جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Measurement » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

Bullying is a serious and worrisome problem that has been on the rise all over the world in recent years. However, there are inconsistent results in the definition, measurement, and prevalence of bullying. The current study aimed to review traditional bullying and cyberbullying scales in educational contexts. Therefore, in a systematic review study based on the PRISMA, quantitative research on bullying published from 2003 to 2023 through online databases  (Magiran, Noormags, SID) using a combination of the keywords including "bullying" or "aggression" or "harassment" and "scale" or "questionnaire" or "instrument" were searched. Out of 300 published articles, 25 studies were extracted based on the inclusion criteria in the categories of general characteristics, conceptualization of bullying, study sample characteristics, sample size, time frame, subscales, reliability, and validity. The results indicated a great variety in the conceptualization of the bullying construct in the literature. In addition, only 11 studies followed the recommended guidelines on the development and validation of instruments. Although most bullying instruments reported moderate to high reliability, a significant number of validity indices were not measured. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of a precise and standardized definition of bullying, which can be the most important factor in measuring bullying behaviors.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between mental health and social discipline and individual abilities in carrying out the organizational missions of Law Enforcement Force staff. This research work is applied in terms of purpose, and it was conducted using the descriptive-correlational method. The statistical population included all the employees of the police force in Badrud, Iran, whose number was reported to be 500 in 2019. According to Krejcie and Morgan table, the required number of the sample was estimated to be 217 (197 males and 20 females). The sample was selected using the simple random sampling method. The required data were collected using the Shah Mohammadi Mental Health Questionnaire (1983), the Nozarzadeh Arani Social Discipline Questionnaire (2019) and Spritzer’s Individual Empowerment Questionnaire (1995). Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that there is a relationship between mental health and social discipline in the implementation of the organizational missions of the Law Enforcement Force staff (P < 0.003). There is also a relationship between mental health and individual abilities in carrying out the organizational missions of Law Enforcement Force staff (P < 0.001). There is a relationship between social discipline and individual abilities in carrying out the organizational missions of Law Enforcement Force staff (P < 0.001), as well. Therefore, it can be concluded that the responsible organizations should take action to identify and provide the grounds for social discipline and improve the mental health of the staff, which, in turn, leads to an increase in individual abilities.

Recent evidences in attachment literature have pointed to the critical role of attachment in affect regulation and cognitive functioning through the selective processing of attachment-relevant information. The purpose of this study was developing and validation of a Dot-Probe Test for measurement of selective attention towards attachment related pictures. the stimulus that used for the dot-probe task comprised of two categories of positive and negative attachment related pictures. Based on these categories and after several phases of screening 275 pictures were selected. Then 50 student and 5 practitioner psychologists rated each picture on pleasant-unpleasant and attachmentrelevance. Finally five picturess of each subscale and a total of 45 pictures that have the highest scores in both features were selected and matched with 45 neutral pictures that had no particular emotional valence. Therefore the dot-probe test was comprised of these 90 pictures. 161 students (86 male and 85 female) of Shahid Beheshti University were selected by convenient sampling method and completed Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the dot-probe task. Result show high validity of pictures and high reliability of participant answer to dot-probe test. According to the results of this study can be said that designed test is suitable for measurement of automatic features of attachment.