جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سوگیری حافظه » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Program for Attentive Remediation of Memory Inclination (PARMIN) on remediation behavioral symptoms and memory impairment in patients with mild to severe depression and apply its results into the depression treatment. This study is a semi-experimental trial that involves a clinical intervention with three-stage evaluation (pre-test, post-test and a three-month follow-up), which lasted from November 2016 until the summer of 2017. The statistical population consisted of the patients who were referred to Shahid Beheshti University clinics. Based on the convenience sampling method, 15 individuals were randomly selected from 35 patients who had previously been diagnosed with symptoms of depression by a psychiatrist. These diagnoses were then confirmed through structured diagnostic interviews. The research instruments included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R), and the N-Back Test (Face and Word) (N-BT). The results were analyzed using SPSS v. 23 and the output of the one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that the intervention had a significant effect on improving the working memory and memory bias caused by depression (p <0.05). In addition, the effect of memory modification on reducing the patients' temperamental symptoms was significant, and after a three-month follow-up, these results proved to be stable (P<0.001). According to the findings, modification of the memory bias regardless of the severity of depression can be effective in reducing the cognitive and behavioral symptoms of depression.

According to recent researches, biases in information processing and its relation with other factors such as craving and personality traits play a vital role in the etiology and maintenance of drug dependence disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the moderator role of personality characteristics on relationship between cognitive biases and craving in opium dependent individuals.
To do so, 100 male opiate dependent individuals were selected by convenience sampling. The primary data collection was conducted using Prob Dot task, Memory Recognition task, Word-stem Completion test, Craving Beliefs Questionnaire and Neo big five Personality Scale. The data were analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis.
Findings: The results indicated that personality variables moderated the relationship between craving with attentional bias and implicit memory bias, but these factors did not have any effect on the relationship between craving and explicit memory bias.
The results showed that automatic cognitive processes such as attention and implicit memory are bottom-up processes and tend to be affected by personality traits, whereas consciousness cognitive processes such as explicit memory is top-down processing and is influenced by individuals’ conception.

The purpose of the present study was to compare effects of self-focused attention on memory bias in individuals with social anxiety. To do this, 45 male students in Tabriz University were selected to participate in the study who had higher scores in Connor social phobia inventory (SPIN) than its cut point. The sampling method was available. Participants were randomly divided into three groups: two experimental groups and one control group. All the subjects were presented the emotionally words to recall. During the experiment, one group received the false feedback of increased self-focused attention, and the other group received the false feedback of decreased self-focused attention. The control group received non-relevant feedback. Next, previous emotional words were presented with a series of other words for subjects to recognize. Using signal detection theory, response bias (ß) and response sensitivity (d'), were calculated for the recognition of emotional words. The data was analyzed by MANOVA. The results showed that there is significant difference in response sensitivity among three groups, but no significant difference in response bias was seen among the groups. Based on the findings, sensitivity of people with social anxiety in dealing with stressful situations and negative social and also individual memory bias were confirmed.

The present essay، was carried out to study the effect of the emotional expressiveness styles on recall and recognition memory bias. To this end، 135 subjects (69 female،66 male)، among three engineering firm in Tehran were selected using the accessible sampling. The subjects answened the EmotionalExpressiveness Questionnaire. Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire and the Emotional Control Questionnaire (Roger &Nagarian، 1989). The recall and recognition memory performance were assessed by using vocabulary list. The results demonstrated the significant effect of the emotional expression styles on recall memory، but has no influenceon on the recognition memory. Whereas the results of the major variables demonstrated no significant impression of emotional expressiveness and emotional control on recall and recognition memory. Howevere ambivalence over emotional expressiveness showed a significant influence on recall memory performance. By reviewing the impact of three mentioned variables، on recall and recognition، it was determined that emotional expressiveness and emotional control had no significant impression on recall and recognition memory in female and male. While ambivalence over emotional expressiveness has a different effect on the performanceof recognition memory in female and male.

This study investigated the explicit and implicit memory biases in students of Tehran and Alzahra universities. Research design was based on causal comparative design. 100 students from Alzahra and Tehran universities were studied by clustral sampling. Research Instruments consisted of, MMPI test, interview, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory and researcher constructed Tasks Assessing Memory Biases. The explicit memory test was an incidental of free recall with positive and negatively loaded emotional words, and perception of risk words. The implicit memory test was a cued recall task with positive and negatively loaded emotional words, and perception of risk words. The depressed students recalled emotional positive words for implicit memory bias in easy conditions(p<0/05).The anxious students recalled for perception of risk words in explicit and implicit memory bias under both easy and difficult conditions(P<0/001).The depressed students exhibited positive loaded words for implicit memory under difficult conditions. (P<0/05).The mixed depression-anxiety exhibited perception of risk words for implicit memory under difficult conditions. Girls showed more recall words than boys for both explicit and implicit memory under difficult conditions. The results suggested the subjects with combined psychological symptoms had different recall for emotional words explicit and implicit memory under both easy and difficult conditions.

The goal of this research was an investigation into the implicit and explicit memory bias against negative emotional information processing in adolescents with high and low trait anxiety. To do so, 2 adolescent groups of twenty with high trait (n=20) and low trait (n=20) were selected from a large pole of adolescents using Spielbergr’s State-Trait Anxiety inventory for Children (STAI-C). Following the two groups were matched in terms of variables including age, sex,and education level, Explicit Memory Test(EMT) and Implicit Memory Test(IMT),completing word stems, were used to assess the subjects. The stimulants, emotional items, included two series of threatening and neutral words in EXP and a set of ambiguous words. The results indicated that there were no significant differences between high trait and low trait anxiety groups in terms of subject sensitivity and bias against threatening and neutral stimulants. However, high trait group had completed words stems more than low trait group in implicit memory test. These results indicated the presence of implicit memory bias in high trait group. Generally, the results of the present research are in accord with other researches and support the principles governing memory bias and trait anxiety.

In order to comparison of patients with paranoid, non-paranoid schizophrenia and normal individuals in recall and recognition memory performance, 14 patients with paranoid schizophrenia,14 patients with non paranoid schizophrenia and 14 normal participants with the male gender selected and computerized memory task were executed. Data analyzed by signal detection and ANOVA with repeated measures methods.Results indicated that there are significant differences between groups in general recalls. Patients with paranoid schizophrenia in comparison with non-paranoids recalled morethreat-related words than neutral words. Also, there is a significant difference between patients and normal participants in response sensitivity, but there are no significant differences in recognition bias among three groups although the high scores ofparanoids revealed more conservative style in performance.

his research examined the role of emotional arousal in attentional and memory biases among Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) patients. Using a quasi-experimental design, 20 OCD patients were compared to 20, randomly-seleced Isfahan university students. The Stroop Test was first administered to each participant, then he/she was shown 50 objects, some of which were dirty and some clean, and were told to remember them. The findings indicated that the OCD patients paid more attention to the arousal stimuli than to the neutral stimuli (p<0.000) and remembered the dirty objects more than the clean ones (p<0.000). The results show the relationship between attentional biases and memory and its perpetuation in OCD patients, and highlight the need to devote special attention to the different aspects of these biases to end a vicious circle in the treatment of these patients.