جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مادران » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

Children's emotional-behavioral problems are problems that make them helpless and can make them helpless against issues and problems, and in addition to creating many problems for the child, they also create problems for the people around them, teachers and family. Despite conducting numerous studies to reduce children's emotional-behavioral problems, So far, the effectiveness of educational packages Researcher made on the life narratives of mothers on reducing the emotional-behavioral problems of their 6-8 year old children has not been investigated.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effecacy of the life skills training package for mothers in reducing the emotional-behavioral problems of 6-8 year old children.

The current research design was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a one-month follow-up. The statistical population of the present study included all mothers of children aged 6-8 in preschool centers and primary schools (first and second grades) in Khorram Abad and Borujerd cities in the academic year of 2020-2021. In order to select the statistical sample of the research (mothers of children with emotional-behavioral problems), first the parent form of the Achenbach questionnaire was implemented on 100 children aged 6 to 8 years, and a total of 26 mothers were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. To measure children's emotional-behavioral disorders in the present study, the parent form of the Achenbach Questionnaire (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001) was used. In this research, the experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 60 minutes of life skills training. Also, to analyze the data in this study, the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements and SPSS-26 software was used.

The findings of this research indicated that the implementation of the life skills training package for mothers has significantly reduced the emotional-behavioral problems of children
(p< 0.01) and the results were sustained after one month of follow-up.

According to the results obtained regarding the effectiveness of the life skills training package in the present study, it is suggested, Counselors and child psychologists should use the contents of this educational package and its assignments to reduce the emotional-behavioral problems of children aged 6-8 to educate the mothers of this group of children.

This study aimed to investigate and to deeply understand challenges of mothers with autism children in the encountering of Covid-19 epidemic. The current study applies qualitative method. Purposive sampling and information saturating criteria is utilized in this study. Data were gathered on semi-structured depth interviews in 2022 year with fourteen mothers who had had an autism child in Tehran. The trustworthiness of this study was evaluated by peer reviews and group member checks. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Challenges of mothers were categorized in five main themes and Seventeen sub themes. Main themes include: The cycle of failure, increased symptoms of the disorder, increased roles and more resentment of the mother, lacks of support and pressure of Corona etiquette were the causes of stress and aggravation of maternal problems. This research showed that a family with child autism involves severely financial costs and they have to spend a lot of time and energy. family members suffer from annoying child behaviors and society reactions and they even have had difficulty in doing routine. In addition, Challenges related with covid-19 pandemic including Hygienic protocols and quarantine restrictions have made the situation worse than before. Therefore, seeing the special needs of families with autism children in social policy, providing services of psycho-social support for this group of families in the face of crises, raising public awareness about autism and developing social services to reduce problem is essential for promoting family resilience.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of Imago Therapy Training on cognitive flexibility and parenting stress of couples with deaf children aged 7-12 years in Khorramabad.

This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test and post-test. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all couples with deaf children aged 7 to 12 years who had a file in the welfare center of Khorramabad in 2021. From the statistical population, 30 people were randomly selected and then this number of subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). Research data were collected using the Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire of Dena and Van der Waals (2010) and the Barry and Jones Parent Stress Questionnaire (1995). The experimental group underwent immatotherapy training for 10 sessions of 2 hours. Data were analyzed by multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance.

The results of the analysis of research data showed that imagotherapy therapy has been effective in increasing cognitive flexibility and reducing the stress of parenting couples (P <0/01). The results of this study indicated the useful application of imagotherapy education approach in improving cognitive flexibility and reducing parenting stress of couples with deaf children.

