جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « individual » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

Due to the sensitivity of childhood and adolescence, it is necessary to study the underlying factors to prevent psychological and social harm, such as the sexual abuse of children and adolescents.

This study aimed to investigate the lived experience of children and adolescents about individual and family factors that underlie sexual abuse.

The approach of the present study was qualitative. Its strategy was phenomenological. A targeted sampling of critical cases, 15 children and adolescent victims have chosen who experienced sexual harassment and abuse and were referred to the Legal Medicine Center in Tehran, was completed based on theoretical saturation. The data collection process was during 2019. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. It was audio-recorded, and the content was converted into text. Then, the data were as concepts and categories. The research team, including the researcher, supervisors, and consultants, confirmed the validity of the interview tool. Also, the Participants confirmed the correctness of the coding process.

Research Findings showed that the main factors in the occurrence of abuse were (1) individual factors (misplaced trust, relationship with strangers, simplicity, stress, loneliness, inappropriate coverage, disregard for parental advice, and emotional dependence); And (2) family factors (poor relationship with parents, parental separation, parental strictness, busy motherhood, inconsideration by parents, poor parental supervision, running away from home, and fear of parents).

individual and family categories and comparing the results with the research background, identifying to prevent the underlying cause of sexual abuse.

The aim of this study was to investigate the individual factors affecting the non-suicidal self-injury in adolescence. The research method was qualitative and phenomenological type. The statistical population of the study was 13-5 year old girls of Shiraz in 2020 that experienced non-suicidal self-injury. The sampling method was non-probability purposive method and the sample size according to data saturation criteria was 20 adolescent girls aged 13 to 15 years who had experienced non-suicidal self-injury. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The data analysis process was performed in three coding steps (open, axial, selective) through which the main codes and categories were identified. The results of the study revealed that the individual factors affecting adolescents' self-harm are: thoughts (selfdissatisfaction, identity, religion), emotions (feeling lonely, feeling misunderstood, temporary mental discharge, depression, anger, anxiety, hatred and repression) and behaviors (styles of coping, attracting attention, manipulating). Among these factors, the role of emotions was substantial and fundamental. In general, the results obtained can help counselors in dealing with adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury. Also, the results can be used in the development and implementation of new treatment plans.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of transactional analysis approach on individual and social adjustment and problem-solving styles of secondary school students. The research method was quasi-experimental with post-test pre-test design with control group. First, the pre-test was performed on both groups using research tools, then the experimental group intervention was performed in 60- 90-minute group sessions with an transactional analysis approach, and finally the post-test was completed again by both groups. The statistical population included all girls’ secondary school students in Firoozabad in the 6 months of autumn and winter of 2019 who were studying in the schools of this city. The sample size was 30 people who were selected by available sampling method and were randomly assigned to two groups of 15 experimental and control groups. Research tools included a Singha & Sing adjustment (1993) and Cassiddy & Long problem-solving questionnaires (1996). The results showed that the mean of adjustment scores and individual and social adjustment components in the experimental group posttest compared to the control group increased significantly. It also showed t that the mean scores of constructive problem-solving styles in the post-test in the experimental group compared to the control group increased significantly. Also, the mean scores of non-constructive problem-solving styles in the post-test in the experimental group compared to the control group have decreased significantly. It can be concluded that counseling with a transactional analysis approach is effective on individual and social adjustment and problem-solving styles of secondary school students.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between moral identity and cognitive styles with individual and social adjustment in female high school students in Abadeh Tashk. The statistical population of this study included all female high school students in Abadeh Tashk (150) per year in 2020. In this study, according to the framework of the statistical population, 108 students were selected. Moral identity, cognitive styles and individual and social adjustment questionnaires were used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaires was assessed and confirmed using content validity and reliability by Cronbach's alpha. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation statistics and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The results showed that, among the components of cognitive styles, between the components of the learning method through watching and individual-social adaptation and between the components of the learning method through thinking and individual-social adaptation and between the components of the learning method through I did and individual-social adaptation established a positive relationship, among the components of moral identity, a positive relationship was established between the component of internalization and individual-social adaptation and between the components of symbolism and individual-social adaptation. The variables of cognitive styles in terms of components (the method of learning through thinking and the method of learning through doing) were able to positively predict the variable of individual-social adjustment. The variable of moral identity in terms of components (internalization and symbolization), Were able to positively predict the variable of individual-social adjustment.

Clinical education plays a fundamental role in shaping medical students’ basic skills and professional abilities, so understanding its current status can help us provide a platform for improving their performance in the future. The present study was conducted to identify the cognitive factors affecting clinical education quality at the Ramsar campus.

