جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "n" در نشریات گروه "روانشناسی"

Post-COVID-19 neurological sequelae may have a long-term negative impact on cognitive functions and quality of life in recovered patients. Cognitive stimulation based on computer tasks combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising approach to address cognitive impairments and consequently improve the quality of life in these individuals. However, research literature on the effectiveness of this combined method has gaps that require further investigation.

This study aimed to compare the impact of cognitive stimulation based on computer tasks with and without transcranial direct current stimulation on the health-related quality of life in recovered COVID-19 patients.

This research was conducted in the form of a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a one-month follow-up. The sample size of the study consisted of 45 patients recovered from covid-19 in Mashhad city, who were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into 3 groups of 15 including computerized cognitive stimulation group, computerized cognitive stimulation combined with single-site anodal electrical stimulation (tDCS) and computerized cognitive stimulation with artificial electrical stimulation (Sham). Participants completed the Weir and Sherburne (1992) SF-36 Health-Based Quality of Life Short Form before and after the intervention. Analysis of variance with repeated measurements and SPSS 24 software were used for data analysis.

Both methods of cognitive stimulation based on computer tasks alone and in combination with (tDCS) increased the average scores of the quality of life and its subscales in those who recovered from the acute stage of covid-19 (p=0.05)and this increase was stable in the one-month follow-up phase. In addition, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two treatments in improving the quality of life.

Computerized cognitive stimulation alone and together with transcranial brain stimulation can lead to improvement of health-related quality of life in those who have recovered from covid-19 disease. This enables us to enhance and update current rehabilitation programs to meet patient needs.

Differences between age groups is a very important issue that can be the source of various cultural and social phenomena and issues.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the intergenerational social capital and its dimensions among men and women in Tuyserkan city.

The research method was a survey and the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population included men and women over 15 years of age in Tuyserkan city in 2019, of which 392 were selected by cluster sampling.

Data analysis was done with ANOVA, Independent T-test, and Path Analysis in SPSS-25 software. The results showed that there is a difference between generations in terms of social capital and the older generation has more social capital; there is a difference between women and men in terms of social capital, and men have more social capital than women. There is a difference between age groups in terms of social capital, and the age group of 66 to 75 years has more social capital. Also, there is a relationship between income and social capital (P < 0.05).

In short, it can be said that there is a relationship between intergenerational variables, gender, age groups, income, type of job, marital status, level of education, place of residence, age of marriage, presence in society, and social capital; There is a difference between men and women as well as between different generations in terms of the variables of age of marriage, presence in society, economic capital, individual and social freedoms, social trust, and social mobility.

Trust between spouses is one of the fundamental pillars of family formation, and couples facing the aftermath of betrayal require, above all, the construction of trust to mend their marital relationships. A review of the literature in this area indicates a lack of indigenous models for building trust among couples impacted by infidelity.

The present research was conducted with the aim of providing a model of trust in couples affected by infidelity based on emotional schemas with the mediation of communication patterns and emotional expression.

The research method was correlation type which was done in the from of structural modeling. The statistical population of this study is made up of all couples affected by infidelity who visited the counseling centers of Nowshahr, Chalus and Tonekabon between May and August 2021 the sample of the research was (300) men and women injured by infidelity (240 women and 60 men) who were selected by the available sampling method and couples trust questionnaires (IRS) Rempel et al. (1985), emotional schema (LESS) Leahy (2002), communication patterns (CPQ) Christensen and Salavy (1984) and emotional expressiveness (EEQ) completed King and Emmons (1990). The resulting data were analyzed by Pearson correlation method and structural equations with SPSS 26 and AMOS 24 software.

The findings of the research showed that the presented conceptual model had a good fit and was approved. Also, the results showed that compatible and incompatible schemas have a direct and significant effect on communication patterns, emotional expression and trust of couples (P<0.05); Also, regarding the indirect effects, compatible schemas through the expression of positive emotion and incompatible schemas through the mediation of positive emotion expression and intimacy expression had an indirect and significant effect on couples' trust (P<0.01).

Considering the prominent role of trust, particularly trust restoration, in couples affected by infidelity, it is recommended to utilize the findings of this research to design and plan a psychotherapeutic intervention model. The aim is to enhance trust in couples impacted by infidelity, focusing on improving levels of adaptive emotional schemas, positive communication patterns, and effective emotional expression.

From the beginning, the assessment of psychological structures was divided under two headings, one personality assessment and the other talent assessment. Therefore, measuring personality is not only effective in knowing people, but it is a fundamental and elementary topic in psychometric science.

