a desirable level, which indicates that the questionnaire is sufficient.

This research was conducted with the purpose of presenting a structural model for predicting wisdom based on successful intelligence and psychological well-being with the mediating role of students' self-efficacy.

The cross-sectional research method is correlation type. The statistical population of this research was made up of all female and male students of Azad Universities of Tehran province in 2019-2019, from which 400 people were selected by staged cluster sampling method. In this research, the tools of wisdom (Ardelt, 2003), successful intelligence (Sternberg, 2005), psychological well-being (Reif, 1989) and self-efficacy (Sherer et al., 1982) were used, all of which had acceptable validity and reliability. In order to analyze the data, SPSS-V19 and Amos-V8.8 software were used. Also, in order to respond to the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling was used. The findings of the research showed that the model has a good fit.

The results showed that successful intelligence has a direct effect on wisdom, the relationship between successful intelligence and wisdom is directly equal (t = 2.08 and β = 0.25). In connection with the existence of an indirect effect of successful intelligence on the wisdom of students through self-efficacy, it is rejected with 95% confidence. The results showed that psychological well-being had a direct effect on wisdom, the relationship between psychological well-being and wisdom is directly equal (t = 4.91 and β = 0.68). In connection with the existence of an indirect effect of psychological well-being on the wisdom of students through self-efficacy, it is confirmed with 95% certainty.

Therefore, paying attention to the mentioned variables helps researchers and therapists in prevention and designing more appropriate treatments