جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "autism" در نشریات گروه "روانشناسی"

 The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of computer-based cognitive rehabilitation tasks (Brain Gym) with and without transcranial electrical stimulation on eye tracking and neuropsychological functions in children with high-functioning autism.

 This research used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest-follow-up design with three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). The statistical population included children with high-functioning autism at Tarab School in Tehran in 2024. A total of 30 participants were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. Both experimental groups received ten 50-minute sessions of computer-based cognitive rehabilitation tasks, with one group receiving transcranial electrical stimulation and the other without. The control group received no intervention. The instruments included the Autism Spectrum Quotient (Ehlers et al., 1999), the Neuropsychological Function Assessment (Korkman et al., 1998), and eye trackers for eye tracking measurement. Data were analyzed using mixed ANOVA with SPSS-v22.

 The results indicated significant differences between the experimental groups in terms of eye tracking and executive functions/attention components. The group that received cognitive rehabilitation with transcranial electrical stimulation showed greater improvements compared to the group without stimulation.

 Cognitive rehabilitation with transcranial electrical stimulation can have a positive impact on eye tracking and executive functions/attention in children with high-functioning autism, showing greater effectiveness compared to non-stimulation methods.

The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mind awareness of depression and psychological flexibility of mothers with children with autism. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all mothers who were referred to the autism center in Ray City in 1402. The statistical sample consisted of 30 mothers who were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). Data collection tools included Beck's depression questionnaires (1979, BDI-II) and Dennis and Vanderwaal's (2010, CFI) psychological flexibility. The experimental group underwent cognitive therapy based on mindfulness for 8 sessions (90 minutes), while the control group did not participate in any session. The research data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance at a significance level of 0.05. Data analysis showed that by controlling the pre-test effect, there was a significant difference between the post-test mean of depression and psychological flexibility in the two experimental and control groups at the level of 0.05. As a result, the method of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness can be used to reduce depression and increase the flexibility of mothers with autistic children.

Autism disorder as a neuro-developmental disorder is always associated with weaknesses in memory and mental retention in children with this disorder. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the effectiveness of computer-based cognitive intervention on explicit and implicit memory and ability. Mental maintenance was performed in children with autism. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all the children with autism disorder in 2023 to the medical centers in Tehran. Among them, 30 children were purposefully selected and randomly placed in two experimental groups (15) and control (15). Computer-based cognitive intervention was given individually in 10 sessions of 50 minutes during four weeks on the experimental group. Done. Accomplished. If the control group did not receive any intervention in the field of computer-based cognitive rehabilitation. Research tools included open and latent memory tests and mental fluid maintenance task. Data analysis was done using covariance analysis tests in SPSS version 26 software. The results showed that computer-based cognitive intervention was significant in improving explicit and implicit memory and mental maintenance in children with autism (p<0.001). Considering that one of the most important goals of education and rehabilitation of children with autism is their cognitive improvement. The use of computer-based cognitive intervention will be useful for improving their explicit and implicit memory and their ability to keep their minds.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of mindfulness training on self-conscious emotions (shame and guilt) and cognitive flexibility in mothers with children with autism spectrum disorder. The research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the research included all mothers with autistic children of Tabsem School in Mashhad in 2022. 30 people were selected by available sampling method and were replaced in two equal groups of 15 people and answered the research tools including cognitive flexibility questionnaire (Dennis and Vanderwaal, 2010) and self-conscious emotions questionnaire (Cohen et al., 2011). For the subjects of the experimental group, mindfulness training was implemented in 8 sessions, but the control group did not receive this program. Data analysis was done with descriptive statistics and covariance analysis with SPSS-26 statistical software. The results of the analysis of covariance showed that participation in the mindfulness training program in the post-test stage increased the cognitive flexibility score and decreased the self-aware emotions score in the experimental group, but in the scores of the subjects' cognitive flexibility variables and self-awareness emotions. No significant change was observed in the control group from pre-test to post-test. Therefore, the mindfulness program can be used to improve the psychological health of mothers with autistic children, and this method of intervention should be noticed by psychologists and experts in the field of mental health.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of combined compassion-focused therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on Adherence to treatment and Parenting Stress in mothers of autistic children in Khomeinishahr city in 2023. The research was semi-experimental in the form of pre-test-post-test with a control group. In this research, the purposeful sampling method was used, and from the statistical population, which consisted of all mothers with autistic children in Khomeinishahr, whose children were being educated at the Sarai Pakan center, 30 people were selected based on the inclusion criteria and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The tools were Parental Stress Questionnaire (PSI) (Abidin, 2018) and Adherence to treatment Questionnaire (Madanlu, 2012). After the pre-test, the experimental group was trained in 10 sessions of 90 minutes. Then, both groups were re-evaluated; The results were analyzed with spss software and covariance method. The results showed that the implemented treatment had an effect on the Adherence to treatment and parental tension in the post-test stage and the changes in the experimental group were statistically significant compared to the control group. (P<0.05) Also, the treatment was effective on the components of adherence to the treatment, integration with life, commitment to treatment and resourcefulness in the implementation of the treatment, and also on the components of parental stress, except relations with spouse, competence, depression, social isolation and reinforcement have been significant.