The purpose of the research was to develop and validate a parenting program based on the lived experiences of mothers with hearing impaired children. The research was conducted in a qualitative-quantitative way. The research community consisted of mothers with hearing impaired children in Sari and Miandorud cities. In the qualitative part, the purposeful sampling method was used until saturation. Sampling method was available in quantitative section and 16 mothers were selected. The interview tool was unstructured. In order to ensure validity and reliability, the recorded interviews along with the content obtained from them were provided to the interviewees and the method of reliability of extracted data according to the conducted interviews was used. Transferability method was used to provide validity. The total efficiency of two encoders is equal to 0.90. SPSS 26 and Amos software were used to determine the validity and suitability of program components. Based on the interviews and the background of the research, the mentioned parenting program was compiled in 10 sessions, which consists of: accepting the child's deaf problem, using the experiences of mothers with deaf children, familiarizing mothers with how to care for a deaf child, Acquaintance with methods of emotion control, familiarization with ways to relieve the feeling of helplessness, familiarization with ways to communicate with a deaf child, interaction with the child, familiarization with ways to relieve the feeling of fatigue, relief from the feeling of hopelessness, relief from the child's feeling of loneliness. The research results showed the validity and appropriateness of the compiled components of the parenting program based on the lived experiences of mothers.

Not only is it important to investigate the components and factors affecting it in order to help prevent and treat this disorder in children, but it is also necessary to investigate the effectiveness of effective treatments in reducing the symptoms of this disorder. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of teaching mothers with Barclay's behavioral approach on the dimensions of parenting and anxiety of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. The research population was all children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder who referred to the specialized children's psychiatric clinic in Gorgan city in the first ten months of 2022. The research sample was 24 people who were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups of experimental (n=12) and control (n=12). The experimental group received Barclay Behavioral Maternal Education in 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The research instruments were the Alabama Form Parent Parenting Questionnaire (1991), and Spence Form Parent Child Scale (2001). Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance using SPSS-22 software.  

The results showed that parent training with Barclay's approach improved parenting dimensions (parental participation, positive parenting, instability in discipline, weakness in monitoring and physical punishment) in mothers and reduced anxiety in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (P<0.05).

According to the research findings, the use of Barclay's parenting training can be used as an effective method to improve the parenting dimensions of mothers and the anxiety of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by modifying the parenting pattern of parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Autism spectrum disorders have adverse effects on family life. Based on this, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the Effectiveness of Reality Therapy Based on Unconditional Positive Self-Acceptance on the Attitude towards Childbearing in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. The present study was an experiment with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the research was made up of all mothers of children with autism in Sari City in 2021-2022, from which a sample of 30 people was selected using the available sampling method and randomly divided into two groups (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people were placed in the control group. The people in the experimental group received reality therapy intervention based on unconditional positive acceptance for two months in 8 sessions of 60 minutes. The questionnaire used in this research included Soderberg et al.'s (2013) attitude scale towards fertility and childbearing. The results of the test showed that reality therapy based on unconditional positive self-acceptance has a significant effect on the attitude towards fertility and childbearing of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders. Based on the findings of the present research, it can be concluded that reality therapy training based on unconditional positive self-acceptance, with the benefit of teaching appropriate methods for accepting reality and making moral and responsible choices, can be used as an efficient method to improve the attitude towards fertility and childbearing.

 The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of Zekr therapy in Islam with mindfulness therapy on anxiety and life expectancy of mothers with mentally disabled children in Meybod city. 

 The design of the present research was applied in terms of its purpose and the method of conducting it was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population of the research is all mothers with mentally disabled children in Meybod city. Among the statistical population, 45 mothers with intellectually disabled children were selected in a targeted and available manner and randomly divided into three groups in the form of two groups of 15 experimental people (30 people) and control group (15 people). Beck's anxiety questionnaire was used to collect and measure mothers' anxiety, and mothers' life expectancy was measured with Snyder et al.'s questionnaire. Then exercise protocols (remembering therapy and mindfulness) were implemented. To answer the research hypotheses, the covariance tests were performed at the five percent error level using SPSS software version 26. 