The current research was conducted with the aim of building a personality assessment tool based on existing personality questionnaires based on big data gathered from indipendent data sets.

The researchers used the correspondence analysis technique in the data obtained from independent groups with 32 personality questionnaires were implemented on different groups on the web. 829,880 people voluntarily answered 1,766 questions. The sample was men and women who were able to answer a web questionnaire. Age and gender variables were considered as anchor variables. To determine the membership of each question, the cos2 index was the selection criterion. All analyzes were performed with R software.

The results of the research showed that personality questionnaires have two dominant dimensions, the first dimension explains 60.5% of the total inertia variance and the second dimension explains 13.7% of the total variance (p<0.001). The first dimension was named "communication with people and things" and the second dimension was named "ignoring and avoiding".

In line with previous researches, two dominant dimensions were evaluated for personality questions and an algorithm of personality questions was obtained that can be used for premarital, clinical, career counseling, education and humanities research institutes. Many schools of psychology consider personality to have two dimensions.

A review of previous studies has shown that psychological factors such as disease acceptance and emotional self-regulation have a significant effect on the exacerbation of irritable bowel syndrome and its therapeutic consequences. Among the effective methods for increasing disease acceptance and improving emotional self-regulation, we can mention relaxation training and awareness and emotional expression training.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the efficacy of relaxation training and awareness and emotional expression training on disease acceptance and emotional self-regulation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

The current research design was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all patients with irritable bowel syndrome who referred to the gastroenterology Subspecialty offices in northwest Tehran from 2021 to July 2022, who had received the diagnostic criteria of irritable bowel syndrome. Using the purposeful sampling, 60 patients with irritable bowel syndrome were selected, And then they were randomly divided into three groups of 20 people (two experimental groups and one control group). The tools used in this research was the Chronic Illness Acceptance Questionnair (Beacham et al., 2015) and Emotional self-regulation (affective style) questionnaire (Hofmann & Kashdan, 2010). Also, for the first experimental group, relaxation training, For the second experimental group, awareness and emotional expression training in 8 sessions of 90 minutes it was held virtually. In order to analyze the research data, the Analysis of variance with repeated measures and SPSS-26 software was used.

The findings showed that compared to relaxation training, awareness and emotional expression training increase disease acceptance in people with irritable bowel syndrome. The difference in the efficacy of relaxation and awareness and emotional expression on the components of commitment to engaging in activities (P= 0.004) and Willingness to endure (P= 0.034) and consequently on the total score of disease acceptance (P= 0.001) was significant. Also, the results showed that relaxation training is not an effective method for improving emotional self-regulation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, however, the difference between the effect of relaxation training and awareness and emotional expression training on the factors of adjusting (P= 0.011), concealing (P= 0.001) and tolerating (P= 0.008) is significant.

Based on the findings of the present study, it seems awareness and emotional expression training is a more effective method to increase disease acceptance and improve emotional self-regulation in irritable bowel syndrome patients compared to relaxation training.

By relying on talents and abilities, instead of focusing on diseases, positive psychology has opened its place in psychology literature and has become more important with the increasing progress of societies and the spread of materialism. In Martin Seligman's theory, happiness is one of the most important concepts in positive psychology and refers to a person's feeling of happiness and satisfaction.

The current research was conducted with the aim of providing a model for happiness based on Martin Seligman perspective.

The method of the current research was qualitative, which was carried out using the grounded theory method. The statistical population in the review section of Seligman's theory was the content of the book "Prosperity of Positive Psychology: A New Understanding of the Theory of Happiness and Well-Being", all of its content was carefully examined by researchers, and in the expert section, the statistical population included all positive psychology specialists in Tehran. It was in 1402 that they were identified by snowball sampling and by asking the opinion of 10 of these experts, their opinions on the subject under study were examined.

In the present study, causal, contextual and intervening factors of happiness were identified. On the other hand, strategies for focusing on strengths, practicing gratitude, practicing acceptance of suffering, setting goals and weekly or monthly planning, establishing and maintaining positive relationships and meaningful connections with others, practicing living in the present and valuing the present moments and sports activities and mobility Physical activity was identified as a means of happiness. Finally, it was found that happiness brings various consequences, including improving mood, improving health, improving relationships, increasing creativity, success at work, maintaining mental balance, and increasing motivation.

The findings of the present study showed that Martin Seligman's genuine happiness is consistent with the opinion of experts in the field of positive psychology; Because both emphasize that happiness, satisfaction and inner peace can be achieved through spiritual connection with God and following religious and moral principles and a positive attitude towards life.

