جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کمال گرایی » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of defense mechanisms and perfectionism in the relationship between ego strength and job adjustment of nurses. The statistical population of this research was the employees of public hospitals in Karaj who were working in 2023. 250 nurses from the public hospitals of Karaj city were selected from among the research population and with the purpose sampling. The data of the research was collected by using Ego Strength Questionnaire (ESS), Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ), Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (TPMS) and Job Adjustment Questionnaire (JAQ). The collected data were analyzed using structural equation method in SPSS version 25 and Mplus version 8.3 software. The research findings show that ego strength positively and significantly predicts job adjustment. The results also showed that defense mechanisms and perfectionism mediate the relationship between ego strength and job adjustment. According to the results of the research, it can be concluded that ego strength through defense mechanisms and perfectionism can predict the level of job adjustment in nurses.

In today's world, where progress and achievement are considered among individual values, it is necessary to have self-evaluation criteria and indicators, but sometimes these self-evaluations go beyond normal and become harmful. In other words, the desire to be perfect, having high standards and critical evaluations of one's own performance, and high sensitivity to mistakes become prominent features of the person. This maladaptive perfectionism is also common in athletes and acts as an obstacle for their effective performance. The present study was carried out in order to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive bias modification on the perfectionism and resilience of perfectionist student athletes. The research method in this study was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included perfectionist athlete students of the Persian Gulf University in the academic year of 1401-1402, who were identified based on the criteria of the multidimensional perfectionism questionnaire. The research sample included 40 perfectionist student athletes who were selected by random sampling and were placed in two experimental and control groups using the random assignment method. The cognitive bias modification intervention program was conducted using the dot probe task (exploring the dot), individually, and during 8 sessions of 30 to 40 minutes. In order to investigate the research hypotheses, univariate covariance analysis was used. The findings showed that the intervention program aimed at modification of cognitive bias, while reducing the amount of perfectionistic cognitive bias (P<0.05) and the dimensions of students' perfectionism (P<0.05), led to an increase in some components of resilience, including hardiness, purposefulness, control and spirituality (P<0.05). perfectionistic cognitive bias modification provides the opportunity for athletes to have a more realistic assessment of their abilities and performance, and to be more resilient in the face of problems and challenges.

This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of mindfulness and therapy based on acceptance and commitment on perfectionism and self-focused attention in infertile couples in Isfahan city.

The research was a semi-experimental type, with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the research was all infertile couples who referred to the Infertility Center of Isfahan city in the middle of 2021. Among these, 45 couples were selected by available sampling method and replaced by random method in three groups of experiment 1, experiment 2 and control group (15 people in each group). Experiment group one received mindfulness therapy, experiment group two received therapy based on acceptance and commitment for 8 sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention. The research tools were Hill et al.'s perfectionism questionnaire (2004) and Woody et al.'s (1997) focus of attention questionnaire. Rsults: The results showed that mindfulness therapy based on acceptance and commitment is effective on perfectionism and self-focused attention (p<0.05). In other words, both treatments have had a significant effect in reducing perfectionism and self-focused attention.

According to the results of the research, it can be said that mindfulness and therapy based on acceptance and commitment have had a significant effect in reducing perfectionism and self-focused attention.

People with body deformity disorder suffer from anxiety in different areas of their life due to their perceived defects and they are often attacked by disturbing or unwanted images and thoughts about their physical appearance, and as a result, their quality of life and daily functioning decreases, so the research The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between sexual schemas and body image through the mediation of perfectionism and dysfunctional beliefs in people with body deformities in the beauty clinics of Mazandaran province.

The current research method is correlational and structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of the research was made up of people who referred to the beauty clinics of Mazandaran province (the cities of Amol, Babol, Sari and Qaimshahr). Based on Klein's opinion, the sample size was 330 people selected in a purposeful and random way. The data collection tool was Anderson and Siranoski's gender schema questionnaire, Ten Sooto and Garcia's body image satisfaction questionnaire, Trishort et al.'s perfectionism questionnaire, and Wiseman and Beck's dysfunctional beliefs scale. In this research, SPSS22 and Amose23 software were used to analyze the information obtained from structural regression equation modeling.