The present research was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 181 cases in 2019. Sampling was performed by census method. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire that included demographic information plus studentschr('39') and professorschr('39') viewpoints on clinical education. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square and independent t-test in SPSS-18.

In this study, 69.23% of the students were female and 46% of the professors were male. Also, 80% of teachers and 50.64% were married. There was a significant relationship between the test’s assumptions, which includes the individual characteristics of the subject, the individual characteristics of the teacher, the clinical environment, educational planning, and the clinical evaluation variable (P<0.05).

According to the findings, accurate and concise implementation of the existing curriculum, providing an appropriate educational environment and awaking professors, and hospital personnel about their responsibility regarding students and their duties can improve the quality of clinical education.

Increasing the probability of getting divorce is one of the most ominous facts and most dangerous things that can really damage the health of each society. Therefore, the present study aims to identify and represent individual indicators affecting the probability of harming divorce, which in a descriptive and qualitative phenomenological method is used. The research sample includes all marriage couples referring to Khorasan Razavi Health Center and all divorce applicants referring to welfare intervention centers. Participants included 15 engaged couples, 20 couples applying for divorce, selected by targeted sampling method. The criteria for entering the study for marriage applicants were: aged 18 to 40 years old, upper secondary education, first marriage and Tend to participation in research, and in divorced applicants, in addition to the above, the duration of marital life was considered to be a maximum of 10 years. In- depth and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The interviews were collected and recorded in a 6-month period and analyzed using the seven-step strategy that resulted to analysis of 579 primary codes, 25 sub-components and 7 main components affecting the probability of harming divorce including temperament, intellectual and psychological maturity, individual skills, individual beliefs, lifestyle, personality disorders, and characteristics appearance.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of emotions-oriented therapy on subjective well-being and socio-personal adjustment of divorced women member of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation of Paveh. From the statistical population, 30 people were selected by convince sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Emotion-focused therapy was performed for 9 sessions of 45 minutes each on the experimental group and control subjects were placed on the waiting list. The research tools were California Social Adjustment (1953) and Life Satisfaction Scale (1985). Multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data. The results showed that emotional therapy was effective on mental well-being and individual socio-personal adjustment. The exerted procedure led to increased satisfaction with life, individual adaptability and social adjustment in the experimental group.

The Present study aimed at comparing resilience and ambiguity tolerance in individual and group athletes. The participants consisted of 200 male and female athletes of soccer, volleyball, taekwondo and swimming who were selected by multistage random sampling method. Subjects responded to Resilience Questionnaire of Connor Davidson (2003) and Ambiguity Tolerance Questionnaire of McDonald (1975). To analyze data, Multivariate Analysis of Variance test was used. The results showed a significant difference in resilience and ambiguity tolerance between individual and group athletes (p˂0.05). Also, there was a significant difference in resilience and ambiguity tolerance between these two groups with regard to gender (p˂0.05). According to the results of this study, resilience and ambiguity tolerance influenced success of individual and group athletes; therefore, it seems necessary to find ways to reduce and control ambiguity in sport performance of athletes.

This research aims to predict creativity according to individual and contextual variables of Sternberg’s investment theory among Iranian university students. For this reason the sample of 400 bachelor students (202 girls and 198 boys) were selected from various faculties of Tehran city Universities using random multi-stage cluster sampling. Research instrument was Multifaceted Assessment of Creativity questionnaire (Zhang and et al., 2011) in two forms of assessing school girls and boys. This instrument measures the extent to which people take into account the 6 resources of intelligence, knowledge, intellectual styles, personality, motivation, and environment for creativity through evaluating 30 hypothetical students. Results of step wise regression showed that predictor variables of intelligence, intellectual styles and environment can indicate 79 percent of changes in school judgment and variables of intelligence, motivation and intellectual styles can indicate 85 percent of changes in my judgment about students’ creativity. The remarkable point based on the results is that in predicting school judgment, environment variable and in predicting self-judgment, motivation variable is significant which its explanation are discussed in the article.

A sample of 636 high school students was selected from among all such students attending schools in at-risk districts of Tehran, using cluster sampling method. Drug Use Questionnaire with 0.88 reliability and Risk Factors Questionnaire with reliability of 0.91, were used to collect data. Data analysis yielded the following factors as significant predictors of drug abuse: self-control, student attitude, social skills, family ties, school relationships, and parental attitude towards drug use. Thus, any intervention aimed at reducing drug abuse among this group of students must take these factors into account.