One of the most influential factors in creativity is brain waves. Among brain waves, alpha and theta waves are considered the most effective in fostering creativity in individuals. Alpha wave activity represents the dominant oscillatory activity of the human brain and is associated with fundamental and complex cognitive functions such as divergent thinking. Previous research has often conceptualized creativity as a cohesive concept that can be assessed using questionnaires, which may not seem sufficient for the underlying mechanism.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences in the patterns of alpha and theta brain waves in the posterior regions of the right hemisphere during divergent and convergent thinking.

The current study employed a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a two-month follow-up period. The research population consisted of all graduate students aged 20 to 46 years in psychology and cognitive sciences at Payam Noor University and the Cognitive Sciences Research Institute in 2023. The sample included 32 participants (16 men and 16 women) selected using purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental conditions (divergent and convergent). The research instruments included the Chapman Superiority Scale (Chapman, 1987), a 64-channel Ant EEG system, tasks for divergent thinking (snake counting, alternate uses), and tasks for convergent thinking (number counting, Tower of London).

The repeated measures analysis of variance showed significant differences between the two study conditions (divergent and convergent) in the posterior region. The difference between divergent and convergent conditions was statistically significant in favor of divergent thinking for both alpha (P< 0.05) and theta (P< 0.01) bands.

The findings of the present study can provide a basis for further investigations into brainwave neurofeedback and other quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) components, such as absolute power, coherence in other frequency bands, in relation to divergent and convergent thinking differences.

Fear of flying is one of the categories of phobias that can have a negative effect on people. This fear can be caused by many factors such as behavioral functions, brain and emotion regulation. Since air travel is safer than traveling with other vehicles, therefore, treating this disorder is very important.

This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of virtual reality program on behavioral functions, emotional regulation and brain functions by FNIRS in the treatment of aerophobia.

The current research design was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with an experimental group (virtual reality training) and a control group (13 people in each group) with a 1-month follow-up. The statistical population of this research included all people with fear of flying who were invited to cooperate in 1402 and 1403 in the city of Tehran through a call on Instagram and Telegram social networks. The fear of flying questionnaire (Bournas et al., 1999), emotion regulation questionnaire (Gross and John, 2003) and functional near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were used to collect data, as well as the 5-session protocol (One session per week and 60 minutes each session) virtual reality program was used for intervention. The data were analyzed with the methods of analysis of variance with repeated measurements and t-test. SPSS version 26 software was used for data analysis.

The findings indicated that the virtual reality program improved behavioral functions
(p< 0.01), but it had no significant effect on emotional regulation and brain activity indicators
(p> 0.01).

In general, the virtual reality program is very important in improving the fear of flying and can improve the behavioral functions of a person, and as a result, people can use the plane without fear of flying, and this method can be used to treat the fear of flying.

 Emotional expression is one of the main components in marital intimacy between spouses, which has a significant impact on the quality of marital life and intimacy between the couples. The aim of the present study was to describe the common perception of women with low intimacy about the quality of emotional expression of their husbands. The present research method was qualitative and phenomenological. The research sample included 9 married women in Tehran in 2021, who experienced low marital intimacy and were selected by volunteer sampling. To determine the level of intimacy of women, the emotional intimacy dimension of Personal Intimacy Assessment Questionnaire (PAIQ) was used and semi-structured interview was used to collect data, and this process continued until data saturation was reached. The data analysis was also performed according to the seven-step Colaizzi’s method. The findings of the research indicated the existence of five main themes: avoiding emotional expression, not paying attention to the needs of the spouse, limited and inappropriate expression, reactive emotional expression, and creating an emotional defensive barrier in front of the spouse. The present study showed that women with low intimacy perceive their spouses without appropriate self-disclosure and emotional expression. Based on the findings of the present research, it can be concluded that women with a low level of emotional intimacy perceive their husbands' emotional expression in a negative way, that they generally avoid their emotional expression or that they express their emotions in an inappropriate way in their marital relationships.