 The results of covariance analysis for mindfulness treatment showed that 62.2% of life expectancy scores of mothers with intellectually disabled children are explained. Also, 55.6% of the anxiety scores of mothers with mentally retarded children are explained based on the mindfulness model. Also, 59.9% of Zekr therapy protocol scores are explained on the variable of life expectancy of mothers with mentally retarded children. Finally, according to the eta squared value (0.746), 74.6% of the scores of the Zekr therapy protocol are explained on the variable of anxiety of mothers with mentally retarded children. From the analysis of Shefe's follow-up test, it can be concluded that the mean of anxiety in the dhikr therapy and mindfulness group has decreased significantly compared to the control group, but the two experimental groups have no significant difference from each other (α=0.05). It can also be concluded that the average life expectancy in the Zekr therapy and mindfulness group has decreased significantly compared to the control group, but the two experimental groups have no significant difference from each other (α=0.05). 

 The obtained results indicated that both the mentioned treatment courses were equally effective in reducing anxiety and increasing the life expectancy of mothers with mentally disabled children.

The main objective of this research was the effectiveness of mentalization-based therapy on parent-child interaction and parenting stress in a randomized controlled trial study on children with symptoms of tic disorders and their mothers.

The method of the current research was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up plan with a control group. The research sample consisted of 30 mothers and their children with symptoms of tic disorders who had referred to counseling centers and clinics in Mako city in the second half of 2022. They were selected as available and randomly divided into two groups. Experiment and control (15 people in each group) were assigned. The experimental group participated in 15 sessions of the mentalization-based therapy group intervention program, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The subjects of both groups answered the questions of the parent-child relationship scale and the short form of the parental stress scale in the pre-test and post-test phases. Data analysis was done using mixed multivariate analysis of variance test.

The results of mixed multivariate analysis of variance indicated the effectiveness of mentalizing group therapy on improving the dimensions of parent-child relationship and parenting stress of children (P<0.001). Also, the results showed that mentalization intervention reduces the parenting stress scores of children with tic disorder symptoms (P<0.001).

It can be concluded that the therapeutic mentalization group intervention is effective in improving the dimensions of the parent-child relationship and parenting stress of children with symptoms of tic disorder, and this treatment can be used to reduce the psychological problems of children with tic disorder. Symptoms of tic disorder

This research was conducted with the main purpose of determining the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on reducing stress and depression symptoms of mothers of children with separation anxiety disorder.

The statistical population of the current research includes all mothers of children suffering from separation anxiety disorder in 2021 who referred to private medical clinics in Babol city. For sampling, a non-probability sampling method based on the purpose was used and according to the type of research, 20 mothers who had anxious children were selected (10 in the experimental group and 10 in the control group). And they participated in 8 2-hour sessions for two months starting from the 24th of April and ending on the 11th of June. The tools used are: Beck's 21-question depression questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.78; Perceived stress scale by Cohen (1983) with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.86 was used. In order to analyze the data, after collecting the data, it was recorded in the computer under the SPSS24 program and descriptive statistics, which included the frequency distribution and percentage, were used, and in the inferential statistics section, in order to find the effectiveness of the research components from Analysis of covariance test was used.

The results indicate that group therapy training based on acceptance and commitment to mothers of children suffering from separation anxiety disorder reduces depression and the effect size is (0.887); Perceived stress becomes the effect size (0.723).

Group therapy based on acceptance and commitment can reduce depression and stress of mothers of children with separation anxiety disorder.

The purpose of this research was to predict child maltreatment based on lockdown fatigue, stress tolerance, and conflict resolution styles of mothers during the coronavirus pandemic period. The statistical population of the research included all mothers of Golestan province with children aged 12 and under in 2021. 417 people were selected by the available sampling method. Data collection tools included Labrague et al.'s lockdown Fatigue Scale (2020, LFS), Simons & Gaher's Distress Tolerance Scale (2005, DTS), Rahim's Conflict Resolution Styles Questionnaire (1994, ROCI-II), and Mohammadkhni et al.'s Self-reported Child Abuse Scale (2005, SCAS). Pearson's correlation coefficient test and stepwise regression analysis test were used for data analysis. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between lockdown fatigue (r=0.239; P>0.01), distress tolerance (r=0.194; P>0.01), and conflict resolution styles (P>0.01) of mothers during the corona pandemic period, with children maltreatment. In addition, predictor variables predict a total of 32.7% of the changes in the children's maltreatment during the coronavirus pandemic period. According to the results, paying attention to lockdown fatigue, stress tolerance, and conflict resolution styles will facilitate the reduction of child maltreatment.