Purpose of present study was to investigating the individual، family، school، and peers risk and protective factors related to smoking in Tehran sity`s smoker students (SS) and non-smoker students (NSS). “Adolescents Substance Use Prevention Scale” was administered upon 698 high schools 14-19 aged students، who were selected based on the multistage cluster sampling. The collected data was analyzed by chi-square and MANOVA. Research findings indicate impulse control، acting out of anger، intra-inter emotional intelligence، desire and curiosity to try new substance; and secure attachment to father and mother، family member`s smoking، family structure and maternal employment; and attitudes to school، academic status of students during the last 12 month، academic status of friends، friends’ attitude to substance، inhibitive behavior of friends toward smoking and substance، and friends cigarette smoking in SS were higher than NSS. According to the results of this study can be said that prevention programs should enhance parental awareness، giving awareness to the Children how to choose and communicate with their friends، and the monitoring their friendship.

ne of the most important needs of human is achievement to perfection, accomplishment and success. Significant part of our country population is related to young people and one of the factors to maintain young people fresh is achievement to success during various stages of life. The present research is performed with the goal of comparative evaluation of success metaphors among top grades, middle grades and who were not accepted in university entrance exam of 2008. Therefore, 150 candidates of university entrance exam of 2008 have been selected (50 top grades, 50 middle grades and 50 unaccepted from 5 test groups). By this, from top grades of 1-20, and from middle grades of 1000-1500 and from who were not accepted as above 30000, the persons have been selected by sampling method. Then, metaphors were evaluated using content analysis method, descriptive type. Therefore, below results have been archived: Top grades noted to individual factors, middle grades noted to individual and environmental factors and who were not accepted noted to environmental factors. Also, among effective factors to the success of these three groups, the external unfavorable conditions were meaningful to who were not accepted and other factors were common among them. As successful and unsuccessful people are defined based on university entrance exam grades, these results are specified to these groups and not generalized to other groups with different success definition and any conclusions should be provided as conservative.

This research was conducted to compare individual and conjoint Solution-Focused Therapy on marital conflicts. The research population included all couples referred to Ahvaz Counsel Centers for problem disclosure. The sample consisted of 33 couples (from 150 couples) who were randomly selected. In this study, the individual and conjoint couple therapy is considered as independent variables and marital conflicts as dependent one. The instrument was Marital Conflict Questionnaire. The design of this study was pretest-post test with control group. All subjects answered the questionnaire and then the experimental groups received intervention (during 7 sessions). At post test stage, 3 groups answered the questionnaire again. One-way ANOVA and (HSD) Tukey were used to analysis data. Probable error of α=0.05 was also used to find the significance of the differences. The results showed that individual and conjoint methods reduce the marital conflict among couples in the experimental groups. Sexual relationship was reduced more by individual and financial instruct reduced more by conjoint method. Applying of individual and conjoint methods had no significant difference on reduction of total marital conflicts and other sub-scales.

This article is going to study the effects of Individual and occupational awareness and entrepreneurship training programs on self-esteem and entrepreneurial trends of head house holder women in Tehran. Participants were 193 head house holder women, 18-58 years old selected randomly from four women centers in Tehran. Two centers were supported by Tehran Welfare Organization in East and west districts, one helped by Imam Khomeini Relief Committee, and another one was affliated to Mehr Women's NGO.Three questionnaires were given to a total number of 193 head house holder (81 women from East Welfare Center; 43 from West Welfare Center; 35 women from Relief Committee;and 34 from Mehr Women’s NGO). The instruments used in this study were Personal & Occupational Information Questionnaire; Coopersmith’s Self-Esteem Inventory; and Entrepreneurship Evaluation Questionnaire. In general, four sample groups Participated in awareness and entrepreneurship training programs for 280 hours (70 hours for each group). Design of the study was semi-experimental without control group.One week after the final session, post-test was given to all groups. Hypotheses of the study were: individual and occupational awareness and entrepreneurship training programs are effective on self-esteem and entrepreneurial trends of women; and there is relationship between self-esteem and entrepreneurial trends of women. In order to analyze the data descriptive statistics, such as mean, standard deviation; and inferential statistics including t-test, regression were employed.The results of the study indicate that, individual and occupational awareness and entrepreneurship training programs are effective on self-esteem and entrepreneurial trends of head house holder women. Also, there is positive and significant relationship between self-esteem and entrepreneurial trends of women.Finaly, it was suggested that individual and occupational awareness and entrepreneurship training programs are in need to encourage women to enter to the labor market.