Having one or two addicted parents in the family creates a wide range of challenges and problems for family members, especially young ones on the verge of marriage. The present study was conducted with the aim of discovering the psychological and social challenges and problems of Afghan boys who are on the verge of marriage and have drug addicted parent and obtaining a network of the themes of these challenges and problems. The research method was qualitative and the research design was thematic analysis. The statistical population was Afghan boys on the verge of marriage with drug addict parent (18 to 23 years old) living in Kerman and its suburbs, among whom 11 young people participated in the research. The method of selecting participants was snowball. A semi-structured interview was used in order to collect information. The findings of the research showed 362 primary codes, 34 basic themes, 9 organizing themes and one overarching theme. The extracted organizing themes were: psychological problems, stigma and social problems, economic problems, legal and regulatory problems, training problems, optimism, resilience, Informative experience, compassion for children of addiction. The overarching theme was the equanimity of these young people. Young people with addicted parent(s) faces many problems, including psychological problems that can disrupt their marriage process. Psychological and educational interventions can be an effective strategy in the field of addiction prevention, help with depression and anxiety, and increase the tenacity and resilience of these young people. According to the findings of this research, it can be concluded that parental addiction has a negative effect on young people's marriage and their common life.

Neurotic perfectionism has a variety of psychological consequences that should be considered in psychotherapy applications. The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy (EFT) in alexithymia and idealistic marriage expectations in neurotic perfectionist girls. The research population consisted of neurotic perfectionist girls visiting counseling centers in Ahvaz. The participants were a sample of 5 girls selected using purposive sampling with a minimum cut-off score of 145 in the Neurotic Perfectionism Questionnaire (NPQ). This study was conducted using a single-case quasi-experimental design. The emotion-focused therapy (EFT) protocol (Goldman & Greenberg, 2015) was implemented in eleven 90-minute sessions. The participants completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Marriage. Expectation Scale (MES). The data were collected in three baseline, treatment, and follow-up phases, and were analyzed using the reliable change index (RCI), recovery rate, and visual drawing. The analysis of the recovery rate showed the participants’ alexithymia (10.58) and idealistic marriage expectations (12.98) improved in the treatment phase and their alexithymia (19.41) and idealistic marriage expectations (24.86) improved in the follow-up phase. Moreover, the reliability change index of both variables in the post-treatment and follow-up phases was significant (z=1.96; P = 0.05). Thus, emotion-focused therapy (EFT) reduces alexithymia and idealistic marriage expectations in neurotic perfectionist girls by confronting, expressing, and regulating emotions, and identifying and expressing desires and needs

miscarriage is not only a medical event but also a psychological event. The subject of Miscarriage remains silent in most societies and is considered a taboo subject. The purpose of this research was to investigate the lived experience of married men whose wives had an unintentional Miscarriage and who lived in the city of Khorramabad and Lorestan province in 1402. The present research method was a qualitative research method of phenomenological type. The participants were selected using a purposive non-random sampling method. The sampling process continued until theoretical saturation was reached and 10 married men were interviewed. The obtained data were analyzed using Giorgi''s descriptive method. Analyzing the lived experiences of the interviewees in the field of how to deal with unintentional Miscarriage led to the identification of 10 constitutive components, which include feelings of sadness and low mood, blame and guilt, attachment and loss, the supportive role of men, religious beliefs, destruction of dreams, marital conflicts, use of Counseling services, social support and self-care solutions. In general, it can be said that the experience of the participants has shown the deep impact of this event on the marital life of couples, and adaptation to this experience through family support, religious beliefs, etc. can help people to accept this issue and pass through this period.

The purpose of writing this article was to investigate the relationship between cultural globalization and marriage spaces, relying on the mediating role of modern identity.

The type of research was descriptive and the method was survey. The total sample consisted of 271 students of Al-Zahra University (S) who were married between 1398 and 1401, and this number was able to respond to the question of cultural globalization and modern identity. The collected data were analyzed and interpreted using SPSS and AMOS software and Pearson, regression and Sobel correlation tests.

In terms of influencing the dimensions of the dependent variable (spouse selection spaces), the highest rate was related to the relationship between individualism and the unsupervised spousal selection space (0.77); This means that the higher the level of individualism, the higher the number of unsupervised marriages and vice versa. The lowest level of correlation was also seen between the variables of using Iranian music and the atmosphere of passive surveillance in choosing a spouse (0.16). Also, relying on the Sobel test, it was determined that the value of this statistic in all variables is greater than ±1.96, and this means that the variable of modern identity has played a significant role as a mediator in the relationship between cultural globalization and spouse selection spaces.

Considering that the social behavior is being internalized from the moment of birth to the time of death, in order to improve the performance of people in the matter of choosing a spouse, the trustees of Sadr al-Ashara should be in the direction of identity formation and strengthening of traditional identity formation resources and also form a resistant identity in the face of identity. try to be modern and globalized. Also, the supervision of parents, along with the conscious choice of children, can be effective in the performance of choosing a spouse.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of future perspective education on goal orientation and academic hope in 11th grade male students of Baghmalek city (Iran).

