جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « age » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

Worrying about not getting married and ending up in absolute being single has led to the emergence of a psychological problem called the fear of being single. The present study aimed to investigate the moderating role of age and gender in the relationship between emotional intelligence and the fear of being single in college students. The study was conducted using a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population included all students of the University of Tehran in the academic year 2019-2020. A total of 415 people were selected as the sample using the convenience sampling method. The data collection tools included Spielman’s Fear of Being Single Scale (FOBS) (2013) and Bar-On’s Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) (1997), which were distributed and completed online. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Hayes’ adjustment method with SPSS-25 software. The results of statistical analysis showed that age moderates the relationship between emotional intelligence and the fear of being single. However, gender does not play a moderating role in the relationship between emotional intelligence and the fear of being single. According to the results of the present study, the relationship between emotional intelligence and the fear of being single is more than a simple linear relationship, and it is possible to take steps to prevent and treat the fear of being single by developing programs and interventions based on strengthening emotional intelligence.

The purpose of this research is to assess cognitive-communicative abilities in healthy young and elderly individuals, as well as patients with right hemisphere damage (RHD). The nature of this quantitative study’s methodology was casual-comparative. In Persian, 18 RHDs aged 53 to 75 (7 females and 11 males) and 54 healthy individuals aged 30 to 45, 45 to 60, and 60 to 75 who resided in Tehran in 2021 were evaluated. The subjects were selected using a method of convenience sampling. The Selective Attention Test (SAT), the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), the Bedside version of Persian WAB (P-WAB-1), the Ironic Process Test (IPT), and the . SPSS version 25 was used to conduct a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the data. On memory, selective attention, semantic judgment, proverb perception, and irony perception tests, the functional difference between RHDs and healthy individuals is statistically significant (P< 0.05)Memory and selective attention evaluations reveal a statistically significant (P<0.05) functional difference between the healthy 60-75-year-olds and the two healthy 30-45 and 45-60-year-old groups. In the ironic process test, the functional difference between the healthy group aged 60-75 and the healthy group aged 45-30 is significant (P<0.05). On the semantic judgment and proverb perception tests (P>0.05), there is no statistically significant difference between the 60-75-year-old healthy group and the 30-45 and 45-60-year-old healthy groups. Cognitive resources hypothesis can explain the poor communicative-cognitive test performance of RHDs compared to healthy individuals and the inferior performance of healthy elderly individuals compared to healthy younger individuals.

This study aimed to explore and explain Iranians’ understanding of wisdom and the role of ethnicity, gender, age, and academic status in their understanding of it. The study adopts both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The research domain included all above-20 years old Iranians. Taking care of saturation in each ethnicity group, three hundred twenty-eight individuals (134 females and 194 males) were selected through convenience sampling. The participants, coming from different ethnicities including Farses, Azerbaijani Turks, Kurds, Lurs, Baluchis, and Turkmen answered a researcher-developed open-ended questionnaire. Findings suggested that ‘intellectuality’, ‘morality’, ‘civilization’, ‘performance’ and ‘spirituality’ make up different wisdom dimensions in Iranian society. Findings also revealed that unlike gender and age factors, ethnicity and academic status were related to individuals’ understanding of wisdom. Differences were observed between different ethnicities in how much emphasis they place on intellectuality and spirituality dimensions of wisdom; Kurds and Turks emphasized civilization and Lurs and Arabs highlighted spirituality dimension more than other ethnicities. Individuals with higher academic status emphasized intellectuality, civilization, and performance, while those with lower academic status tended to highlight morality and spirituality dimensions of wisdom. Overall, findings suggested that a thorough understanding of wisdom and its constituting elements/components is not easy since it is a complicated and multidimensional notion. On the other hand, the attempt to understand individuals’ understandingof wisdom in a non-Western context and among Iranian ethnicities revealed new dimensions of the construct (i.e., spirituality and morality) that had not been addressed properly before.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of age and swimmers’ levels of somersaults skills on mental rotation. This study was conducted as a comparative causal research with a one-stage and post-event design. Participants were female swimmers in Shiraz, who were trained in somersaults.  Sixty subjects were selected by the purposive sampling method and then divided into four groups (a group of 7 to 9-year-olds with low skills, a group of 7 to 9-year-olds with high skills, a group of 10 to 12-year-olds with low skills, and a group of 10 to 12-year-olds with high skills). The salto skill level was determined based on the average score of three judges. To measure mental rotation, the pen and image paper test (with a reliability of 0.75 by Cronbachchr('39')s alpha method) was used. The results showed that there was no significant difference in mental rotation scores between age groups (p = 0638). However, the scores of mental rotation showed a significant difference between the two groups of skill level (P = .0001). Moreover, mental rotation changed with different skill levels. Therefore, it is possible to change mental characteristics of athletes, including mental rotation by means of skill training.