The purpose of this research was to explain and identify of lived experiences of mothers of hearing-impaired students. The research method was qualitative and phenomenological. The statistical population consisted of all mothers with hearing-impaired children whose children were enrolled in exceptional primary schools in Sari and Miandorud cities. Purposive sampling method was used until data saturation. The data collection tool was interview. The total reliability is equal to 0.90 by the method of two coders. In order to analyze the data, the seven-step method of Colaizi (1978) was used. Findings from the interviews were classified in 10 main themes including "eliminating the feeling of loneliness in a deaf child"; "Fixing the feeling of despair in a deaf child"; "a lot of interaction with a deaf child"; "Eliminating the feeling of helplessness in a deaf child"; "Fixing the feeling of fatigue in a deaf child", "Emotion control"; "Searching for communication solutions", "Using the experiences of mothers with deaf children"; "Accepting the child's deaf problem"; "Getting a child" and 30 subthemes.

The mental pressure caused by having a deaf child has tremendous effects on mothers. This pressure leads to psychological distress and parenting stress for mothers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the training protocol based on acceptance and commitment on the psychological distress and parenting stress of mothers with deaf children. The current research was a semi-experimental type with pre-test-post-test and control group. The statistical population was all mothers with deaf children in Tehran. Among these mothers, 30 mothers were selected by available sampling method and then randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups equally. The instrument of this study was the scale of psychological distress and stress of the overbearing child. The sessions of the experimental group consisted of 8 90-minute sessions of acceptance and commitment-based therapy (Bond et al., 2011), which were implemented as a group. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that the training protocol based on acceptance and commitment has led to the reduction of psychological distress and parenting stress of mothers (p<0.05). Based on the obtained results, the training protocol based on acceptance and commitment is effective in reducing psychological distress and reducing parenting stress. The results of this study can be effective in helping to reduce the psychological problems of families with deaf children and thus reducing the mental health costs of these families.

 The aim of this study was to determine The effectiveness of stress-emotion management skills training on quality of the mother-child relationship of mothers’ children with autism spectrum disorder. This study was an experimental study with a pretest-posttest-follow-up plan with a control group. The statistical Society was all mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder in Iran Autism Association in Tehran, from which 30 people were selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Mother-Child Relationship Evaluation (MCRE) Questionnaire (Robert Ross, 1961) were used to collect data. Mixed multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data with respect to defaults. The mothers' promotion program was implemented in 7 two-hour sessions for the experimental group. The results showed that the scores of components of rejection and overprotection decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group, but in acceptance increased significantly (P <0.01).,in the follow up step lasting effect was seen. Due to the effectiveness of mothers' promotion program (stress-emotion management), improving the mother-child relationship of mothers’ children with autism spectrum disorder, this package can be used as a psychological intervention.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of training based on the flourishing psychological model on forgiveness in mothers of students with hearing loss. This research was conducted with a quasi-experimental method and a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included 98 mothers of adolescents with hearing loss in Kashan in the 2021-2022 academic year, of which 28 were randomly selected and replaced in an experimental group (13 people) and a control group (15 people). Training sessions based on Seligman’s flourishing training package (2011) were held in 10 sessions of 90 minutes for the experimental group. Data were collected using a Heartland Forgiveness Scale (2005) and analyzed using mixed analysis of variance with repeated measures. The results showed that the intervention significantly increased forgiveness and subscales of self-forgiveness, others and position in post-test phase (P<0.01). The results of the Benferoni test showed that the increase in post-test scores was relatively stable in the follow-up phase. Based on the findings, a training program based on the flourishing psychological model was effective in improving the forgiveness in mothers of students with hearing loss. Therefore, this program can be used to promote forgiveness in mothers.