The results of the research showed that the lower limit is 0.46 and the upper limit is 0.65 between the two variables of perfectionism and ineffective beliefs as mediating variables between gender schema and body image. The confidence level for this confidence interval is 95. Considering that zero is outside this confidence interval, this relationship is a significant mediator.

considering that the extent to which people pay attention to their appearance largely depends on the schemas related to appearance. These body patterns are used as a cognitive format to evaluate a person's appearance and body image emotions - the body image is the shape that a person has of his body in his mind. When contextual trigger events occur, body image thoughts and emotions trigger adaptive and self-directed activities or coping strategies. Disturbance in these emotional, behavioral and cognitive elements of body image is the core of the pathology of anorexia nervosa, anorexia nervosa and body image disorder.

regulating and self-motivation strategies of first year high school girl students and their mothers' perfectionism. Method of the study is descriptive-correlation and The statistical population was all the first high school students and their mothers in each Isfahan, the number of students was 1846, and considering that the components of the questionnaires are 10 and for each component, 20 people are sufficient for the sample size; Therefore, the sample size is 200 people and they were selected by multi-stage cluster confirmation sampling method, and self-regulation strategies questionnaires by Miller and Brown (1999), Barkley's self-motivation questionnaire (2012) and Ahvaz Najarian et al.'s perfectionism questionnaire. (2007) completed APS Pearson’s coefficient of correlation and Stepwise Regression were used as Data analysis statistical methods The results showed that the contribution of self-regulation and self-motivation strategies in predicting academic progress was significant and 24% and 36%, respectively, were fixed on academic progress. However, the perfectionism of students' mothers could not predict the academic progress of female students.

At the same time as the rapid growth of technology and the ever-increasing human progress, and considering that the roles and responsibilities of adulthood have expanded and become more complex and teenagers need advanced abilities and skills to enter adulthood, emerging adulthood theory has been proposed to explain these social and economic developments of the late 20th century. One of the main features of this developmental period is the nature of discovery, experimentation and gaining experience. It is a period in which people focus on personal growth and develop the qualities necessary for self-sufficiency, accept new roles and responsibilities, and learn the social skills necessary to assume those roles. Due to the difficulties of this developmental period, qualities such as agency should be considered an important psychological resource. Also, perfectionism, as a tendency to set very high standards in performance along with extreme self-evaluation critically, can be harmful in the path of self-sufficiency and achieving goals, especially in this developmental period. On the other hand, since emerging adulthood is associated with exploration, stress, ambiguity, and the lack of a specific role, one's emotions also fluctuate during this period. In this regard, and considering the features of the emerging adulthood period and the importance of the structures mentioned in this period, increasing the capabilities of people and helping them to successfully transition to adulthood is of particular importance. In the meantime, education based on the logotherapy approach is one of the types of education that can affect a wide range of lives. Therefore, the main goal of the research is to investigate the effectiveness of education based on the logotherapy approach on the
sense of agency, positive affect, and perfectionism in emerging adults.
 
It was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, post-test, control group, and two-month follow-up period design. The statistical population included all undergraduate students of Isfahan University in the academic year 2020-2021, of which 30 people were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The data collection tools included the human agency scale (consisting of three components of purposefulness, futurism, and general self-efficacy), Hewitt and Flett's perfectionism questionnaire (1991) and Watson et al.'s positive affect scale (1988). The people in the experimental group were trained based on the logotherapy approach (Hutzel, 2002) during 10- to 60-minute sessions. Data analysis was also performed using the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements.
 
The obtained results showed that the average scores of the feeling of agency and positive affect in the experimental group compared to the control group increased significantly in the post-test stage, and the average scores of perfectionism decreased significantly (P≤0.01). Also, the results indicated the permanence of the training effect for the constructs of a sense of agency and perfectionism over time.
 
The results of this research showed that education about discovering meaning in life can affect different aspects of life, including the sense of agency, perfectionism, and positive emotions. Using the results of this research, effective measures can be taken regarding the development of different skills in teenagers and especially emerging adults.

Adolescence is a period when individuals are expected to deal with major and delicate changes in educational, social, and family lives. Thus, it is important to person to have confidence in his/her abilities to manage his/her environment which is known as self-efficacy. Mothers' and fathers' narcissism and perfectionism are among factors which influent adolescents' self-efficacy. The current research, thus, aimed to study the relationship between mothers' and fathers' narcissism and perfectionism with adolescents' self-efficacy. The research design was predictive-descriptive. The statistical population included all high school students of Tehran with their mothers and fathers among whom 140 students with their mothers and fathers were recruited using multistage cluster random sampling method and filled out Narcissist Personality Inventory, Perfectionism Questionnaire, and General Self- Efficacy Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression methods and via SPSS-23. The results of correlation analysis revealed that only mothers' narcissism had negative, significant relationship with adolescents' self-efficacy. Also, the results of regression analysis indicated that only mothers' narcissism was able to negatively, significantly predict adolescents' self-efficacy. In general, the findings of the current research showed that mothers' personality traits had stronger effects on their children's skills and beliefs about themselves in compare with the fathers'.