This study aimed to investigate and to deeply understand challenges of mothers with autism children in the encountering of Covid-19 epidemic. The current study applies qualitative method. Purposive sampling and information saturating criteria is utilized in this study. Data were gathered on semi-structured depth interviews in 2022 year with fourteen mothers who had had an autism child in Tehran. The trustworthiness of this study was evaluated by peer reviews and group member checks. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Challenges of mothers were categorized in five main themes and Seventeen sub themes. Main themes include: The cycle of failure, increased symptoms of the disorder, increased roles and more resentment of the mother, lacks of support and pressure of Corona etiquette were the causes of stress and aggravation of maternal problems. This research showed that a family with child autism involves severely financial costs and they have to spend a lot of time and energy. family members suffer from annoying child behaviors and society reactions and they even have had difficulty in doing routine. In addition, Challenges related with covid-19 pandemic including Hygienic protocols and quarantine restrictions have made the situation worse than before. Therefore, seeing the special needs of families with autism children in social policy, providing services of psycho-social support for this group of families in the face of crises, raising public awareness about autism and developing social services to reduce problem is essential for promoting family resilience.

Having a member with an autism spectrum disorder in the family creates a wide range of challenges and problems for the family members. The present study was conducted with the aim of discovering the thematic network of challenges and communication problems of families that have children with autism spectrum disorder. The research method was a qualitative approach with a thematic analysis method. The statistical population was families with autistic children (7 to 18 years old) in Isfahan city (240 families), eighteen families participated in the research. Participants were selected by purposeful sampling method. A depth semi-structured interview was used for collecting information. The results revealed 675 initial codes, 23 basic themes, five organizing themes, and one global theme. The extracted organizing themes were: social, personal, related to interaction with the child, lack of time and within the family issues. The global theme was also identified as the culture of avoiding autism. This research showed that pursuing an approach that encourages more acceptance of autism in the community can be the first step for improving the environment of destigmatization and reducing the culture of avoiding autistic individuals. In addition, cultural programs help raise awareness about autism and developmental disorders and also, could help to connect the families with early intervention resources

This study's aim was to compare the effectiveness of Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy and schema therapy on depression and anxiety in mothers with autistic children.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control and follow-up group for three months and the statistical population included all mothers of autistic children in educational and rehabilitation centers in Tehran in 2020. 45 people were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (15 people in each group). Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy sessions and schema therapy were held in 12 sessions of 60 minutes, individually, one session per week. Subjects completed Beck Depression Inventory (1996) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (1998) in the pre-test-post-test and follow-up stages. The data of the present study were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results showed that both intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy and schema therapy had reduced depression and anxiety compared to the control group and this effect was stable in follow-up (P<0.01). But intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy has further reduced depression compared to schema therapy. In contrast, the effect of the two treatments on anxiety at the level (P> 0.05) was not significant.

It was concluded that intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy is a more effective method to reduce depression in mothers with children with autism compared to schema therapy.

The present research was conducted with the aim of designing and compiling a combined program based on the theory of mind method and the flortime method and its effectiveness on social-communication skills and stereotyped behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorder.

The present research method is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) of sequential exploratory type. In the qualitative part with the approach of inductive content analysis, socio-statistics included all the valid scientific sources and articles indexed and related in the databases, and theoretical sampling and the saturation rule were used. In the quantitative part, the population of this research was all children aged 2 to 5 years with autism spectrum disorder who referred to Autism Center of Rafsanjan, who were willing to cooperate and participate in the meetings on behalf of themselves and their families. The sample included 5 children aged 2 to 5 years with autism spectrum disorder. These people were selected by purposeful sampling and investigated in a single-group study with a single-subject design. The research tool was Gilliam Gazer's (1994) questionnaire.

The results of the qualitative part of the research led to the development of a 12-session combined therapy package based on the theory of mind method and flortime method. The results of the quantitative part showed that the combined training method based on the theory of mind method and the flortime method had an effect on the social-communication skill components with an improvement percentage between 25 and 55%. The theory of mind method and the Flortime method have had an effect on the scores of stereotyped behaviors with a recovery percentage between 14 and 46%.

The conceptual model of the combined program based on the theory of mind method and the flortime method was developed based on the dimension of communication skills, the dimension of motor speech skills, the dimension of interpersonal skills and social interaction, and the dimension of emotion recognition. The results showed that the teaching method of the combined program based on the theory of mind method and the flortime method had an effect on social-communication skills and stereotyped behaviors.

The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting life satisfaction based on resilience, coping styles and acceptance of sick children in parents with children with autism.

In terms of method, the current research was an applied and descriptive-correlation research. The statistical population of this research included all families with autistic children in Qom province in 1400 and the statistical sample of this research was 108 households. Sampling was done as available. Data collection tools were Diener et al.'s life satisfaction questionnaires (1985), Connor and Davidson's resilience scale (2003), coping strategies of Lazarus and Folkman's (1984), and the questionnaire of Hamilton,I. McCubbin et al. (1991)for coping with child's illness by parents,. (1991). Data were analyzed using regression method by SPSS 25 software.

The results showed that there are significant relationships between the research variables at the 0.95% confidence level, and resilience, coping styles and acceptance of the child's illness predicted 0.18% of the changes related to life satisfaction.

Based on the research findings, life satisfaction is affected by resilience, coping styles and acceptance of sick children by parents.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of applied behavior analysis training on social anxiety and aggression in children with autism in Zahedan city. This research is practical in terms of purpose and semi-experimental in terms of execution method with a pre-test-post-test design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this research includes all children with autism spectrum disorder in the age range of 8 to 12 years who refer to treatment centers and rehabilitation clinics in Zahedan city, using the available sampling method, 8 children with autism spectrum disorder as Statistical samples were selected from the target population and were randomly divided into 2 equal groups (including an experimental group and a control group). Data collection was done by holding practical behavior analysis training sessions and also presenting Connor's social anxiety questionnaire and children's hostility and aggression questionnaire (proactive/reactive). The obtained data were analyzed using levene, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and covariance tests. The results indicated the significant effect of applied behavior analysis training in reducing social anxiety and aggression in children with autism in Zahedan city. Therefore, in the field of treatment and education, it is possible to benefit from applied behavior analysis according to its nature and function.