The aim of this study is to compare the aesthetic schemas of people aged 20-16 to 55-60 years based on age and gender. The method of this research was of comparative causal type. The statistical population included all men and women aged 55-60 and boys and girls aged 16-20 in Tehran in 2019 to 900,000 people who were selected using random cluster sampling method from 22 districts of Tehran to 400 people. Were. In this study, the researcher-made questionnaire of age and gender-related aesthetic schemas (Bahrami et al., 2018) was used. The statistical method of this research is independent T-test. The findings showed differences in aesthetics schemas in people aged 16-20 and 55-60 years. Beauty schemas (F=7/962, (P<0/05), Beauty Criteria (F=18/867, (P <0/05), Face and Face Members (F=5/114, (P<0/05), Limb (F=5 /211, (P <0/05), clothing and accessories (5 / 166, P <0/05).). Also between the aesthetic schemas of people aged 16-20 and 55-60 years in There is a significant difference between the two sexes, and there was a significant difference between girls and boys in addition to the general criteria of beauty. Beauty schemas (F=1.715, P<0.05), general criteria of beauty (F=9.217), P>0/05), face and facial organs (F= 0.056, P <0.05), limb (F= 0.336, P <0.05)), clothing and accessories (F= 3.369, P< 0/05). Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the reason for the difference in the aesthetic schemas of 16 to 20 and 55 to 60 people in both sexes is that the beauty criteria in terms of adolescents and young people should be in line with fashion, and basically this Schemas are more common among younger people than older people, which could be due to the proliferation of social networks and the Internet in today's younger generation.

Attention to importance of university students presence who are the future of a country, it is important to perpend to students' motivation and factors of increase and decrease. This study was conducted to determine of effective factors on students' motivation decrease. This study is sectional-analytical that survey relationship between the decline of academic motivation and variables of age, gender, type of university and busyness. The statistical population includes all 570 students who have been dropped out of the educational system in the 2015s and who were extracted from the educational system. the sampling method is census-based. for analyze of data was used statistical method of three-level regression. was implemented data analysis and model fitness in SAS software version 9.1. The results of the findings showed that the average number of dropping out of school were 23 people. age, gender, type of university has no significant effect on students' motivation (p = 0.506; 0.185; 0.145) but was significant the relationship between busyness and drop out of school (p = 0.003). Namely unemployment and lack of busyness was reason for drop out of school. Taking into account the dependency between data and use multilevel regression model were employed to find a random effect of busyness variable that indicates to busyness problem and concerns not getting employment in the future is reason to reduce the students motivation in studying. and the use of multilevel models reveal this the difference. Educational authorities should consider the issue of job counseling and unemployment as an important issue.

  This study aims to investigate the children’s role in the families’ purchase decision-making process on the basis of eight different products classes and three subdecisions. This study is applied in field of purpose, a descriptive survey in field of data collection. The population in this study consists of all parents with 5-13 years-old children in Qazvin that based on the Cochran formula in the unlimited statistical population, 196 people were surveyed by questionnaire as sample size. In addition, ordinal regression was used by SPSS software to investigate the relationship between independent variables of research and understanding the effect of children on product purchasing decision making. According to research findings, children can have different effects depending on the subdecisions of purchase; children who have initiating role than children without this role, have a greater effect on the subdecisions. Moreover, finding showed that children have a lot of influence on the families’ purchase decision-making process, especially purchasing products that are personal and have little financial risk. In addition, older children are more effective than younger children and their gender has an insignificant effect on family decision making. Conclution: In general, results of this study indicated the importance of the children’s role in the families’ purchase decision-making process and can provided new insights to organizations to designing and positioning their products effectively by focusing on the important role of children

Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a subset of In vitro fertilization (IVF) and is used for the sperm and ovum in environments that are normally not fertilized. Various factors affect the success rate of this procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors influencing the success rate of ICSI in women referring to Mehr Infertility Research Center of Rasht, Guilan, Iran.