The current experimental research design included a pre-test and post-test experiment with a control group. The population of this research included all 11th grade male students in Baghmalek city in the academic year of 1400-1401 (persian calendar). Among these individuals, 48 persons who met the criteria for entering the research were selected through multi-stage random sampling method and were placed in two experimental (n=24) and control (n=24) groups. In this research, Goal Orientation Questionnaire and Education Hope Questionnaire were used. After the pre-test, the experimental group received the educational perspective of the future vision during nine 60 to 90 minutes sessions. Then a post-test was taken from both groups.

The results of multivariate and univariate covariance analysis showed that future perspective education had a significant effect on the dimensions of goal orientation (dominant, dominant-avoidant, performance-oriented and performance-avoidant) and academic hope in 11th grade male students (p > 0.005).

In general, the results of this research showed that teaching the future perspective is effective on goal orientation and educational hope and can be used to improve the academic hope and goal orientation of 11th grade male students.

The purpose of this research is to provide a model of school counseling services based on the conditions and implications of the grounded theory to help school counselors use appropriate services for the integrated development of students.

The research method was a qualitative research that was conducted using the grounded theory approach. Semi-structured interviews and the translation of authentic school counseling documents were used in this study to collect data. Eight professional school counselors with doctoral degrees in counseling, who worked in schools as a school counselor for more than 10 years, and many of whom teach at universities, participated in this study.

The findings of this research are based on the field of grounded theory, including concepts of the factors and consequences of school counseling services. These concepts include: developmental needs of students, professional competence of school counselors, necessity of family awareness, cultural context, family lifestyle, education policy, entrance exam phenomenon, psychiatrists and drug prescription, therapeutic attitude instead of preventive attitude, non-governmental institutions and schools, student standards, and counselor standards.

The findings of the research showed that the provision of school counseling services should be based on the developmental needs of students, the cultural context and lifestyle of families should be considered, school counselors should have the necessary standards to provide services, and finally, direct and indirect counseling services. The school should be provided in a specialized manner and in a regular framework to facilitate the integrated growth of students.

The aim of present study was the application of the Attachment-Based Family Therapy (ABFT) for a transgender adolescent with suicidal thoughts.

Multiple baseline experimental single case study was used as the method of the present study. The population sample is a transgender adolescent (female to male) and his/her parent chosen according to the purposive sampling method. The adolescent completed The Suicidal Ideation Scale (SIS) over the course of the sessions. ABFT was implemented in twenty-seven 90 minute-sessions. Furthermore, visual inspection is applied to analyze and interpret data.

The results of this qualitative and step-by-step investigation of the attachment-based family therapy showed that this therapy was effective in significantly reducing the suicidal thoughts in the transgender adolescent.

Effective intervention with transgender adolescents and their families can foster a secure attachment relationship. Family therapists may employ attachment-based family therapy to address suicidal tendencies among transgender individuals. This approach also supports families in navigating the transformative journey of their transgender child

Amin:

 The purpose of this research is to identify the positive changes and growth of mothers in different dimensions after adopting the role of parenting.

This qualitative research was conducted using the thematic analysis approach. The studied population is equal to the participants of the research, it included couples who have lived for at least 7 years and have at least one 2-year-old child, are relatively satisfied with their lives, live in Tehran and participated in the research with their consent. The participants were selected from eligible clients through targeted sampling and available methods. The sampling process continued until theoretical saturation was reached and finally 18 participants were studied through interviews.

According to the results of the research, mothers believe that since the birth of a child, they experience changes in personal, marital and social relations; So that the personal dimensions include: the expansion of responsibility, the expansion of self-concept and patience; Also, the developments that we witness in the marital relationship include intimacy, enrichment of marital cohesion, consolidation of boundaries and creation of parental identity, and finally, the developments of social relations include revision of the social role and expansion of the bond with the family of origin.

Having children creates positive changes in mothers in personal, marital, social-cultural dimensions, which increases the satisfaction of the couple relationship.

The research aimed to study the psychological consequences of child marriage among girls through a phenomenological approach and semi-structured interviews.

  Twenty women from Gilan, Khoozestan, Sistan and Baloochistan, Khorasan and Yazd province who experienced child marriage and their current ages were less than 50 years old were selected through purposive sampling. Interviews and observations were conducted by traveling to each province. Colaizzi method was used in order to analysis data.

Results were included of 5 main themes and 15 sub themes in psychological consequences. Main themes are crashed ego, psychic traumas, negative emotions, immaturity and personal maturity.

The results showed that negative psychological consequences of child marriage are much more than their positive ones.