Academic achievement anxiety as an educational problem affects all aspects of the educational system. This structure has become a global concern in current educational environments and has a significant scope in educational systems. The problem is that the relationships of various variables with academic achievement anxiety have been confirmed, but the relationships of variables such as perfectionism, spiritual intelligence and happiness have been neglected in the form of structural relationships, and there is a major research gap in this field.

This study investigated the effect of perfectionism on academic achievement anxiety with the mediation of spiritual intelligence and happiness of Babol seminary students.

Structural Equation Modeling was used for the analysis and interpretation of the data. A total of seminary students (220 boys) were selected by convenience sampling. Perfectionism, Academic Achievement Anxiety, Academic Procrastination Scale (Solomon & Rohblum) Spiritual Intelligence and Happiness Questionnaires were used to collect data. The structural equation modeling method was used for data analysis using SPSS version 22 software at the statistical level of 0.05

The results of structural equation modeling showed that the data had an acceptable fit with the conceptual model and was confirmed. According to the structural model of the research, perfectionism had a significant effect on spiritual intelligence, happiness and academic achievement anxiety, and spiritual intelligence, happiness had a significant effect on academic achievement anxiety. Also spiritual intelligence and happiness had mediator role in relationship between perfectionism on academic achievement anxiety.

Therefore, to reduce academic achievement anxiety, interventions that guide students in the direction of knowledge, insight and change of attitude about their academic anxiety should be used.

Couples facing infidelity often suffer severe emotional trauma. To investigate the relationship between moral intelligence, perfectionism, and attitudes toward extramarital relationships in married men, we conducted a study.
The present research is a correlational study of the structural equation model type. The statistical population consisted of 100 married men from Kermanshah in 2022. The sampling method used was availability. Data collection tools included the moral intelligence questionnaires of Lenik and Keel (2005), Whatley's (2008) attitude scale towards extramarital relationships, and Hill's (2004) perfectionism scale. Data analysis was done in two parts: descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equations) using SPSS 25 and PLS 3 statistical software.
The results of the findings showed a negative and significant relationship between moral intelligence and attitude towards extramarital relationships (r=-0.274 and p05/0>), and a significant negative relationship between moral intelligence and perfectionism (r=-0.251 and p05/0>), there is a positive and significant relationship between perfectionism and attitude towards extramarital relationships (r = 0.234 and p05/0>), as well as a negative and significance relationship between moral intelligence and attitude towards extramarital relationships with the mediating role of perfectionism (r=-0.059 and p05/0>).
Moral intelligence is related to perfectionism and extramarital relationships, and high moral intelligence can predict the positive aspects of perfectionism and a more negative attitude towards extramarital relationships.

Physical appearance perfectionism, which refers to the desire for a flawless physical appearance, was the focus of the study. The study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale (PAPS) in a sample of Iranian adult women. A convenience sample of 324 adult women completed the PAPS, Tehran's multidimensional perfectionism (TMPS), and social appearance anxiety (SAAS) scales. Validity and reliability were checked using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and internal consistency. The results confirmed the 2-factor structure of this scale, with both worry about imperfection and hope for perfection subscales showing a significant positive correlation with the scores of the Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism Questionnaire and Social Appearance Anxiety Questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the subscales was 0.90 and 0.89, respectively, and 0.90 for the total score. These findings suggest that the Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale (PAPS) demonstrates good validity and reliability in Iranian adult women.

The purpose of the present study was to propose a structural model of body image based on gender schemas, personality type, attitude to eating with the mediation of perfectionism in individuals with cultural pathology and body dysmorphic disorder referred to the beauty clinics of Mazandaran province. The statistical population of the research embraced individuals who referred to the beauty clinics of Mazandaran province (Amol, Babol, Sari and Qaimshahr cities). The sample included 330 participants whom were selected through purposive procedure. The method of the current research was correlational of structural equation modeling (SEM) one. Data was collected by implementing Tan Sooto and Garcia's (2002) Body Image Satisfaction Questionnaire, Cyranowski (1994) Sexual Schema Questionnaire, Costa and McCrae's (1996) Personality Type Questionnaire, Mintz et al.'s (2000) Eating Attitude Questionnaire, Terry-Shorte et al. and Perfectionism Questionnaire (1995). To analyze the data structural equation modeling was applied via utilizing SPSS22 and Amose23 software. The results of the research showed that there was a significant relationship between gender schemas and body image in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder with the mediation of perfectionism. The results also indicated that personality type was significantly correlated to body image in participants with body dysmorphic disorder through the mediation of perfectionism. There was also a significant correlation between eating attitude and body image in subjects with body dysmorphic disorder, with the mediation of perfectionism. Finally, the findings revealed that body image was significantly related to all the investigated variables, and in fact, it could be concluded that since the appearance of a person is a part of a person's personality and identity and it appears in cultural and social situations dissatisfaction with it provides a risk factor for many disorders.