In a cross-sectional study, 474 infertile women who undergoing ICSI during the years 2013 to 2014 were studied in Mehr Infertility Research Center, Rasht. Data was including age, weight, smoking and alcohol history, Infertility duration, cause of infertility, type of infertility, the number of transferred embryos, number of previous ICSI and frozen/fresh embryo. In order to analyze the data, T-test and Chi-square tests were used. In this study, P ˂0.05 was considered significant.

Body mass index, infertility years, number of previous ICSI, infertility cause, infertility type and the kind of transferred embryos had no effect on the success or failure of pregnancy with ICSI. The average age of individuals without success was significantly higher than the average age of individuals (p = 0.012). The average number of embryos transmitted in the successful pregnancy group was significantly more unsuccessful (P = 0.0001).

Infertility centers can increase the rate of successful pregnancy at an earlier age by transferring more fetuses

Parenting styles play a major role in determining the life styles of adolescents and that is why they share a special significance. The present study was done with the aim to investigate adolescents’ perceived parenting styles based on their gender and age. The study was conducted by a post-event method and with a sample size of 623 subjects (311 female and 312 male), who were selected by the multistage sampling method. Data were analyzed, after being collected by the Baumrind Parenting Styles Questionnaire, using multivariate analysis of variance. The results indicated that the main effects of gender and age are significant at 0.01 level. Parents’ interaction with boys is more authoritarian and with girls more authoritative; also compared with adolescents less than 17 years, they interact with adolescents 17 years old more permissively. The interaction effects of gender and age were significant at 0.05 level only in the permissive parenting style. This means that unlike the girls, parents use more and more the permissive parenting style along with increasing age of adolescent teenage boys. It was concluded that the interaction patterns of parents with children are not fixed and these patterns vary according to gender and age of the children.

The current research was conducted by the aim of studying the moderator role of age, Intelligence, and gender in relation to the Executive functions and reading function of elementary students.The sample included 250 students (124 boys and 126 girls) in elementary level that were selected by Multi-stage cluster sampling method among students of Karaj. Different functions were measured as these: Reading through reading test of Karami-noori and Moradi, intelligence by Raven's Progressive Matrices, working memory by Memory span test, attention by Continuous Performance Test, and planning and inhibition by Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions (brief). Statistical methods of Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used.The correlation results showed that there is a positive and significant relation between executive functions (working memory, inhibition, subjective planning, and attention) and reading. Regression analysis result showed that intelligence and gender have not a moderator role in the relation of executive functions and reading. But, age had a moderator role in the relation of executive functions and reading. The results of this research was consistent with Miyake's theory that believes executive functions are separate but related to each other, and individual differences of the students in these functions should be considered, because they affect their school performance.
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Todays, emotional intelligence has considered as an important case in psychological area. The studies in this area have showed that emotional intelligence and its components play the role in different aspects of person life, age, occupation and social relationships.
This study was correlation – description. 120 employed Entezami staff of Tehran NAJA in three age groups 20-30, 31-40 and 41-50 years old have selected by simple random sampling. It was evaluated by standardized Questionary Bar- on s emotional intelligence and sociological speciality questionary. It used multi variable variance analysis and T coefficient for analyzing research hypothesis.
results of comparing average between research variables scores in three groups showed that emotional intelligence scores increase along with increasing age and staff in 31-40 and 41 to up age groups compairing 20-30 age group have attained upper scores in scales components of problemsolving, independence, psychological pressure (stress) tolerance, self- actualization , emotional self – consciousness, realistic, interpersonal relations,self- esteem, control impulses, flexibility, responsibility. Also compare scores of subscales, happiness (well- being) optimism, empathy and self- expression have showed that three groups have no meaningful difference with each other. Because, computed meaningful interval (level) was more than criteria value (0.003).
To the purpose reaching to high level of job function, addition to general recognititve capacity, individual should attain to appropriate development in the aspects such as control emotions and affects, in other words, employed staff of NAJA will not be able to do police job well and interaction with people without attaining to emotional intelligence components.

The present study investigated the effects of instruction and reinforcement on preschool children's decision making. The participants were 94 children(48 boys, 46 girls) ages between 4 and 6 years selected from preschools of Shiraz. In the first phase, the Iranian Adapted Pre-school Short Form of Wechsler Intelligence Scale (Razavieh and Shahim, 2008) administered to participants. Then, the participants were assigned randomly into instruction, reinforcement and control groups and completed the Decision Making Task (Howse, 2003). The results indicated that children who were in the instruction group performed better in their decision making in comparison with reinforcement and control groups. The age moderated the effect of instruction on decision making strategies. The findings suggested that appropriate teaching strategies may promote preschool children’s decision making.