The present study aimed to find the psychological trauma of mothers during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method was qualitative, and the interviewees were purposefully selected. In this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 mothers and continued until data saturation was reached. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The results of data analysis revealed four main themes and ten sub-themes, including (1) Maternal concerns (fear caused by media monitoring, children’s health concerns, concern for the children’s condition), (2) Repetitive behaviors and thoughts (unusual duplications, annoying thoughts), (3) depressed mood (depressed due to quarantine, annoyed by the death of others, tired of virtual education), and (4) Disrupted sleep and eating patterns (night awakenings, fluctuation in diet). The results showed that the mothers’ mental health was endangered during the Covid-19 pandemic. Also, the issues discovered in this study provide information about the psychological trauma of mothers and other family members; therefore, relevant organizations should consider them in treatment and preventive measures.

Parent-child interaction and the factors that lead to the improvement and promotion of this interaction are among the important and favorite fields for researchers. The present study was conducted to develop a curriculum for positive parent-child interaction, based on the lived experiences of parents of children with ADHD. This research is of qualitative type which has been done using phenomenological methodology. The study population consisted of mothers with children having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who referred to counseling clinics in welfare districts 1 and 3 of Tehran during the year 2020 who had first-hand experience of the phenomenon. Purposeful sampling included mothers with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. After administering the CSI-4 Child Symptoms Questionnaire (Gado and Sprafkin 1997) and the Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire (Pianta 1994) to these mothers, those who scored above average were interviewed in a semi-structured interview and this process continued until a theoretical saturation was reached. Interviews were analyzed using the seven-step Claysian method. By adapting the obtained sub-themes below these main themes with the characteristics of the stages of change of Prochaska and Norcross 1992 (translated by Avadis Jans, 1399), the steps of the positive parent-child interaction program were developed. By analyzing the research findings, the following main themes were identified as characteristics of lived experiences of mothers with positive parent-child interaction with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: Managing the child's energy level, monitoring tasks and responsibilities, supportive and organized mother-child relationship and situation management dependent on hyperactivity. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the developed program of positive parent-child interaction is practical and counselors can use this program in working with mothers with children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.

The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of resilience program training on parenting self-efficacy in mothers of deaf children. This study was quasi-experimental research of a single-subject type with a baseline, intervention, and follow-up design. The statistical sample consists of mothers of deaf children. Three mothers who participated in this study were selected using the convenience sampling method from one of the school in Khomeini Shahr, Isfahan. At first, as a baseline, participants had to fill out Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale three times a week (every two days), which indicated relative stability in scores. Then, participants received a resilience program training in 10 sessions. After each session, the subjects were evaluated with the mentioned scale and three weeks later, the same scale was performed three times with an interval of two days in between as a follow-up step. The extracted data were analyzed using visual analysis. The results showed that the resilience program training had a positive and significant effect on parenting self-efficacy in mothers of deaf children . The effect size and the percentage of overlapping and non-overlapping data for parenting self-efficacy were calculated for all participants. Furthermore, there was a significant effect of the intervention on the follow-up situation. According to the research findings, the resilience program training improved parenting self-efficacy in mothers of deaf children. Therefore, it is recommended that this program be used to improve parenting self-efficacy in mothers of deaf children.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of Mindful Self-Compassion Training on worry and Distress Tolerance in the mothers of children with intellectual disability. This semi-experimental study was conducted using pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population was whole client mothers of the children with intellectual disability in Ardabil comprehensive health clinic in the year 2022. 30 mothers were selected through the purposive sampling method and randomly assigned into two equal experimental and control.  Experimental group received 8 weeks of Mindful Self-Compassion Training 90 minutes each session. During this period, the control group did not receive any intervention. Pennsylvania Worry Questionnaire and Distress Tolerance were used in pre-test, post-test to assess the subjects. Data were analyzed by Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The result showed that Mindful self-Compassion Training was effective on worry and distress tolerance. Therefore, it could be said that the Mindful self-Compassion Training improvement worry and distress tolerance scores in the mothers of children with intellectual disability.