Establishing a satisfactory relationship in married life is very important, because a healthy family and society is formed by the healthy and developed relationship of the couple, and marital satisfaction expresses the strength and efficiency of the family institution. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between perfectionism and marital satisfaction with the mediation of rumination.

The general design of the research was descriptive-correlation studies and path analysis. The statistical population of the research included all married men and women in Mashhad, from which 384 people were selected using the available sampling method. The data were collected using Tehran Multiple Perfectionism (TMPS), Enrich Marital Satisfaction (ENRICH), and Hoeksema & Morrow’s Ruminative Response (RRS) scales. The analysis of research data was done by structural equation modeling (SEM) and using SPSS-26 and AMOS-24 software.

The results indicated that there is a significant negative relationship between perfectionism and rumination with marital satisfaction (p<0.01), while a significant positive relationship was observed between perfectionism and rumination (p<0.01). Also, the findings showed that perfectionism has a negative and significant relationship with marital satisfaction both directly and indirectly through the mediation of rumination (p<0.01).

Perfectionism, when combined with rumination, decreases marital satisfaction even more strongly. Therefore, it is recommended to hold training workshops or couples therapy to moderate perfectionism and improve marital satisfaction in married people

The aim of this study was to the feasibility of a perfectionism management program on the general health and perfectionism of gifted school students. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental based on experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the present study included all students studying in gifted girls' schools in the city of Roodehen in the academic year 2019-2021 30 people were selected by purposive sampling. The instrument used in this study was the General Health (GHQ-28) (Goldberg, 1972) and Perfectionism Inventory (PI) (Hill et al, 2004). The obtained data were analyzed using the covariance method and SPSS23 software. The results of the research showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there is a significant difference at the level of 0.05 between the post-test average of general health and perfectionism in the two experimental and control groups. The results show that for gifted students, using educational approaches based on perfectionism, general health, and perfectionism can be directed in a positive direction.

This study aimed to predict marital satisfaction based on dimensions of perfectionism and spiritual/religious perfectionism. This study was descriptive-correlational. Four hundred and four people) 326 female, 78 male) were selected by the available sampling method in Tehran in 2022. All the couples were asked to complete the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Marital State Questionnaire (GRIMS; Rust et al., 1986), Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (TMPS; Besharat, 2007), and Spiritual/Religious Perfectionism Scale (SRPS-14; Besharat, 2018). Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous regression analysis were used to analyze the research data. The results showed that by increasing the individual score in Self-oriented perfectionism (p<0/05, r=0/110) and Spiritual/Religious Perfectionism (p<0/01, r=0/332) marital satisfaction increases. On the other hand, the results showed that marital satisfaction can be predicted by the variables of self-oriented perfectionism (p<0/05) and Spiritual/Religious Perfectionism (p<0/01). Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that Self-oriented perfectionism and Spiritual/Religious Perfectionism are important predictors of marital satisfaction and the variance of marital satisfaction is 12 percent. Spiritual/Religious Perfectionism is a stronger predictor of marital satisfaction than Self-oriented perfectionism. Investigating these variables in individuals can help significantly in increasing marital satisfaction.

The present study aimed to analyze the role of perfectionism in the professional commitment of teachers in the education and training district of Ardabil, Iran. This research was descriptive-correlational in terms of methodology. The statistical population of the study consisted of 925 teachers in the education and training district of Ardabil, and the sample size was estimated as 271 using Morgan's table. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The results of data analysis using SPSS software showed that perfectionism had a significant impact on the professional commitment of teachers. In addition, the beta coefficients indicated that the dimensions of self-oriented perfectionism, other-oriented perfectionism, and socially prescribed perfectionism predicted 0.123, 0.261, and 0.324 of the variance in professional commitment, respectively. In order to enhance the professional commitment of teachers, managers and authorities should pay attention to the concept of perfectionism and its role in creating a work environment accompanied by commitment.

The aim of the present study was to predict disordered eating behavior via internalized shame as a mediator between perfectionism and childhood trauma. In order to accomplish this, a statistical population comprising all students enrolled in Islamic Azad Universities in Tehran during the academic year 2018-2019 was utilized to select five universities (Azad North, Center, South, Science and Research, and Medical Science). Subsequently, 400 students were selected as sample members using the available sampling method. Subsequently, 400 students were chosen using the available sampling procedure. They responded voluntarily to Eating Disordered Behavior Scale (EAT-26), Hill Perfectionism (HPI), Childhood Trauma Scale (CTQ), Internalized Shame (ISS). Finally, 324 questionnaires were incorporated. Analysis of the data was performed with SPSS-24 and Amos. The findings from the path analysis indicated that shame predicted eating disorders and mediated the relationship between childhood trauma, perfectionism, and eating disorders. Shame was identified as the mediating factor in this relationship. Individuals who experienced childhood traumatization appear to resort to compensatory behaviors, such as disordered eating, to regain a positive self-image and alleviate feelings of shame. An undesirable body image and feelings of shame can further exacerbate perfectionism, which may manifest as extreme behaviors like eating disorders as an attempt to attain an idealized appearance.

This study aimed to predict academic procrastination based on academic resilience, intolerance of uncertainty, and positive and negative perfectionism with the mediating role of experiential avoidance. The method of this research is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of all male and female students of Payame Noor University of Isfahan who were studying in the first semester of 2019-2020. The sample group consisted of 200 people who were selected by purposive sampling. Subjects completed Solomon and Ruth Bloom's Academic Procrastination Scale (1984), Samoels Academic Resiliency Questionnaire (2004), Freeston et al Uncertainty Intolerance Questionnaire (1994), Try-short et al perfectionism scale, and Bond Experience Avoidance Questionnaire (2007). In order to analyze the data, SPSS-22, and AMOS-20 software’s and to confirm the research model, structural equation modeling was used. The results showed that resilience and positive perfectionism had a significant and inverse relationship with academic procrastination and intolerance of uncertainty, experiential avoidance and negative perfectionism had a significant and positive relationship with academic procrastination (P<0.01). The mediating role of experiential avoidance on the relationship between uncertainty intolerance and positive and negative perfectionism with academic procrastination was also confirmed. Therefore, in order to reduce students' academic procrastination and prevent its impact on academic performance, it is suggested to promote academic resilience, positive perfectionism and reduce uncertainty intolerance, negative perfectionism, and avoid the experience.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the moderating role of birth order in the relationship between mothers' emotional maturity and perfectionism and children's anxiety in first period of elementary school. This research was a descriptive study of causal-correlation type. The statistical population of this study consisted of all mothers whose children were studying in the first period of elementary school in Ardakan city. Among these, 327 people were selected based on availability of participants. To collect information, Spence Child Anxiety Scale-Parent version (SCAS-P) (1999), Emotional Maturity Scale (EMS) (1990) and Ahvaz Perfectionism Scale (1999) were used. Finally, statistical data was analyzed using Spss-26 and Amos-24 software. The research findings indicate the existence of a direct and significant relationship between mothers' negative perfectionism and children's anxiety, as well as a direct and significant relationship between mothers' emotional immaturity and children's anxiety. The moderating role of birth order in the relationship between perfectionism and children's anxiety was not significant. The moderating role of birth order was significant in the relationship between emotional immaturity and children's anxiety. Based on the findings of the present study, the order of children's birth has a moderating role in the relationship between mothers' emotional maturity and children's anxiety, and in general, it can be said that the effect of mothers' emotional immaturity on the level of anxiety in first children is more severe than in middle and last children.

The aim of present study was to develop a model of cognitive regulation of emotion based on perfectionism with the mediation of the behavioral activation and inhibition system.

The research was descriptive-correlation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all undergraduate students of Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamadan city who were studying in this university in the academic year of 1400-1401, according to the size of the population (7685) and using Morgan's table, 382 students (258 female and 124 male) were selected by available sampling method and considering the research criteria.The research tools included the cognitive emotion regulation scale by Garnofsky et al. (2001), the perfectionism scale by Terry Short et al. (1995), and the behavioral activation and inhibition system scale by Carver and White (1994). SPSS version 22 software was used for data analysis and Lisrel version 8.8 software was used to test the relationships between variables and final hypotheses.

The results showed that the explanatory model of the cognitive regulation of emotion based on perfectionism with the mediating role of the behavioral activation and inhibition system has a favorable fit (p<0.01). Also, behavioral activation and inhibition systems play a significant mediating role between perfectionism and cognitive emotion regulation (p<0.01). The findings of this research indicate that Perfectionism and factors such as behavioral activation and inhibition system play an important role in the cognitive regulation of emotion.